What is archive log mode?

The archiving of the redo log is enabled by running database in ARCHIVELOG mode. A group of filled redo log files cannot be reused by LGWR until the group is archived and become available for archiving immediately after a redo log switch occurs. Advantages of archiving the filled groups:

A database backup, together with online and archived redo log files, guarantees recovery of all committed transactions in the event of an operating system or disk failure. In an archived log, the backup is taken while the database is open and in normal system use. The standby database can be kept current with its original database by continuously applying the original archived redo logs to the standby.

Explain cold and hot backups.

A backup taken when the database is not running is called a cold backup. This is also known as an offline backup. Copying physical files when the database is up is called hot back up. It is done by putting the tablespace in backup mode and then copying all the data file using the copy commands and then bringing it back to normal state.

What are incremental backups?

Incremental backup stores all files that have changed since the last FULL, DIFFERENTIAL OR INCREMENTAL backup. Its advantage is that it takes very less time to complete. But the restore operation is lengthy as each incremental backup must be processed. The answers to following questions will be made available soon. Keep visiting. Backups vs. RAID.

Also read Oracle DBA How do you increase the performance of %LIKE operator?, What is a standby database? Difference between Physical and logical standby databases, What is Cache Fusion Technology?, What is simple replication and advance replication?............. Difference between hot backup & cold backup A cold backup is done when there is no user activity going on with the system. Also called as offline backup, is taken when the database is not running and no users are logged in........ Oracle Index

What is an Index?, What are the objects in oracle?, What is INDEX_BY_BINARY_INTEGER?, What is index and explain its purpose........... Explain how to prevent tablespace fragmentation in oracle. Tablespace fragmentation can be prevented by using PCTINCREASE command. PCTINCREASE is the percentage a new subsequent extent will grow............... <<Previous Next>> Oracle database tuning - March 02, 2009 at 22:00 PM by Amit Satpute

Describe in brief about oracle database tuning.

Oracle includes many performance tuning enhancements like:

Automatic Performance Diagnostic and Tuning Features Automatic Shared Memory Management - Automatic Shared Memory Management puts Oracle in control of allocating memory within the SGA Wait Model Improvements - A number of views have been updated and added to improve the wait model. Automatic Optimizer Statistics Collection - gathers optimizer statistics using a scheduled job called GATHER_STATS_JOB Dynamic Sampling - enables the server to improve performance CPU Costing - default cost model for the optimizer (CPU+I/O), with the cost unit as time Optimizer Hints Rule Based Optimizer Obsolescence - No more used Tracing Enhancements - End to End Application Tracing which allows a client process to be identified via the client identifier rather than the typical session id SAMPLE Clause Enhancements Hash Partitioned Global Indexes

What is proactive tuning and reactive tuning?

In Proactive Tuning, the application designers can then determine which combination of system resources and available Oracle features best meet the needs during design and development. In reactive tuning the bottom up approach is used to find and fix the bottlenecks. The goal is to make Oracle run faster.

Describe the level of tuning in oracle., i.e. operating system-level tuning, oracle RDBMSlevel tuning, Database design-level tuning, SQL-level tuning. Operating system level tuning
System-level tuning involves the following steps:

Monitoring the operating system counters using a tool such as top, gtop, and GKrellM or the VTune analyzers counter monitor data collector for applications running on Windows. Interpreting the counter data to locate system-level performance bottlenecks and opportunities for improving the way your application interacts with the system.

SQL-level tuning

Tuning disk and network I/O subsystem to optimize the I/O time, network packet size and dispatching frequency is called the server kernel optimization. Distribution of data can be studied by the optimizer by collecting and storing optimizer statistics. This enables intelligent execution plans. Choice of db_block_size, db_cache_size, and OS parameters (db_file_multiblock_read_count, cpu_count, &c), can influence SQL performance. Tuning SQL Access workload with physical indexes and materialized views.

Database design level tuning

The steps involved in database design level tuning are:

Determination of the data needed by an application (what relations are important, their attributes and structuring the data to best meet the performance goals) Analysis of data followed by normalization to eliminate data redundancy. Avoiding data contention. Localizing access to the data to the partition, process and instance levels. Using synchronization points in Oracle Parallel Server. Implementation of 8i enhancements that can help avoid contention are: Consideration on partitioning the data Consideration over using local or global indexes.

Oracle database tuning - March 03, 2009 at 22:00 PM by Amit Satpute

Explain rule-based optimizer and cost-based optimizer.

Oracle decides how to retrieve the necessary data whenever a valid SQL statement is processed. This decision can be made using one of two methods: Rule Based Optimizer If the server has no internal statistics relating to the objects referenced by the statement then the RBO method is used. This method will be deprecated in the future releases of oracle. Cost Based Optimizer The CBO method is used if internal statistics are present. The CBO checks several possible execution plans and selects the one with the lowest cost based on the system resources.

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Explain the rule-based optimizer and cost-based optimizer.

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