ASSIGNMENT

1. State First Law of T.D. for a control mass. a. B. Steam at 7 bar and dryness fraction 0.9 expands in a cylinder behind a piston isothermally and reversibly to a pressure of 1.5 bar. Calculate the change of internal energy and the change of enthalpy per kg of steam. The heat supplied during the process is found to be 400 kJ/kg. Calculate the work done per kg of steam 2. State First Law of T.D. for an Open System a. A pistoncylinder device initially contains 0.5 m3 of nitrogen gas at 400 kPa and 27C. An electric heater within the device is turned on and is allowed to pass a current of 2 A for 5 min from a 120-V source. Nitrogen expands at constant pressure, and a heat loss of 2800 J occurs during the process. Determine the final temperature of nitrogen. (M = 28 for Nitrogen)
3. Air is contained in a vertical cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston and a set of stops, as shown in figure. The cross-sectional area of the piston is 0.2 m2, and the air is initially at 200 kPa, 5000C. The air is then cooled as a result of heat transfer to the surroundings.

1m AIR 1m

(a) What is the temperature of the air inside when the piston reaches the stops? (b) If the cooling is continued until the temperature reaches 200C, what is the pressure inside the cylinder at this state?

4. The pressure in an automobile tire depends on the temperature of the air in the tire. When the air temperature is 250C, the pressure gage reads 210 kPa. If the volume of the tire is 0.65 m 3, determine the pressure rise in the tire when the air temperature in the tire rises to 500C. Also determine the amount of air that must go out to get the original pressure at the new temperature (500C). Assume the atmospheric pressure to be 100 kPa. Neglect the change in the volume of the tire.

5. A 0.5 m3 rigid tank containing hydrogen at 200C and 600 kPa is connected by a valve to another 0.5 m3 rigid tank that holds hydrogen at 300C and 150 kPa. Now the valve is opened, and the system is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings which are at 150C. Determine the final pressure in the tank.

6. A piston-cylinder device initially contains 20 g of saturated water vapor at 300 kPa. A resistance heater is operated within the cylinder with a current of 0.4 A from a 240 V source until the volume doubles. At the same time a heat loss of 4 kJ occurs. Determine the final temperature and the duration of the process. What-if-scenario: How would the conclusion change if the piston-cylinder device initially contained saturated water liquid?

7. Steam enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 6 MPa and 600 oC, 50 m/s, and exits at 50 kPa and 100oC and 150 m/s. The turbine produces 5 MW. Determine the mass flow rate. Neglects PE. What-if-scenario: How would the conclusion change if the turbine produced 10 MW?

8. Argon gas enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa and 25oC with a velocity of 20 m/s, and exits at 1 MPa, 550oC and 100 m/s. The inlet area of the compressor is 75 cm2. Determine the power of the compressor. What-if-scenario: How would the conclusion change if the inlet area were 100 cm2?

9. Steam enters an adiabatic nozzle steadily at 3 MPa, 670 K, 50 m/s, and exits at 2 MPa, 200

m/s. If the nozzle has an inlet area of 7 cm2, determine the exit area. Neglects PE. What-ifscenario: How would the conclusion change if the exit velocity were 400 m/s?

10. A Carnot heat engine with an efficiency of 60% receives heat from a source at a rate of 3000

kJ/min, and rejects the waste heat to a medium at 300 K. Determine (a) the power that is generated by the engine, (b) the source temperature.

11. An air-conditioning system maintains a house at a temperature of 20 C while the outside is

40 C. If the cooling load on this house is 10 tons, determine (a) the reversible power, (b) the reversible power if the interior is made 5 degree warmer.

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13. air-standard cycle is executed in a closed system with 1 kg of air, and it consists of the following three processes: (a) Isentropic compression from 100 kPa, 27oC to 700 kPa. (b) p=constant heat addition to initial specific volume. (c) v=constant heat rejection to initial state. (i) Calculate the maximum temperature and efficiency. (ii) Show the cycle on T-s and p-v diagrams. Assume cold air-standard. What-if-scenario: How would the conclusion change if (a) isentropic compression took place from 100 kPa, 27oC to 500 kPa.?

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14. In a steam power plant operating on a Rankine cycle, steam enters the turbine at 3 MPa and 350oC and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of 75 kPa. If the adiabatic efficiencies of the pump and turbine are 80% each, determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle. What-if-scenario: How would the conclusion change if the boiler pressure were increased to 5 MPa?

15. An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 9. At the beginning of compression, air is at 14.4 psia, 80oF. During constant-volume heat addition 450 Btu/lbm of heat is transferred. Calculate (a) the maximum temperature and efficiency. (b) The net work output. Assume variable c_p. What-if-scenario: How would the conclusion change if the air were at 100oF at the beginning of compression?

16. A gas turbine power plant operates on a simple Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid. The air enters the turbine at 1 MPa and 1000 K and leaves at 125 kPa, 610 K. Heat is rejected to the surroundings at a rate of 8000 kW and air flow rate is 25 kg/s. Assuming a compressor efficiency of 80%, determine the net power output. Account for variable c_p. What-if-scenario: How would the net power be affected if the compressor efficiency dropped to 75%?

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17. A Carnot cycle running on a closed system has 1.5 kg of air. The temperature limits are 300 K and 1000 K, and the pressure limits are 20 and 1900 kPa. Determine (a) the efficiency, (b) the net work output.