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Suppose a1, a2, a3, . is an A.P. and b1, b2, b3, is a G.P. Then the sequence a1b1, a2b2, , anbn is said to be an arithmetic-geometric progression. An arithmetic-geometric progression is of the form ab, (a+d)br, (a + 2d)br2, (a + 3d)br3,
rSn = abr+(a+d)br2++(a+(n3)d)brn2+(a+(n2)d)brn1+(a+(n1)d)brn.
Subtracting we get
= ab + dbr(1rn1)/(1r) (a+(n1)d)brn
If 1 < r < 1, the sum of the infinite number of terms of the progression is
llustration:
Solution:
Let S = 1.2 + 2.22 + 3.23 ++ 100.2100 2S = 1.22 + 2.23 ++ 99.2100 + 100.2101 S = 1.2 + 1.22 + 1.23 ++ 1.2100 100.2101 S = 1.2 (21001/21) 100.2101 S = 2101 + 2 + 100.2101 = 199.2101 + 2.
(1) (2)
Illustration:
Solution:
n = 1 : 1. (1/2)1 = 1/2 = 0.5 n = 2 : 2 (1/2)2 = 1/2 = 0.5 n = 3 : 3 (1/2)3 = 0.375 n = 10 : 10 (1/2)10 = 0.00976, and so on Thus we observe that as n n rn 0 for |r| < 1.
Illustration:
Solution:
Let S = 1 + 4/5 + 7/52 + 10/53 + 1/5 S = 1/5 + 4/52 + 7/53 Subtracting (11/5) S = 1 + 3/5 + 3/52 + 3/53 + 4/5 S = 1/13/5 S =25/8 (? It is infinite G.P.)
Illustration:
Let t1, t2, t3, , tm1, tm, tm+1, be a sequence so that (i) tm+1/tm = tm/tm1 constant (r)
then tp = (t1)rp1
(r)
(iii) If the difference of difference of terms are in G.P. then tp = a + bp + crp1, where r is the common ratio.
Illustration:
Note:
tp = a + bp + c 3p1 p=1 t1 = 7 = a + b + c
p=2 t2 = 14 = a + 2b + 3c
Harmonic Progression
In general
Note:
or, 1/a, 1/H, 1/b are in A.P. or, 1/H 1/a = 1/b 1/H. or, 2/H = 1/a + 1/b = a+b/ab H =2ab/a+b
tn = a + (n1)d, we get,
Or, 3d = ab/ab
d = ab/3ab
If a and b are two non-zero numbers, then the harmonic mean of a and b is a number H such that the numbers a, H, b are in H.P. We have H = 1/H = 1/2 (1/a + 1/b) H = 2ab/a+b. If a1, a2, , an are n non-zero numbers. then the harmonic mean H of these number is given by 1/H = 1/n (1/a1 + 1/a2 +...+ 1/an). The n numbers H1, H2, , Hn are said to be harmonic means between a and b, if a, H1, H2 , Hn, b are in H.P. i.e. if 1/a, 1/H1, 1/H2, ..., 1/Hn, 1/b are in A.P. Let d be the common difference of the A.P., Then 1/b = 1/a + (n+1) d d = ab/(n+1)ab.
Thus 1/H1 = 1/a + ab/(n+1)ab, 1/H2 = 1/a + 2(an)/(n+1)ab, ......, 1/Hn = 1/a + n(ab)/(n+1)ab.