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2 Types of Screening
1. Preliminary data screening
Screen one variable at a time on the entire data set before any analysis Todays focus
Steps
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Check for missing data Check for normality Remove outliers Check for normality again Transform data
Step 1
Step 1
Descriptive Statistics
Explore
Step 1
Step 2
50
Step 2
Step 2
.337 .662
Step 2
Step 2
Statistic .500
Shapiro-Wilk df 50
Sig. .000
Step 2
Step 2
Remove outliers
Step 3
Remove outliers
Remove data points highlighted in box plot
Not the best method
Step 3
Schweinle Method
Remove data that is 2.5 SD from mean
Remove outliers
Schweinle Method 1. SD x 2.5 359.093 x 2.5 897.733 2. Add that value to the mean 897.733 + 206.84 = 1104.61
Remove any values above 1104.61
Step 3
Remove outliers
SPSS: Data select cases Select if condition is satisfied Variable <= 1104.61
SPSS will not analyze data that is over 1104.61
Step 3
Step 4
Step 4
Statistic .802
Shapiro-Wilk df 49
Sig. .000
Step 4
Transform Data
Step 5
Start here
Click on arithmetic under function group Click on sqrt under functions and special variables Click on the up arrow to bring sqrt(?) to numeric expression box Highlight variable to be transformed and click the right arrow to replace the (?) Explore data again to check for normality
sqrt
Statistic .927
Shapiro-Wilk df 49
Sig. .005
Negative skew:
Start here
Now this
Click reset button to clear Click on arithmetic under function group Click on lg10 under functions and special variables Click on the up arrow to bring lg10(?) to numeric expression box Highlight variable to be transformed and click the right arrow to replace the (?) Explore data again to check for normality
log10
Statistic .969
Shapiro-Wilk df 49
Sig. .217
Finally!
Keep in mind:
Do this with each dependent variable before analyzing data Keep transformations consistent across all dependent variables Although transformed data looks pretty, it can be difficult to interpret Run your analysis with transformed data and without the transformation and compare the results
Great resource:
Mickey, R. M., Dunn, O. J., and Clark V. A. (2004). Applied statistics: analysis of variance and regression, 3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 1: Data Screening