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7.2 10 J The kinetic energy in the car is given by 0.5Mv2 M := 2000 lb M = 2000 lb 1 kg 2.205 lb
5 2
I := 20.0 A
2
t := 30 min
Pe = ( 20.0 A ) 1
W e = 0.4 kW 30 min
60 sec min
M = 907.185 kg W ke = 1 2 M v
2
but
W ke := W e
so:
We =
1 2
M v
v :=
2 W e M m s mi hr
which yields:
v = 39.841
converting to mph:
v = 89.122
Problem 1-2 A large fan requires 300 lb ft of torque at 1750 rpm Given: T := 300 lb ft n r := 1750
HP = 99.96 hp
Pout = HP 0.7457
:= 0.9
Pin :=
Pin = 82.82 kW
Problem 1-3 Given: Solution: The voltage is the RMS value, so the peak voltage is the RMS times the square root of 2. Vpk := 2 Vrms Vpk = 11.27 kV The energy stored in the electric field is given by: W e := 1 2 1 2 C Vpk
2
Vrms := 7.97 kV
C := 41.6 F
We =
Problem 1-4 Given: Solution: The energy stored in the magnetic field is given by: W m := 1 2 1 2 Lsc I
2
I := 10000 A
Lsc := 1.0 H
Wm =
1.0 H ( 10000 A )
W m = 5 10 J The inductor stores 50 MJ! Much higher energy densities can be achieved with magnetic fields than with electric fields
Problem 1-5 First we need to find the potential energy obtained by going to the top of the building: Given: Solution: h = 1000 ft h = 304.8 m M := 70 kg 1 m 3.281 ft h := 1000 ft
g = 9.807
m s
2
W pe := M g h W pe = 2.092 10 J
5
which yields
The person would burn up at least that much energy. Converting to calories, yields: W pe = 209.2 kJ 1 cal 4.184 J
So walking up 100 flights of stairs would burn 50 calories. Of course the process isn't 100% efficient so you would actually burn more than that.
Problem 1-6 First we need to find the potential energy obtained by lifting the car: M := 5000 lb M = 5000 lb 1 kg 2.205 lb
3
h := 6 ft h = 6 ft 1 m 3.281 ft
M = 2.268 10 kg
h = 1.829 m
g = 9.807
m s
2
W pe := M g h W pe = 4.067 10 J t := 10 sec
4
which yields
Plift = 4.067 10 W Since the hydraulic system is 30% efficient, the input power is: Pin := Plift 0.30
Pin = 13.558 kW Pin = 13.56 kW Pin = 18.182 hp Thus it would require a 20 horsepower motor 1 hp 0.7457 kW
Problem 1-7: The average power for the year is the total energy delivered divided by the number of hours in a year. Welec := 1.75 ( 10) kW hr
11
hours := 52 wk 7
day wk
3
24
hr day
Pavg :=
Pavg = 2.003 10 MW The utility generates 20,000 MW on average b. eff := 0.28 Win := Welec eff
18
Win = 2.25 10
J BTU
Win = 2.133 10
15
c. From Table 1-1, one Quad is 45 million tons of coal Coal := 2.133 45000000 ton Coal = 9.598 10 ton
7
Problem 1-8: Demand := 38 MW Rated := 8.5 dollar kW Energy := 12 10 kW hr Ratee := 0.028 dollar kW hr
6
Bill := Demand Rated + Energy Ratee Bill = 38,000 kW * $8.50 + 12,000,000 * $0.028 Bill = 6.59 10 dollar The electric bill is $659,000 for that month!
5
Problem 1-9: At rated output, the power out of the generator is 100 KW. Since we are given the efficiency, we can solve for the power into the generator: Pgout := 100 kW := 0.93 Pgin := Pgout
5
Pgin = 1.075 10 watt So the engine must provide 107.5 KW at the shaft. There are 746 W/hp - converting to HP yields: 1 hp 0.746 kW
Since the engine is only 35% efficient, we can find the input power to the engine: e := 0.35 Pein := Pgin e
5
Pein =
107.5 kW 0.35
Pein = 3.072 10 watt In one hour, there are 3600 seconds, so the energy provided by the gasoline in one hour is: W gas := Pein 3600 sec W gas = 1.106 10 joule Converting to BTUs: W gas = 1.048 10 BTU
6 9
One gallon of gas provides 125,000 BTUs: Gas := 125000 Gallons := BTU gal the number of gallons of gas required per hour
W gas Gas
per hour