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Privately held company Conglomerate 1868 Jamsedji Tata Worldwide Ratan Tata
(Chairman)
Products
Automotive, steel, telecommunications, metals, financial services, hotels, property development, energy, engineering products, consumer products, chemicals, information technology, retailing US$ 83.3 billion (2010-11)[2] US$ 05.8 billion (2010-11)[2] US$ 68.9 billion (2010-11)[2] Tata Sons 424,365 (2010-11)[2] List of subsidiaries www.tata.com
Tata Group
Tata Bus
Tata Nano
Tata Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.[3] It is one of the largest conglomerates in India by market capitalization and revenue. It has interests in communications and information technology, engineering, materials, services, energy, consumer products and chemicals. Tata Group has operations in more than 80 countries across six continents and its companies export products and services to 80 nations. It comprises 114 companies and subsidiaries in eight business sectors,[4] 27 of which are publicly listed. 65.8% of the ownership of Tata Group is held in charitable trusts.[5] Companies which form a major part of the group include Tata Steel (including Tata Steel Europe), Tata Motors (including Jaguar and Land Rover), Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Technologies, Tata Tea (including Tetley), Tata Chemicals, Titan Industries, Tata Power, Tata Communications, Tata Sons, Tata Teleservices and the Taj Hotels. The group takes the name of its founder, Jamsedji Tata, a member of whose family has almost invariably been the chairman of the group. The current chairman of the Tata group is Ratan Tata, who took over from J. R. D. Tata in 1991 and is one of the major international business figures in the age of globality.[6] The company is currently in its fifth generation of family stewardship.[7] TATA Group's 114 companies are held by its main company Tata Sons and the main owner of Tata Sons are various charitable organisations developed and run by Tata Group. Out of which JRD Tata Trust & Sir Ratan Tata Trust are the main holders. About 65% ownership of Tata Sons which is the key holding company of the other 114 Tata Group Company is held by various charitable organisations. The 2009, annual survey by the Reputation Institute ranked Tata Group as the 11th most reputable company in the world.[8] The survey included 600 global companies. The Tata Group has helped establish and finance numerous quality research, educational and cultural institutes in India.[9][10] The group was awarded the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy in 2007 in recognition of its long history of philanthropic activities.[11] Tata gets more than 2/3 of its revenue from outside India.[12] In June 2011, based on market value Tata Group has become India's wealthiest group with $98.7 billion.[13]
History
The beginning of the Tata Group can be traced back to 1868,[14] when Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata established a trading company dealing in cotton in Bombay (now Mumbai), British India.[15] This was followed by the installation of 'Empress Mills' in Nagpur in 1877. Taj Mahal Hotel in Bombay (now Mumbai) was opened for business in 1903. Sir Dorab Tata, the eldest son of Jamsetji Tata became the chairman of the group after his father's death in 1904. Under him, the group ventured into steel production (1905) and hydroelectric power generation(1910). After the
death of Dorab Tata in 1934, Nowroji Saklatwala headed the group till 1938. He was succeeded by Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata. The group expanded significantly under him with the establishment of Tata Chemicals (1939), Tata Motors, Tata Industries (both 1945), Voltas (1954), Tata Tea (1962), Tata Consultancy Services (1968) and Titan Industries (1984). Ratan Tata, the incumbent chairman of the group succeeded JRD Tata in 1991.[16]
Tata Chemicals Rallis India Tata Pigments Limited General Chemical Industrial Products Brunner Mond Advinus Therapeutics Magadi Soda Company
Consumer Products
Tata Salt I-shakti Casa Dcor Tata Swach Tata Global Beverages Eight O'Clock Coffee Tata Ceramics Infiniti Retail (Crom) Tata Tea Limited is the world's second largest manufacturer of packaged tea and tea products. Tetley Tata Coffee Tata Industries Titan Industries Trent (Westside) Tata Sky TajAir Tata International Ltd. Tanishq Tata Refractories Westland
Energy
Tata Power is one of the largest private sector power companies. Tata BP Solar, a joint venture between Tata Power and BP Solar Hooghly Met Coke and Power Company Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company North Delhi Power Powerlinks Transmission Tata Power Trading Tata Projects
Engineering
TAL Manufacturing Solutions Tata AutoComp Systems Limited (TACO) Hispano Carrocera Tata Motors, manufacturer of commercial vehicles (largest in India) and passenger cars Jaguar and Land Rover Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Tata Projects Tata Consulting Engineers Limited Tata Cummins Telco Construction Equipment TRF Voltas, consumer electronics company Voltas Global Engineering Centre Tata Advanced Materials Tata Advanced Systems Tata Motors European Technical Centre Tata Petrodyne Tata Precision Industries Telco Construction Equipment
Computational Research Laboratories INCAT Nelco Nelito Systems Tata Business Support Services Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. (TCS) is Asia's largest software company. Tata Elxsi Tata Interactive Systems Tata Technologies Limited Tata Teleservices Virgin Mobile India Tata Communications CMC Limited
VSNL International Canada Tatanet, Managed connectivity and VSAT service provider Tata Teleservices Tata Teleservices (Maharashtra)
Services
Tata Sons The Indian Hotels Company Ginger Hotels Roots Corporation Landmark Tata Housing Development Company Ltd. (THDC) Tata Limited TATA AIG General Insurance TATA AIG Life Insurance Tata AG Tata Asset Management Tata Financial Services Tata Capital Tata International AG Tata Investment Corporation Tata Advanced Systems Limited Drive India Enterprise Solutions Mjunction services Tata Quality Management Services Tata Realty and Infrastructure Limited Tata Interactive Systems Tata Africa Holdings Tata AutoComp Systems Tata Industrial Services Tata NYK Tata Services Tata Strategic Management Group
Steel
Tata Steel Tata Steel Europe Tata Steel KZN Tata Steel Processing and Distribution JAMIPOL NatSteel Holdings Tata BlueScope Steel Tata Metaliks Tata Sponge Iron
[edit] Philanthropy
The Tata Group has helped establish and finance numerous quality research, educational and cultural institutes in India.[9][10] The Tata Group was awarded the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy in 2007 in recognition of the group's long history of philanthropic activities.[11] Some of the institutes established by the Tata Group are:
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Tata Institute of Social Sciences Indian Institute of Science National Centre for Performing Arts Tata Management Training Centre Tata Memorial Hospital Tata Football Academy Tata Cricket Academy Tata Trusts, a group of philanthropic organisations run by the head of the business conglomerate Tata Sons[17] The JRD Tata Ecotechnology Centre The Energy and Resources Institute (earlier known as Tata Energy and Research Institute) a non governmental research institute.
The Tata Group has donated a Rs. 220 crore ($50 million) to the prestigious Harvard Business School (HBS) to build an academic and a residential building on the institutes campus in Boston, Massachusetts. The new building will be called the Tata Hall and used for the institutes executive education programmes.[18] The amount is the largest from an international donor in the business school's 102-year-old existence. The recent The Brand Trust Report,[19] 2011 has ranked TATA as the second most trusted brands of India.
Ratan Tata, the chairman of Tata Group. One Tata project that brought together Tata Group companies (TCS, Titan Industries and Tata Chemicals) was developing a compact, in-home water-purification device. It was called Tata swach which means clean in Hindi and would cost less than 1000 rupees (US $21). The idea of Tata swach was thought of from the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, which left thousands of people without clean drinking water. This device has filters that last about a year long for a family of five. It is a low-cost product available for people who have no access to safe drinking water in their homes.[20] The advantage of this device is that it does not require the use of electricity.[21] TCS also designed and donated an innovative software package that teaches illiterate adults how to read in 40 hours. The children of the people who have been through our literacy program are all in school, says Pankaj Baliga, global head of corporate social responsibility for TCS. [20] In 1912, Tata Group expanded their CEOs concept of community philanthropy to be included in the workplace. They instituted an eight-hour workday, before any other company in the world. In 1917, they recommend a medical-services policy for Tata employees. The company would be among the first worldwide to organise modern pension systems, workers compensation, maternity benefits, and profit-sharing plans.[20] Trusts created by Tata Group control 65.8% of company shares[22] , so it can be said that about 66% of the profits of Tata Group go to charity.[23] The charitable trusts of Tata Group fund a variety of projects, for example the Tata Swach and the TCS project. They founded and still support such cherished institutions as the Indian Institute of Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, the National Centre for the Performing Arts and the Tata Memorial Hospital. Each Tata Group company channels more than 4 percent of its operating income to the trusts and every generation of Tata family members has left a larger portion of its profit to them.[20] After the Mumbai attacks, Salaries of then heavily attacked Taj Hotel employees were paid despite the hotel being closed for reconstruction. About 1600 employees were provided food,
water, sanitation and first aid through employee outreach centres. Ratan Tata personally visited families of all the employees that were affected. The employees relatives were flown to Mumbai from outside areas and were all accommodated for 3 weeks. Tata also covered compensation for railway employees, police staff, and pedestrians. The market vendors and shop owners were given care and assistance after the attacks. A psychiatric institution was established with the Tata Group of Social Science to counsel those who were affected from the attacks and needed help. Tata also granted the education of 46 children of the victims of the terrorist attacks.[24][25]
Tata Motors reported deals to supply hardware and automobiles to Burmas oppressive and antidemocratic military junta has come in for criticism from human rights and democracy activists. In December 2006, Gen. Thura Shwe Mann, Myanmars chief of general staff visited the Tata Motors plant in Pune.[28] In 2009, TATA Motors announced that it would press ahead with plans to manufacture trucks in Myanmar.[29][30]
Tata was planning to change the site of the plant so it would be built 32 km from the lake, but the opposition still thinks it would negatively disturb the environment.[41] It could also jeopardise the Lesser Flamingo birds there, which are already endangered. Lake Natron is where two thirds of Lesser Flamingos reproduce.[42] Producing soda ash involves drawing out salt water from the lake, and then disposing the water back to the lake. This process could interrupt the chemical make up of the lake.[40] Twenty-two African nations are against the creation of the project and have signed a petition to stop its construction.[40] s a mega alliance between two multi-billion-dollar brands that is poised to change the latte landscape in the country. But, even the frappe folks from Seattles Starbucks will have to strictly follow the Tata Groups brand code and licence fee as their joint venture kicks off. This, say brand consultants, is perhaps a first of its kind arrangement in India. The equation makes it clear that even as Starbucks will play on its premium positioning of being the third place between home and office for young urban professionals, the Tatas are not playing second fiddle. After four years of diligence, Starbucks, the worlds largest coffee chain, on Monday announced an equal JV with Tata Global Beverages (TGB) to roll out its cafes nationwide. A separate new company, Tata Starbucks, will be formed with an equal 50 per cent stake held by the two. This announcement comes a year after Starbucks entered into an agreement with Tata Coffee Ltd, a listed subsidiary of TGB, to source and roast arabica coffee beans in India. Sources close to the development say separate legal contracts have been signed by which the JV will have to adhere to the brand fee rules the Tata Group follows and pay royalty. In the mid-1990s, Tata Sons, the closely held holding company for the group, had announced a royalty or a contribution or a fee to be charged from all Tata group companies for the use of the Tata name, either directly in the companys name or indirectly. The fee ranged from 0.25 per cent of the turnover (not exceeding five per cent of net profit) from blue-chip group companies to 0.10 per cent, depending on the brand leverage. Joint ventures where the foreign partner was offering its brand name gratis were exempted. Tatas are possibly the only Indian corporate house to have institutionalised a brand code of conduct and have a separate cell within Tata Sons called Brand Equity and Brand Promotion Fund to monitor all brand-related issues. In 2011, according to the worlds leading brand valuation consultancy firm Brand Finance, the diversified Tata Group corporate brand was valued a little over $15 billion. It was the only Indian conglomerate to have broken into the top 50 global brands in the elite Brand Finance 500. This annual league table values top brands worldwide. In the same year, Starbucks was ranked 184th, with a valuation of $5.4 billion. When it comes to branding initiatives, the JV will have some unique features, too. In a first of its kind move, Starbucks outlets in India will be branded as Starbucks Coffee, a Tata Alliance. This very usage will make Tata Starbucks Ltd dish out the royalty.
So how will it work out? Sources close to the negotiations say first both the stakeholders of the JV company will pay an equal equity or licence fee to Starbucks and Tata Global Beverages, respectively, for using their brands and services. This could even be as high as one per cent of sales. Tata Global Beverages, in turn, will sign a separate agreement with Tata Sons to share 0.25 per cent of the sales value for using the Tata moniker. Tata Groups spokesperson, however, did not want to comment on the subject. When contacted, he said, These are part of a commercial agreement and so the Tata Group doesnt want to comment on it. Tata Group insiders say the template has been similar even in the past when the group has had several global JVs with big brands like IBM, Honeywell or Avaya. In many cases, only the international partner gets a fee for their brand usage. But in our case, we insist that it be paid equally to both, said a senior official who did not wish to be named. Its not just about using a brand, but also the different services, he added. Brand consultants could not agree more. This is perhaps the first time an Indian corporate has been able to command a value or a licence fee for an intangible asset like a brand. So, its a marriage of equals and Starbucks in India will not be an overriding foreign brand, says Unni Krishnan, India MD, Brand Finance. Typically, in such JVs, the Indian partner is mostly the hardware provider whereas the software and the brand premium is always provided by the foreign partner. Despite the strength of the Starbucks brand, here the iconicity and legacy of the Tata brand is getting respected, he added. The alliance will indeed be intrinsic. The formats will vary as they expand the operations by tapping into shopping malls, hotels, offices, airport lounges, railway stations, colleges and other public spaces. Tapping into the existing Tata eco system of Taj hotels and retail outlets will be an obvious option, even though the first store is likely to be a stand-alone one. But, the group has been using its brand strategically. For example, in many of its marquee brand acquisitions the Tatas have not insisted on their names being added. For example, Jaguar Land Rover, the iconic British carmaker that Tata Motors acquired in 2008, does not bear the Tata name anywhere and retains its initial luxury equity. Therefore, JLR does not pay any brand royalty to Tata Sons though it is very much a part of Tata Motors.