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Heat Transfer Laboratory

Pin Fin Apparatus Object:

To determine the efficiency and effectiveness of the fin by natural convection and forced convection using Pin fin apparatus.

Introduction:
Fins are the extended surfaces which are used to increase the rate of heat transfer between a surface and the adjacent fluid. Fin are classified into three viz, angular fins, straight fins and pin fins. Mixing of hot fluid with cold fluid takes place due to density difference caused by temperature gradient then the process of heat transfer is known as natural convection. Fin effectiveness is the ratio of heat transfer with the fin to the heat Where m

Fin efficiency is the ratio of heat lost from the fin to the heat that would be lost when the entire surface of the fin is under room temperature, it is given by fin = tan h (m/L) / mL

Experimental Setup:
The experimental setup consists of a mild steel duct in which metallic body is heated by a band type heater. The input to this heater can be varied by Dimmerstat and measured by digital voltmeter and ammeter as shown below Voltmeter Ammeter Temp. Indicator Pin Fin Housing Heater On/Off Switch Orifice for flow measurement

Air Blower (Variable Speed) Dimmerstat

Mild Steel Duct Manometer Dinesh Scientific

Heat Transfer Laboratory

Experimental Procedure:
Natural Convection 1. Switch on the supply and adjust the variac to obtain the required heat input 2. Note down the following readings after reaching the steady state: a. Voltmeter reading in Volts b. Ammeter reading in Amps c. Thermocouple readings (T1 to T5) in C 3. Repeat the procedure for different heat inputs and tabulate the readings Forced Convection 1. Switch on the supply and adjust the variac to obtain the required heat input 2. Start the blower, set the manometer head as required. 3. Note down the following readings after reaching the steady state: a. Voltmeter reading in Volts b. Ammeter reading in Amps c. Thermocouple readings (T1 to T5) in C d. Manometer reading h in cm 4. Repeat the procedure for different heat inputs and tabulate the readings

Specifications:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Length of the pin fin, l = 120mm Diameter of the pin fin, d = 12.5mm Diameter of orifice, do = 11.2 mm Diameter of pipe, = 22.4 mm Coefficient of discharge, Cd = 0.5 Thermal conductivity of fin material, k = 110 W/m-K Duct size = 140 mm x 500mm Distance between each thermocouple on pin fin = 25mm

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Heat Transfer Laboratory

Observation Table:
Natural Convection S.No 1 2 3 4 5 Forced Convection
Dimmerstat S.No Reading V I T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Ta h1 h2 H= h 1 + h2 (m) Dimmerstat Reading V I T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Ta

1 2 3 4 5

Calculations:
Experimental Method Natural Convection a. Determination of properties of air at film temperature (Tf) Tf = = C

Ts

Ta = ambient temperature b. Determination of (Gr.Pr) ( ) Gr = Grashof Number = Pr = (from Data Book)

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Heat Transfer Laboratory

c. Determination of Nusselts Number (Nu) Nu = 1.1 (Gr.Pr) 1.7 for 0.1Gr Pr104 Nu = 0.59 (Gr.Pr) 0.25 for 104Gr Pr109 Nu = 0.13 (Gr.Pr) 0.25 for 109Gr Pr1012 d. Determination of heat transfer coefficient h = (Nu K) / L L = length of fin, m K = Thermal conductivity of air, W/m.K (from table) e. Efficiency of fin fin = tan h (m/L) / mL Where
h = heat transfer coefficient of fin P = Perimeter of fin (D) K= thermal conductivity of fin (110 W/mK) A= area of fin (DL) L = length of fin.

f. Effectiveness of fin ( fin =

Forced Convection a. To find heat transfer coefficient (h) h = (Nu K) / d Nu = Nusselts Number Nu = 0.618 (Re) 0.466 if 40<Re<4000 Nu = 0.174 (Re) 0.618 if 4000<Re<40000 Where Re= Reynoldss Number Re = VDeq /

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Heat Transfer Laboratory

Deq = Equivalent dia of Duct = 4a/ perimeter of duct From Data Book at Tfilm Note down following = v= = Cp= K= V Q Cd G Ha hw a w = velocity of air= Discharge / Area = Q/A in m/sec = = = = = = = Cd a0 0.5 9.81 m/s2 hww / a head of mercury in mtrs from table 1000kg/m3

b. Efficiency of fin, fin = tan h (m/L) / mL Where

L = length of fin. c. Effectiveness of fin ( ) fin = K= 110 W/mK A = DL P= D h = Heat Transfer Coefficient

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Heat Transfer Laboratory

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