Assignment Title:

Group Project

Module Code And Title:

Telecommunication (AICT003-3-2)

Intake Code

DF07A1COM

Submitted By:

Prageeth Madhushanka (CB002742)

Nuwan Fernando (CB002791)

Supun Hasantha (CB002793)

Hasala Perera (CB002734)

Submitted To

Mr. Jaliya Bandara

Date Assigned

24th July 2008

Date Due:

04th September 2008

 (CB002734)
(CB002742)

(CB002793)
(CB002791)

Hasala Perera
Supun Hasantha
Assessment

Nuwan Fernando
Prageeth Madhushanka
Assumptions (5)

Report Content (10)

Diagrams and Figures (20)

Analytical and Critical Thinking (20)

Documentation (5)
Group Component

Referencing (10)

Group Total (70)

Presentation (20)

Progress Report (5)

Individual
Component

Workload Matrix (5)

Individual Total (30)

2
Grand Total (100)
Acknowledgements

First of all we consider it a pleasure to thank our Telecommunication Lecturer Mr Jaliya Bandara
for giving us this tough challenge of preparing on this research.

Sir it was nice to have you back after a lapse of three months and teaching us another Theoretical
yet a technical module as Telecommunications.

Next we consider it our duty to thank the Library and Laboratory resources of APIIT Lanka
(PVT) Ltd, which was used extensively within the course of our project work.

Finally we would like to Thank our Family members and Guardians for bearing with us till the
submission days of the project

3
Abstract

This is a Research project on Piconet which is a novel Network Methodology that implements
the AD hoc basis of connection that is a network without a formal infrastructure and Dynamic in
Nature.

All information regarding Piconet including the Technology involved, Effects, Requirements and
suitable locations needed to consider before and after the implementation of this technology and
the Positive and Negative Aspects of implementing Piconet will also be discussed in this
document

4
Contents
1 Technology Used in Piconet.........................................................................................................7

1.1 Bluetooth................................................................................................................................7

1.2 Core System Architecture......................................................................................................7

1.3 Architecture - Data Transport.................................................................................................8

2 Importance of Piconet...................................................................................................................8

3 Requirements for implementing Piconet......................................................................................9

3.1 Hardware Requirements.........................................................................................................9

3.2 Radio ...................................................................................................................................10

3.3 Protocol ...............................................................................................................................10

3.4 Runtime Environment .........................................................................................................11

3.5 Palm OS based PDAs...........................................................................................................11

3.6 Pocket PC based PDAs........................................................................................................11

3.7 Mobile Handheld Choice.....................................................................................................12

4 Considerations before implementing Piconet.............................................................................13

4.1 Sensitive Equipments...........................................................................................................13

4.2 Range between Devices.......................................................................................................13

4.3 Safety Measures...................................................................................................................13

5 Where could Piconet be implemented........................................................................................13

6 Advantages and Strengths in Piconet..........................................................................................14

7 Disadvantages and Problems in Piconet.....................................................................................15

8 How Piconet Works....................................................................................................................16

5
9 Appendix 1..................................................................................................................................19

9.1 Gantt chart............................................................................................................................19

10 Appendix 2................................................................................................................................20

10.1 Workload Matrix................................................................................................................20

11 Appendix3.................................................................................................................................22

11.1 Minutes of Meetings..........................................................................................................22

12 References.................................................................................................................................23

6
1 Technology Used in Piconet

1.1 Bluetooth
Bluetooth wireless technology is a short ranged communication technology that used to replace
cables connecting portable and fixed devices. Bluetooth wireless technology has the ability to
simultaneously handle both data and voice transmissions.

The Bluetooth core system consist of several sub systems named as RF transceiver, baseband,
and protocol stack. The system offers services that enable the connection of devices and the
exchange of a variety of data classes between these devices.

1.2 Core System Architecture

The Bluetooth core system consists of four lowest layers and associated protocols defined by the
Bluetooth specification. The service discovery protocol (SDP) is a one of common service layer
7
protocol. A complete Bluetooth application requires a number of additional services and higher
layer protocols that are defined in the Bluetooth specification. Bluetooth controller is a sub
system which includes the lowest three layers .

1.3 Architecture - Data Transport

The Bluetooth data transport system follows a layered architecture. All Bluetooth operational
modes follow the same generic transport architecture.

The Bluetooth transport architecture includes a sub-division of the logical layer, distinguishing
between logical links and logical transports. This sub-division provides a general and commonly
understood concept of a logical link that provides an independent transport between two or more
devices.

(Courtesy: Bluetooth.com)

2 Importance of Piconet

8
As we know piconet is a wireless network connection that uses Bluetooth as its communicating
media. By using piconet we could connect devices like PDAs, LAPTOPs easily. This connection
is quiet simple and useful when it is comes to smaller networks. Piconet can functional in wide
variety of conditions such as indoors and outdoors, exposed and embedded, line of sight as well
as diffuse. This technology is simple because, that the certain device can describe it self to the
world and other devices can find it, understand what it is and interact with it.

Apart from that Piconet uses the Ad hoc connection environment rather than the ritualistic
procedure of setting up a network in order to transfer data between devices Piconet is free from
such restrictions.

One could form Piconet connectivity as and when one needs, there is no particular Place,
Position and Time to form such a connectivity which will be very adaptive to the user and as a
result this could increase the efficiency of communication and minimise the Wastage time and
errors that could take place in other Networks

3 Requirements for implementing Piconet

3.1 Hardware Requirements

We can categorized the hardware requirements in to following points

• Mobile and portable.

• Support for wireless network interfaces.

• Compatible with chosen operating system.

• Widely available.

(Song, 2001, pg.15)

The wireless network interface should be based on radio frequency (RF) technology as they do
not require line-of-sight. Other wireless technologies like infrared, which require line-of-sight,

9
are not well suited to ad hoc applications as communication depends on the orientation of the
user and the device

Major Components include the follows

• Radio

• Protocol

• Runtime Environment

• Attribute Store

3.2 Radio
• 418 MHz FM transceiver
• around 5 meters of transmission range
o low-powered and cheap
o greater re-use of radio channel
o close to human’s definition of “proximity”

3.3 Protocol
• ad-hoc, without base station
• for short-lived transaction, not long-lived stream of data
• 4b6b DC balanced encoding
• support 2 kinds of multicast:
o well-known (pre-assigned)
o transient (dynamically created)
10
3.4 Runtime Environment
• on-board kernel
o a message queue
o a scheduler
• on-board loader

3.5 Palm OS based PDAs

There are currently many wireless network interfaces available for Palm OS based devices,
including IEEE 802.11b and Bluetooth. At the time of hardware selection these wireless products
were only announced, but not available.

3.6 Pocket PC based PDAs

11
The Pocket PC devices are more powerful than the Palm OS devices as they have faster CPUs
and have more storage space, but shorter battery life. There are many different wireless network
solutions available for Pocket PC based handheld computers. Some handhelds, like the Compaq
iPAQ, have PCMCIA adaptors which allow any PCMCIA wireless network card to be used, so
long as drivers exist.

3.7 Mobile Handheld Choice

Despite the higher cost of Pocket PC PDAs, it was chosen over the Palm OS devices for its ease
of implementation.

The reasons are discussed below:

• Palm OS devices only supported uClinux which lacked many features in Linux 2.4such as
netfilter.

• Pocket PC devices had PCMCIA support which provided a wider range of wireless network
interfaces.

• Linux for Pocket PC devices was more actively developed than uClinux for Palm OS devices.

There are many different Pocket PC devices and the Compaq iPAQ, which is ARM6 based, was
chosen over the other devices because of its PCMCIA support and its extensive support for the
Linux operating system

12
4 Considerations before implementing Piconet

4.1 Sensitive Equipments

Since Piconet is a Networking Protocol that implements the Bluetooth Technology it is important
to note that any device that is extremely vulnerable to waves should be kept with extra caution
even though Bluetooth protocol has not shown any vulnerability towards sensitive objects its
better to be cautious.

4.2 Range between Devices

Apart from that it is important to consider the range of forming an ad hoc network since
Bluetooth Protocol has a limited frequency range that supports an ad hoc network, therefore the
range between the devices play a considerable role when it comes to the formation of a Piconet
Network.

4.3 Safety Measures

Even though Bluetooth has been successful in implementing Security measurements addressing
the Authentication and Integrity of the Users, however not all equipments having Bluetooth may
have these facilities updated therefore while having the latest security technologies implemented
in your device it is important to make sure that the necessary technology is implemented in the
other devices that the User is interacting

5 Where could Piconet be implemented

Since Piconet is a wireless Ad hoc network this Network could be implemented in suitable places
which includes the follows

• Field Work – In Cases where several Field workers or Contractors want to share a
Common plan and they are in different floors of a building, among them by initiating a
Piconet environment they could easily share these data among them

13
 • In Houses – In a TV or Living Room where one has the access of equipments such as a
DVD Player and Satellite TV Receiver, through a Piconet environment all these
equipments could be connected and its benefits could be used.

(Courtesy: How Stuff Works.com)

• Emergency or Entertainment – In case there needs to be an emergency data transfer

between members or sharing certain resources among friends using a Piconet
environment then and there one could easily form a ad hoc network and use its maximum
facilities

6 Advantages and Strengths in Piconet

• Wireless piconet technologies allow wireless networking between various
communications enabled electronic devices,

• If one piconet capable device desires to communicate with another piconet capable
device which is not in the same piconet network, a multipoint connection can be made
between separate piconet networks in order to share resources.

• The wireless piconet (e.g., Bluetooth) baseband protocol is a combination of circuit and
packet switching. In the disclosed embodiment, time slots in the cordless telephone
communications can be reserved for use by synchronous packets. Each packet is
transmitted in a different hop frequency. A packet nominally covers a single time slot, but
can be extended to cover up to five slots

• Wireless piconet (e.g., Bluetooth) can also support an asynchronous data channel, up to
three simultaneous synchronous voice channels, or a channel, which simultaneously
supports asynchronous data and synchronous voice. Each voice channel supports 64 kb/s
synchronous (voice) link. The asynchronous channel can support an asymmetric link of

14
 maximally 721 kb/s in either direction while permitting 57.6 kb/s in the return direction,
or a 432.6 kb/s symmetric link.

• In general, increased range for wireless piconet (e.g., Bluetooth) communications opens
the possibilities to numerous applications. For instance, the extended range of a wireless
piconet using a cordless range extension allows range extensions to more than the
conventional 100 meter range limit, allowing longer distance support for printers,
network services, Internet access, etc. The present invention reduces or eliminates the
need for a high power amp to extend range, while maintaining cordless telephone
functionality.

• Piconet devices are implemented in secure environments allowing secure

communications which prevent unauthorized communications within range of the piconet
devices

• The piconet RF transmitter may operate in common frequencies which do not necessarily
require a license from the regulating government authorities, e.g., the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States.

(Courtsey: Patentgenius.com)

7 Disadvantages and Problems in Piconet

• Piconet could be implemented only within a limited area.

o 100m radius per access point

o Obstructions reduce range of the connection

• Reliability
15
 The further away from the access point the lower the speed for contact.

• Interference

• Bandwidth

Limited by the medium

• Limited by access point’s connection to the network

Several devices linking through a single access point share the bandwidth.

8 How Piconet Works

16
According to the Gathered Facts Piconet could be built up connecting 256 Devices; however due
the limitation of the connectivity only 8 devices could actively participate in a connection.

Out of that one device acts as the Master Device (The Device in the middle) and the other
devices are known as Slave Devices.

17
A Master Device is the Device that sends data whereas the Slave Devices could only receive the
data that is sent by the Master Device.

Even though the Slave devices cannot do any transactions among themselves there are no
differences between the Master and Slave devices when it comes to functionality, therefore a
Master Device has the ability of switching its role with a Slave device so that the respective
Slave device can transfer data between the other devices that needs them

18
9 Appendix 1

9.1 Gantt chart

19
 10 Appendix 2

10.1 Workload Matrix

20
 Prageeth Supun Nuwan Hasala

Technology used in Piconet 100%

Importance of Piconet 100%

Requirements for implementing Piconet 100%

Considerations before implementing 100%

Piconet

Where Piconet could be implemented 100%

Advantages/Strengths in Piconet 100%

Disadvantages/Problems in Piconet 100%

How Piconet Works 100%

21
 11 Appendix3

11.1 Minutes of Meetings

Meeting 1

22
Date: 22 July 2008

Venue: L2-Syndicate Room

From: 10:25am to 10:30am

Members Present: Prageeth Madhushanka

Supun Hasantha

Nuwan Fernando

Hasala Perera

During this meeting we elected a group member and discussed about the scenario of the project.
Then we divided the Workload between the Group members and set a target that could help us
reach finish this project on time

12 References
• Prabhu R.S.C., Redd Prathap, A. 2004, Bluetooth Technology and its applications with
Java and J2ME,Prentice Hall Publications. India

23
• Song, Alex. 2001. Piconet II a wireless ad hoc network for mobile handheld devices,
Masters Thesis, University of Queensland

• Joseph M. Johanson, James A. Mooney, Philip D..2003,Cordless RF range extension for

wireless Piconets[Online],Available
http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/6650871/[Accessed Date 2 September 2008]

• Bluetooth SIG.2008,Bluetooth[Online], Available http://www.Bluetooth.com[Accessed

Date 5 July 2008 ]

• University of Cambridge.2006,[Online],Available www.cl.cam.ac.uk[Accessed Date 20

August 2008]

24