EMERGING TRENDS IN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION The sources of fossil fuel in the world are depleting very

fast and by the turn of the century, man will have to increasingly depend upon renewable sources of energy. For developing countries like India, large scale demand of heat energy for meeting day to day domestic, institutional and industrial requirements can be met by utilizing solar thermal system, biogas, PV Cells and wind, geothermal, MHD etc from non conventional source of energy. Non conventional source of energy in one of the encaging technologies which have higher priority with reference to countrys economy. Various non-conventional i.e. solar, tidal, wind energy form biomass & biogas, geothermal energy, chemical energy sources, Magneto hydrodynamics, thermion nuclear fusion, small scale power generation by thermoelectric and thermionic converters. i) Solar Energy has the greatest potential of all sources of renewable energy and if only a small amount of this form of energy would be used, it becomes the most important supply. Interesting applications may include solar pound, electric power plant, solar refrigeration, Wind Energy: - The potential of wind energy as a source of power is large. The energy available in winds over the earth surface in estimated to be 16 lakh MW. It can provide mechanical as well as electrical power. But in India, the speed of wind is of lower ranges, so techniques to amplify the speed of the aim or the blade design in an approach. Biomass: - Apart from being a traditional solid fuel, they can be converted into liquid like ethanol and methanol to be used as liquid fuels in engines. Apart from that it is used in general basis in rural areas for cooking, lighting, mechanical power generation, small scale electricity. Newer technologies like ocean thermal energy conversion are used large amount of solar energy is collected & stored in tropical oceans in the surface waters. And this heat is converted into electricity by utilizing the fact that a temp diff, like between the upper and hotter surface and the colder deeper regions. The Dept. of Non conventional energy sources has proposed to install a 1 MW OTEC plant in Lakshadweep island . Tidal Energy :- Tides as a matter of fact, generate due to universal gvitational effect of heavenly bodies and its used for power generation is practical in a few favorably situated sites where the geography of an inlet of bay favors the construction of a large scale hydrolyte plant.

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Possible sites for tidal power plants in lndia are suggested at Gulf of Bombay , Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat and Sundarban area in West Bengal. vi) Geothermal Energy sources: - This is the energy which lies embedded within the earth and two ways of electric power production. In one of these the heat energy is transferred to a working fluid which operate the power cycle. Otherwise hot geothermal water or steam is used to operate the turbines directly. A 7.5 tone capacity plant on geothermal energy is installed in Himachal Pradesh Hydrogen and water as a fuel :- Hydrogen as an energy can play an important role as an alternative to conventional fuels provides its technical problem of production, storage, transportation can be resolved satisfactorily and the lost be brought down to acceptable limits. Hydrogen can be extracted from water which is its best feature. Hydrogen, also having the highest energy content per unit mass of any chemical fuel can be a substitute for the other organic fuels. viii) MHD and Other power generators: - Magneto Hydro dynamics generator uses liquid in place of solid conductor in a setup where this electrically conducting fluid in moved in a magnetic field and potential is developed. The power generation is simple and very reliable. An experimental power plant of 5 MW has been commissioned at Tiruchirapalli. If the present trend continues, the world in the upcoming year will be more crowded than that of day. The world population may reach 7 billion and conventional source of energy would get exhausted by the end of the century. So non conventional source are the sources that are to be utilized in future

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