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I. Model Problems. II. Practice III. Challenge Problems IV. Answer Key

Web Resources

Polynomial Equations: www.mathwarehouse.com/algebra/polynomial/polynomialequation.php How to add and Subtract Polynomials: www.mathwarehouse.com/algebra/polynomial/how-to-add-subtractpolynomials.php

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Adding and Subtracting Polynomials

Words to know A monomial is an expression that is a number, variable or product of a number and variables. Examples of monomials: 3, 4x, 5xy, y2 A polynomial is a monomial or the sum or difference of monomials. Examples of polynomials: 2x + 4, x4 + 4x3 5x2, 400 You can add polynomials by combining like terms. Example 1 Simplify (8x2 + 6x + 10) + (5x2 4x + 9) Solution First group the like terms, then simplify. (8x2 + 6x + 10) + (5x2 4x + 9) = = (8x2 + 5x2) + (6x 4x) + (10 + 9) = 13x2 + 2x + 19 The answer is 13x2 + 2x + 19. Example 2 Simplify (4x3 + 9x 5) + (7x + 12) Solution First group the like terms, then simplify. (4x3 + 9x 5) + (7x + 12) = = 4x3 + (9x + 7x) + (5 + 12) = 4x3 + 16x + 7 The answer is 4x3 + 16x + 7. To subtract a polynomial, change the sign of each of its terms to its opposite, then add.

Example 3 Simplify (6x2 + 4x 4) (2x2 + 8x 10) Solution First change the sign of each of the terms of the polynomial being subtracted, then combine like terms. (6x2 + 4x 4) (2x2 + 8x 10) = 6x2 + 4x 4 + 2x2 8x + 10 = (6x2 + 2x2) + (4x 8x) + (4 + 10) = 8x2 4x + 6 The answer is 8x2 4x + 6. Example 4 Simplify (4x3 + 15x2 40x) (12x2 + 11x 50) Solution First change the sign of each of the terms of the polynomial being subtracted, then combine like terms. (4x3 + 15x2 40x) (12x2 + 11x 50) = 4x3 + 15x2 40x 12x2 11x + 50 = 4x3 + (15x2 12x2) + (40x 11x) + 50 = 4x3 + 3x2 51x + 50 The answer is 4x3 + 3x2 51x + 50. Practice Add the polynomials. 1. (4x2 + 4x + 1) + (4x + 20) 3. (5x3 6x + 10) + (x3 + 10x 9) 5. (8x2 + 4x + 1) + (5x2 + 4x + 16) 7. (12x3 8x2 7) + (6x3 + 9x2 x) 9. (9x2 7x + 55) + (3x + 8) 2. (7x2 + 9x 15) + (8x 8) 4. (3x2 + 3x 9) + (5x2 + 7x3 4) 6. (x2 + 5x + 9) + (x2 + 6x + 9) 8. (2x3 7x2 + 16) + (6x3 + 5x2 1) 10. (7x3 + 4x + 1) + (4x2 + 20x5)

Subtract the polynomials. 11. (6x2 + 4x + 1) (4x + 20) 13. (8x3 6x + 10) (x3 + 10x 9) 15. (9x2 + 44x + 2) (7x2 + 10x + 99) 17. (16x3 12x2) (6x3 11x2 x) 19. (9x2 7x + 65) (11x + 8x2) 12. (7x9 + 12x6 12) (5x9 + 4x6 9) 14. (4x8 + 3x 34) (5x8 + 70x 42) 16. (8x2 + 15x + 28) (x2 + 44x + 9) 18. (4x6 9x7 + 16) (5x6 + 25x7 10) 20. (9x5 + 4x + 1) (9x3 + 2x5)

Challenge Problems 21. Simplify (xy2 + 4x + 2y2) + (4xy + 7x2 10y2) (3y2 3x2 3xy) 22. Simplify (y2 + 10xy2 9x + 11x2) (8x2 55xy 4y2) + (8y2 11x2 9xy) 23. Simplify (0.9x2 + 0.12xy 7.2y2) (3.1x2 0.14xy + 6.5y2) 24. A four-sided polygon has sides that measure (2x + 1), (4x 10), (3x2 x + 1) and (6x2 50x + 25). What is the perimeter of the polygon, in terms of x?

25. Correct the Error There is an error in the student work below. (4x3 + 4x2 8x) (8x2 16x + 4) = = 4x3 + 4x2 8x 8x2 16x 4 = 4x3 + 12x2 24x 4 What is the error?

Answer Key 1. 4x2 + 8x +21 2. 7x2 + 17x 23 3. 6x3 + 4x + 1 4. 7x3 + 8x2 + 3x 13 5. 13x2 + 8x + 17 6. 2x2 + 11x + 18 7. 6x3 + x2 x 7 8. 8x3 2x2 + 15 9. 9x2 4x + 63 10. 20x5 + 7x3 + 4x2 + 4x + 1 11. 6x2 19 12. 2x9 + 8x6 3 13. 7x3 16x + 19 14. x8 67x + 8
15. 16x2 + 34x 97 16. 7x2 29x + 19 17. 10x3 x2 + x 18. x6 34x7 + 26 19. x2 18x + 65 20. 7x5 9x3 + 4x + 1 21. 7xy + xy2 + 4x 11y2 + 10x2 22. 3y2 + 10xy2 9x 8x2 + 46xy 23. 2.2x2 + 0.26xy 13.7y2 24. 9x2 45x + 17 25. The student did not change the sign of 16x before combining like terms.