Hotel EIA

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AMBI MALL VASANT KUNJ, DELHI
Submitted to Ministry of Environment & Forests Through Delhi Pollution Control Committee
Ambience Developers Private Limited L-4, Green Park Extension, New Delhi 110016
March 2006
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Ambi Mall -Vasant kunj, Delhi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................................................................................................... E-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Objective of the Study.................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Structure of the EIA report ........................................................................................... 3
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Site location and description......................................................................................... 9 2.2 Project Components ................................................................................................... 15 2.2.1 PROJECT LAYOUT AND DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT .......................... 15 2.2.2 LANDUSE .................................................................................................. 15 2.2.3 PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES..................................... 16
3.0 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAME WORK........................................................ 21
3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 21 3.2 Environmental policies ............................................................................................... 21 3.3 Legal provisions for environment related to construction and infrastructure development projects ......................................................................................................... 22 3.3.1 Urban planning and landuse ......................................................................... 23 3.3.2 Environmental Clearance of Developmental Projects ................................... 24 3.3.3 Usage of Water and Water Pollution ............................................................ 25 3.3.4 Air Quality................................................................................................... 26 3.3.5 Noise level ................................................................................................... 27 3.3.6 Solid and other waste management............................................................... 27 3.4 Institutional Framework ............................................................................................. 28 3.4.1 Ministry of Environment and Forests ........................................................... 28 3.4.2 Central and State Pollution Control Boards .................................................. 29 3.4.3 Municipalities and the municipal corporations ............................................. 29
4.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS OF PROJECT AREA .................................. 30
4.1 Methodology of conducting baseline study................................................................. 30 4.2 Air Environment......................................................................................................... 31 4.2.1 Meteorology................................................................................................. 33 4.2.2 Rainfall ........................................................................................................ 34 4.2.3 Temperature................................................................................................. 34 4.2.4 Relative Humidity........................................................................................ 34 4.2.5 Wind speeds and direction ........................................................................... 35 4.2.6 Ambient air quality ...................................................................................... 36 4.2.7 Noise environment ....................................................................................... 44 4.2.8 Traffic pattern and density ........................................................................... 46 4.3 Water Environment .................................................................................................... 48 4.3.1 Surface water resources................................................................................ 48 4.3.2 Hydro geology and groundwater resources................................................... 48 4.3.3 Water quality ............................................................................................... 50
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4.4 Land Environment...................................................................................................... 55 4.4.1 Geology of the area ...................................................................................... 55 4.4.2 Seismo-tectonic appraisal of the area............................................................ 55 4.4.3 Soil ......................................................................................................... 55 4.4.4 Landuse pattern............................................................................................ 59 4.4.5 Solid waste disposal ..................................................................................... 59 4.5 Biological Environment.............................................................................................. 59 4.5.1 Habitat assessment ....................................................................................... 60 4.5.2 Terrestrial ecology ....................................................................................... 60 4.5.3 Aquatic ecology ........................................................................................... 62 4.6 Socio Economic Environment .................................................................................... 63 4.6.1 Demographic Profile .................................................................................... 63 4.6.2 Economic Activity and Livelihood Pattern ................................................... 65 4.6.3 Assessment of local community : primary survey......................................... 65 4.6.4 Perception of the community........................................................................ 69
5.0 POLLUTION SOURCES - CHARACTERISTICS, QUANTIFICATION AND PREDICTION ............................................................................................................................... 71
5.1 Pollution sources ........................................................................................................ 71 5.2 Air Emissions and Noise ............................................................................................ 72 5.2.1 Predicted air emissions from the site ............................................................ 72 5.2.2 Noise Emissions Sources.............................................................................. 75 5.3 Water and wastewater management ............................................................................ 77 5.3.1 Water Requirements..................................................................................... 77 5.3.2 WATER BALANCE.................................................................................... 85 5.3.3 Wastewater Quantification and characteristics.............................................. 88 5.4 Solid and other Wastes ............................................................................................... 90 5.4.1 Waste Sources and Quantification................................................................ 90 5.4.2 Waste Quantification.................................................................................... 92 5.4.3 Waste characterization ................................................................................. 93 5.5 Other stressors leading to Environmental Impacts....................................................... 94
6.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................... 95
6.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 95 6.2 Impact on Air Environment ........................................................................................ 96 6.2.1 Air dispersion model used.................................................................................. 97 6.2.2 Estimates of Ground Level Concentrations ........................................................ 99 6.3 Impact on Noise Environment .................................................................................. 104 6.5 Impacts on Land Environment.................................................................................. 109 6.5.1 Impacts on landuse and aesthetics .............................................................. 109 6.5.2 Impacts on Topography and Geology......................................................... 109 6.5.3 Impacts on Soils......................................................................................... 109 6.5.4 Impacts due to waste disposal .................................................................... 110 6.6 Impacts on Biological Environment.......................................................................... 111 6.7 Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment ................................................................ 113
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Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Ambi Mall -Vasant kunj, Delhi 7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................ 120
7.1 Environmental Management Plan ............................................................................. 127 7.1.1 EMP for air environment............................................................................ 127 7.1.2 EMP for noise environment........................................................................ 129 7.1.3 EMP for water environment ....................................................................... 131 7.1.4 EMP for land environment ......................................................................... 136 7.1.5 EMP for Biological Environment ............................................................... 138 7.1.6 EMP for Socio-economic environment....................................................... 141 7.1.7 EMP for energy conservation ..................................................................... 142 7.2 Environmental Management System and Monitoring Plan........................................ 144 7.2.2 Environmental Monitoring ......................................................................... 144 7.2.3 Awareness and Training............................................................................. 145 7.2.4 Record Keeping and Reporting .................................................................. 146 7.2.5 Environmental Audits and Corrective Action Plans .................................... 146
8.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN .................................................................................. 147
8.1 Response in Case of Earthquake ............................................................................... 147 8.2 Response of LPG Leakage........................................................................................ 148 8.3 Response in case of Fire ........................................................................................... 149
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Building Details Chart .......................................................................................... 5 Table 2.2: Project Implementation Schedule.......................................................................... 8 Table 3.1: Summary Of Environmental Legislation For Ambi Mall Project......................... 22 Table 4.1: Primary Sources And Effects Of Air Pollutants Due To Proposed Project........... 32 Table 4.2: Rainfall Normals For Indira Gandhi Airport, New Delhi..................................... 34 Table 4.3: Temperature Normals For Indira Gandhi Airport, New Delhi ............................. 34 Table 4.4: Relative Humidity Normals For Indira Gandhi Airport, New Delhi .................... 35 Table 4.5: Mean Wind Speed .............................................................................................. 35 Table 4.6: Historical Air Quality In New Delhi (I.T.O. Residential) .................................... 37 Table 4.7: Monitoring Locations ......................................................................................... 38 Table 4.8a: Monitoring Program Results - Spm................................................................... 40 Table 4.8b: Monitoring Program Results - Rspm................................................................. 40 Table 4.8c: Monitoring Program Results - So2 .................................................................... 40 Table 4.8d: Monitoring Program Results - Nox ................................................................... 41 Table 4.8e: Monitoring Program Results - Co...................................................................... 41 Table 4.9: Primary Effects Of Noise Pollution From Construction And Operation Activities Of The Site.......................................................................................................................... 45 Table 4.10: Noise Monitoring Locations ............................................................................. 46 Table 4.11: Monitoring Program Results Noise ................................................................ 46 Table 4.12: Chemical Analysis Of The Ground Water Samples........................................... 50 Table 4.13: Water Quality Sampling Locations ................................................................... 52 Table 4.14: Ground Water Quality In The Study Area......................................................... 54 Table 4.15: Soil Sampling Location .................................................................................... 57 Table 4.16: Particle Size Distribution .................................................................................. 57 Table 4.17: Soil Characteristic In The Study Area ............................................................... 58 Table 4.18: Percentage Frequency Of Plant Species Recorded During Survey..................... 61 Table 4.19: Common Avifauna Around The Site................................................................. 62 Table 4.20:Number Of Households And Population ............................................................ 63 Table 4.21: Population Male, Female And Sex Ratio........................................................ 64 Table 4.22: Literacy Status................................................................................................. 64 Table 5.1: Pollutant Sources And Characteristics ................................................................ 71 Table 5.2 Diesel Generator Set Specifications .................................................................. 74 Table 5.3 - Emission Rates From Diesel Generator Set........................................................ 74 Table 5.4: Noise Levels Generated From Construction Equipment ...................................... 75 Table 5.5 Noise Limits For Appliances And Construction Equipment At Manufacturing Stage ................................................................................................................................... 76 Table 5.6: Estimate Of Rain Water Harvesting .................................................................... 86 Table 5.7: Expected Wastewater Characteristics And Pollution Load .................................. 88 Table 5.8: Discharge Norms For Wastewater ...................................................................... 90 Table 5.9: Expected Waste Characteristics And Load.......................................................... 91
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Table 5.10: Estimated Waste Generation In Ambi Mall For Different Activities.................. 92 Table 5.11: Waste Composition Construction Phase ......................................................... 93 Table 6.1: Identification Of Impacts During Construction And Operation Phase.................. 95 Table 6.2: Noise Propagation From Construction Activities .............................................. 105 Figure 6.7: Attenuation Of Resultant Noise Level Of Diesel Generator Sets...................... 106 Table 6.3: Summary Matrix Of Predicted Impacts Due To Ambi Mall Project .................. 117 Table 7.1: Summary Of Potential Impacts And Mitigation Measures................................. 122 Table 7.2: Dust Control Plan ............................................................................................. 127 Table 7.3 Species To Be Used For Air Pollution Abatement Via Greenbelt Development ......................................................................................................................................... 129 Table 7.4: Suggested Trees For Green Belt Development ................................................. 140 Table 7.5: Suggested Monitoring Program For Ambi Mall ............................................... 145 Table 7.6 Record Keeping Requirements........................................................................... 146
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.0: Land Use In Immediate Vicinity.......................................................................... 2 Figure 2.1: Location Of The Project Site ............................................................................. 10 Figure 2.2: Status Of Developments In The Constraint Area ............................................... 11 Figure 2.3: Surrounding Features Around The Site.............................................................. 12 Figure 2.4: Percentage Wise Distribution Of Landuse ......................................................... 16 Figure 4.1: Wind Rose ........................................................................................................ 36 Figure 4.3a: Traffic Count (To & Fro) Performed On Nelson Mandela Road On The 1st Day ........................................................................................................................................... 47 Figure 4.5 : Ground Water Quality In The Area................................................................... 51 Figure 4.6 : Water Sampling Locations ............................................................................... 53 Figure 4.7 : Soils Of Delhi .................................................................................................. 56 Figure 4.8 : Employment Pattern......................................................................................... 65 Figure 5.1 : Ater Balance Flow Chart .................................................................................. 87 Figure 6.1 : Modeling Grid Of Ambi Mall Site.................................................................... 98 Figure 6.2 : Predicted Spatial Distribution Of Spm (G/M3) During Construction Phase ... 100 Figure 6.3 : Predicted Spatial Distribution Of Spm (G/M3) From Dg-Sets....................... 101 Figure 6.4 : Predicted Spatial Distribution Of So 2 (G/M3) From Dg-Sets......................... 102 Figure 6.5 : Predicted Spatial Distribution Of Nox (G/M3) From Dg-Sets ........................ 103 Figure 6.6 : Predicted Spatial Distribution Of Co (G/M3) From Dg-Sets.......................... 104 Figure 7.1 : Schematic Flow Diagram Of Treatment Facilities .......................................... 135 Figure 7.2 : Flow Diagram For Energy Conservation......................................................... 143
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ABBREVIATIONS
AQSRN BDL BIS BOD CAP CEC CGWB CHP CO COD CPCB CTE CTO dB dB(A) DDA DMP DOC DPCC DUAC EC ECC ECG EIA EMP EMS ENT EPA EPH EPR GLC GSR HS ICU IMD IS LPG MCD MoEF MS MSL MVA MVR NA NAAQS NAMP Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise Below Detectable Limit Bureau of Indian Standards Biological Oxygen Demand Corrective Action Plan Cation Exchange Capacity Central Ground Water Board Combined Heat & Power Carbon Monoxide Chemical Oxygen Demand Central Pollution Control Board Consent To Establish Consent To Operate Decibel Empirical Measure for Noise, Decibel Delhi Development Authority Disaster Management Plan Diesel Oxidation Catalysts Delhi Pollution Control Committee Delhi Urban Art Commission Environmental Clearance Emergency Control Center Electro-Cardio Gram Environmental Impact Assessment Environment Management Plan Environment Management System Ear, Nose & Throat Environment Protection Agency Environmental Public Hearing Environment Protection Rules Ground Level Concentration Government Safety Rules High School Intensive Care Unit Indian Meteorological Department Indian Standards Liquid Petroleum Gas Municipal Corporation of Delhi Ministry of Environment & Forests Middle School Mean Sea Level Motor Vehicle Act Motor Vehicle Rules Non Agricultural National Ambient Air Quality Standards National Air Monitoring Programme vii
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NCEPC NCRPB NEP NH NIHL NOX NOC OSHA PHED PPE PRV PS PUCC REIA RMC RPM RSPM SAR SO2 SPL SPM SS STP SWM TDS TIFAC ULB UN VOC
National Committee on Environmental Planning & Coordination National Capital Region Planning Board National Environment Policy National Highway Noise Induced Hearing Loss Oxides of Nitrogen No Objection Certificate Occupation Safety & Health Administration Public Health Engineering Department Personal Protective Equipment Pressure Relief Valve Primary School Pollution Under Control Certificate Rapid Environment Impact Assessment Ready Mix Concrete Respirable Particulate Matter Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter Sodium Absorption Ratio Sulphur Dioxide Sound Pressure Level Suspended Particulate Matter Suspended Solids Sewage Treatment Plant Solid Waste Management Total Dissolved Solids Technology, Information, Forecasting & Assessment Council Urban Local Bodies United Nations Volatile Organic Compound
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EIA Executive Summary Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION Ambience Developers Pvt. Ltd is developing a shopping mall (Ambi mall) at Vasant Kunj, Phase II area, New Delhi. The approximate plot area of the mall is 33415 sq.m and would be completed in a period of 24 months from the commencement of construction. The project will be developed according to the highest International standards and will offer well designed and comfortable retailing to its immediate catchment area as well as the area beyond. Ambi Mall is positioned to offer to its customer a complete family outing experience with a liberal throw of entertainment and eating out options. The complex is planned on proper building concept, with state of art technology to optimize energy requirement, entitled user access and adequate safety of the premises. The globally accepted norms have been used for services and communication infrastructure. It has been claimed by DPCC that the project is a Designated Project under Schedule-I of the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification No. 60(E) dated 27.01.1994 as amended vide Notification No.801 (E) dated 07.07.2004 and requires Environmental Clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). Ambience Developers Pvt. Ltd has engaged the services of SENES Consultants India Private Limited (SENES) for carrying out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study incorporating Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Emergency Response Plan (ERP) for their shopping mall project in Vasant Kunj, Delhi. The methodology for EIA first aims at establishing the baseline environmental setting of the delineated study area, and then assess the potential impacts of the proposed project components on different environmental components, develop adequate and feasible mitigation measures (via revising of project design and layout, working practices, adopting cleaner development mechanism or to compensate where appropriate) and to keep residual impacts within acceptable limits and develop monitoring and measures as and when necessary inorder to ensure successful implementation. The Executive Summary summarizes the findings of the EIA study undertaken in accordance with the EIA guidelines on developmental projects provided by MoEF. The summary is intended to provide an overview of the key environmental issues and also list the measures recommended to attenuate the impacts. PROJECT LOCATION AND SETTINGS The proposed shopping mall site is located in the constraint area of 92 hectares of land at Vasant kunj, Phase II situated between the latitude 283224.6N and longitude 770920E.
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The project site comprises of the already existing Hotel Grand, CRPF Auditorium, International Centre of Alternate Dispute Resolution, Sri Ram Vithal Siksha Sewa Samiti, Institute of Studies in Industrial Development etc. It is surrounded by posh residential areas such as Vasant Vihar, Anand Niketan, Shanti Niketan, Vasant Kunj, Moti Bagh etc. The site is bounded on the 4 sides up in the immediate vicinity by the following: East: The Nelson Mandela road lies on the east alongwith the 18m wide periphery road which in turn is linked with the outer Ring road to the North and Mehrauli NH-8 Link road to the South. The Jawaharlal Nehru University is situated within two km from the site. West: The vast expanse of the 650 acre Aravali Biodiversity Park lies in the west along with the 18m wide periphery road. North: Proposed shopping mall of DLF at Plot No 3 lies to the North of the site.
South: Proposed office cum guest house for Maruti Udyog Limited and Bharti Enterprises
(Air Tel) at Plot No.1 lies to the South of the Project site. Map showing location of the project site and surrounding features is given in Figure E.1
PROJECT COMPONENTS The site for the shopping mall encompasses about 33415 sq.mt (8.25 acres) of land. The proposed ground floor area including atrium area is 12599.8 sq. mt. The total covered area of the entire floors is 41960.19 sq. mt excluding parking and service area in basements and multilevel car parking. The Table E.1 gives detail of the proposed landuse for the project.
TABLE E.1: PROPOSED LANDUSE OF THE PROJECT
S.No. 1 2 3
Landuse Built up area Landscaping/Open Area Roads
Area (sq.m.) 12600 17315 3500 33415
% of the total 37.70% 51.81% 10.47% 100
The Commercial, Entertainment and Cultural establishments planned for the building is detailed below: Basements Ground Floor First Floor Second Floor Third Floor - Parking and Services (Multi-level Parking Block) - Shopping, Retail & Beverage - Shopping, Retail & Beverage - Shopping, Retail & Beverage - Shopping, Food Court, Restaurants, Family Entertainment Center and Cinema with Multiple Screens
The Project would be designed as the most modern shopping mall building in India, with state of art technology and infrastructure. The infrastructure and facilities planned for the
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Ambi Mall are highlighted below: COMMERCIAL Specific areas have been earmarked for shopping plazas as well as for restaurants and food and beverage joints. A multiplex having 4 screens has been planned. PARKING Parking facility for 1772 vehicles would be provided in three successive basements, ground floor and the first floor of multilevel car block. POWER SUPPLY The power requirement for the complex is estimated to be at 10 MW. This is based on the following parameters: Building would be fully centrally air conditioned Cinema halls and other facilities.
It is assumed that BSES Rajdhani shall provide requisite power load through 11 KV HT supply through two independent (1 W + 1 SB) 11 KV underground service feeders from their existing 11 KV ring main terminating in HT panel. CAPTIVE POWER GENERATION Captive power generation units, if required will be provided for the emergency back up power requirement through nine DG sets of 1500 KVA to be located in the basement of the complex. The generators will be provided with scrubbers that will help in reduction of Sulphur content thereby improving the quality of air,
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FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
As per the National building code, the complex falls under high occupancy category of group E. Fire Fighting mechanism for the shopping mall comprises of six components i) Fire detection system ii) Fire fighting system iii) Fire Hydrant System (iv) Fire Department Connection v) Sprinkler System and vi) Portable Fire Extinguishers.
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE SYSTEM
As per assurance given by Delhi Development Authority (DDA) at the time of auction of the project under reference in December, 2003, Delhi Jal Board (DJB) would be supplying water to meet the requirements of the shopping mall complex. However, in case of failure of DJB, water requirements are planned to be met partly by tankers and partly by rainwater harvesting by way of collecting the rain water in the specifically built reservoirs, which would be duly treated before use in the shopping mall complex otherwise it will be recharged to the ground to augment the water table in the area. Water recycling through treatment of wastewater would be used for flushing, landscaping and other purposes inside the project area. These measures are meant to supplement the water requirements of the project. Water tankers would supplement the water requirements in case of any emergency and/or failure of water supply by DJB. The water distribution system for domestic, flushing, washing and for other usages for lower floor in the complex shall be fed by gravity and the upper three floors by hydro-pneumatic system. There will be separate pipelines for the domestic and flushing/other uses. It is proposed to install a sewage treatment plant of capacity 1,50,000 litres per day, to recover the recycled water of quality suitable for use as make up water for flushing, landscaping, diesel generator cooling system, scrubber system and other non-domestic requirements. The process proposed to be adopted is high efficiency aerobic treatment scheme based on SAFF principal using fine bubble diffused aeration. It occupies less space and is an efficient process.
HVAC AND BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM
The air conditioning system shall be with air cooled chillers instead of water cooled chillers to restricts and conserve the water requirements of the complex. It shall comprise of multiple water chilling machines with screw compressors, primary chilled water and secondary chilled water pump sets (each including one as standby), air handling units, chilled water and condensate drain piping, air distribution system within the AHU room, electrical control panels, cabling, wiring, control wiring and earthing. Complete air distribution system shall be provided for all common areas.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
The complex shall have latest communication infrastructure with both online and offline transmission facilities.
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FIGURE E.1: LOCATION MAP OF PROJECT SITE OF AMBIENCE
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ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE STUDY AREA The study area for the proposed development is within a radius of 5 km from the center of the development site since most of the potential impacts are most likely to occur within this area. Further, a buffer area extending to 10 km radii from the site has also been studied, though with a lesser degree of detail. The baseline study and primary data collection was carried out during the winter season, 2005. For this EIA study, the following environmental components were incorporated: Air Environment (Meteorology, ambient air quality, noise levels, traffic pattern and profiling) Water Environment (Potential water sources, Surface and Groundwater Quality) Land Environment (Geology, Geo-hydrology, Landuse & cropping pattern, solid waste generation and characteristics) Biological Environment (Flora & Fauna) Socio-economic environment (Demographic profile, Occupational structure, Educational status, Health care facilities, literacy status, etc.) The baseline status collated from analysis of secondary and primary data is summarized in the Table E-2 below. TABLE E-2: BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS ATTRIBUTE
Climate
BASELINE STATUS
Delhi experiences an extreme type of climate. The mean daily minimum temperature is in the month of January (6C) while the mean daily maximum temperature occurs in June (27.5C). The annual rainfall at most of the places of the district is around 794.0 mm. Ambient air quality was monitored at 5 locations within 2 km radius of the project site. SPM and RSPM & CO at all location were above the prescribed standards whereas all the other parameters were within the prescribed standards of CPCB. The high background of SPM levels can be attributed mainly to high vehicular traffic and dust blown by commercial activities. Noise levels at all locations are within the prescribed limits stipulated for commercial area (65 dB (A), Residential area (55dB (A) for daytime and within the prescribed limits (55 dB (A) and (45 dB (A) for night time.. Water samples were collected from 3 locations, analysed and compared with IS:10500: 1991 standards. Total dissolved solids and total hardness exceeded the prescribed limits. The proposed site area is part of the Yamuna basin comprising of the newer alluvium. It comprises mainly of fine to medium sands, silts, gravel, clay and canker. The surface beds are admixed with wind blown sediments of recent age. These alluvial sediments are known to be underlined by hard formations of Delhi system of rock. The general slope of the area is towards north and north-east. The area is drained by a small streamlet, which flows towards north and north-east. The water-shed is slightly elongated aligning south to
Ambient Air Quality
Noise Levels
Water Quality
Ground Availability
water
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ATTRIBUTE
BASELINE STATUS
north direction. In the project area, studies were undertaken to document the chemical quality of ground water before, during and after recharge periods. The results indicated that the water was suitable for drinking. The proposed project does not envisage the use of ground water at any stage. Physiographically, Delhi consists of Yamuna flood Plain, the old Khaddar (earlier flood plain), and the Bhangar (upper alluvial plain). Major parts are covered by Yamuna alluvial soils. Majority of the areas is covered by fine to coarse loamy soils with different levels of moisture retention capacity. The soils of the Delhi area are mostly light with subordinate amount of medium texture soils. The light texture soils are represented by sandy, loamy, sand and sandy loam; whereas medium texture soils are represented by loam silty loam. The project site soil profile shows the soil as effected having high table landssaline phase The study area does not show any significant development and diversity of flora and fauna. There is no Reserve Forest in the 5 km radius. No presence of Wild animals in the area. Fauna in study area is not diverse in nature. Typical species of fauna & flora were recorded. There are no endangered or rare species of flora or fauna The site for the Ambi Mall encompasses about 33415 sq.mt (8.25 acres) of land. The proposed ground floor area including atrium area is 12599.8 sq. mt. The total covered area of the entire floor is 41960.19 sq. mt excluding parking and service area in basement and multilevel car parking. Vasant Kunj falls within the administrative confines of Najafgarh zone of South West Delhi. According to 2001 census, the population of Vasant Kunj is 74,490 persons. Najafgarh zone comprises of a total population of 743116 persons, which is 5.3 % of the population of NCT Delhi (13.8 million). A random survey was carried out in Vasant Vihar, Vasant Kunj, Munirka, JNU Campus, Vasant Continental, Hotel Grand and in two settlements in the immediate vicinity. - Masoodpur Dairy (an urban village located within Vasant Kunj residential area) and Coolie camp (a Jhuggi Jhopadi Basti) to ascertain the socio-economic aspects of the people in the area and get their perspective on the proposed project.
Soil Quality
Biological Environment
Land-use
Socio-economy
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Before impact assessment of different environmental components is undertaken, it is pertinent to highlight the major issues of concerns emerging from the analysis of prevailing baseline environmental conditions and all project activities planned during construction and operational stage. The major project activities can broadly be categorized under construction and operational phase of the project implementation. The major issues related to this project are summaried below:
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Air
During construction phase, the major air pollutant of prime concern is SPM/ RSPM as impacts of other emissions such as SO2, NOx, and CO will not be significant because the nature of sources is such that the emissions are distributed spatially and as well as temporal. The prevailing SPM/ RSPM concentrations are already high therefore dust emissions from construction activities shall require comprehensive mitigation measures and best construction practices. During operational period, the SO2 and NOx emissions from DG sets (power back-up units) and NOx and CO emissions from vehicular tailpipe (particularly during peak hour) shall require mitigation planning in case impacts on GLC are significant. Thus for SO2 and NOx emissions from D.G. sets, optimal cost effective mitigation measures comprising of established D.G. technologies, diesel sulphur contents, use of natural dilution by raising stack height and/ or attenuating through landuse planning (higher attenuation due to green belt) have been planned. Besides this, the generator sets will be provided with scrubbers, which would help in reducing the Sulphur content thereby improving the quality of air. With regards to concern from vehicular emissions, the exhaust emissions due to rise in peak hour traffic will be mitigated by adopting traffic demand management measures and additional road infrastructure has been planned by the DDA to meet the increased traffic loads by redesigning Nelson Mandela Road and making it signal free. Besides this a signal free one way circular road has been provided by DDA around the complex. Noise The ambient noise levels within the proposed project area were found to be within permissible limits. The noise emitted from heavy duty construction equipments during construction period being high shall require occupational preventive measures and temporary noise barriers for noise attenuation. The construction period being two year duration mitigation requirement becomes significant. During operational period the major noise pollution source will be DG sets and surrounding traffic activity. In order to prevent adverse noise exposure to the occupants, optimal mix of mitigation measures such as low noise generation units, acoustic enclosures, and noise barriers has been planned. Water environment The main source of water for domestic use would be the water supply by Delhi Jal Board as per assurance given by DDA at the time of auction of plot for the project under reference. Ground water will not be used at any stage of the project. However, in case of failure of DJB, water requirements are planned to be met partly by tankers and partly by rainwater harvesting by way of collecting the rain water in the specifically built reservoirs, which would be duly treated before use in the shopping mall complex otherwise it will be recharged to the ground to augment the water table in the area. Water recycling through treatment of wastewater would be used for flushing, landscaping and other purposes inside the project area. In addition, rainwater is also planned to be stored and treated before reuse for the project needs.
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These measures are meant to supplement for the project water requirement. The water usage details are given below: Domestic Water Demand Flushing Demand Process Water Demand - Recoverable for STP - Non Recoverable : : : : 77100 Litres per day 56200 Litres per day 12000 Litres per day 40000 Litres per day 52000 Litres per day 145300 Litres per day 123500 Litres per day 15300 Litres per day 43452 Litres per day 58752 Litres per day 18348 Litres per day
Total Wastewater Generated Recovery from STP Water available for recharging to ground water table Rainwater Potential Total Water available for recharging to ground water table Net Water stress
: : : : : :
The project proponent have taken various steps for conservation of water like providing 3 litres capacity WC flushing cistern, sensor operated urinals with economical water closets to minimize the wastage of water. Water tankers would supplement for water requirement in case of any emergency and/or failure of water supply from DJB. Waste Management During the construction and operational phase of the project, collection and handling of domestic solid waste would be done as per provisions of the Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000. The philosophy of solid waste management at the shopping mall will be to encourage the four Rs of waste i.e. waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and recovery (materials & energy). The shopping mall project has a potential to generate other waste besides solid waste during its construction and operational phases and such waste generation would be properly monitored and managed. During the operational phase, management of the solid waste will focus on the Segregation/Sorting, Storage at source and Collection of the wastes. Separate bins are planned to be maintained for various categories of wastes like Biodegradable, NonBiodegradable, and Paper/Plastics etc. This will reduce in lesser reliance on land filling. Regular public awareness meetings will be conducted to involve the occupants and the employees to ensure proper segregation, storage, collection, treatment and disposal of waste. The Recyclables from the shopping mall would be given to the waste itinerant buyers or rag pickers, whereas segregated bio-degradable waste and inert cum mixed waste shall be sent to the nearest landfill site for processing and final disposal. Wastes, such as spent oils, paint residues etc. from the site would be collected separately & would be properly disposed off
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Biological Environment The prevailing biological environment in the study area (terrestrial/ aquatic) is not of significance as no forest of ecological value or surface water body is located within the impact zone. However, the project will provide quality ambience with natural setting, well planned green belt and open spaces so that it not only enhances the quality of life of the occupants but also improve the micro-climatic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Environmental impacts due to the construction and operation stages of the project were predicted quantitatively using models such as ISC3 for air dispersion calculations, noise propagation equations for noise impacts. Impacts were also evaluated qualitatively using engineering judgment and best management practices. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Adequate environmental management measures will be incorporated during the entire planning, construction and operating stages of the project to minimize any adverse environmental impact and assure sustainable development of the area. Summary of the EMPs are also presented in Table E-3 along with the corresponding impacts. The EMPs that will be put into place consist of those during construction and operating stages of the project and includes the following elements: Sewage Treatment and Management Solid Waste Management Air Pollution Control and Management Noise Control and Management Storm water management Plantation, Landscaping and Land Management Management of Social Issues Occupational, Safety and Health issues Energy conservation Environmental monitoring Emergency Response Plans for emergency scenarios Environmental Management System For the effective and consistent functioning of the Ambi Mall complex, an Environmental Management System (EMS) will be established at the site. The EMS will include the following:
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An Environmental Management cell Environmental Monitoring Program Personnel Training Regular Environmental Audits and Corrective Action Documentation Standard operating procedures Environmental Management Plans and other records.
CONCLUSION Based on the environmental assessment, the associated potential adverse environmental impacts can be mitigated to an acceptable level by adequate implementation of the measures as stated in the EIA and EMPs. It can be concluded from the impact matrix that the project will not have significant negative environmental impacts but would help in improving the socio-economic conditions in the surrounding area.
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EIA Executive Summary
Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi
TABLE E-3: SUMMARY MATRIX OF PREDICTED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

SR. NO. 1. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS Groundwater Quality POTENTIAL IMPACTS Ground contamination water POTENTIAL SOURCE OF IMPACT Construction Phase Waste water generated from Labor settlements CONTROLS THROUGH EMP & DESIGN Wastewater channel from the site would be connected to the septic tank. IMPACT EVALUATION No significant impact as negligible quantities generated as majority of laborers would be deployed locally
Operation Phase Sewage treatment through SAFF process
Sewage sludge to be used as manure for landscaping and greenbelt development
No negative impact on ground water quality envisaged. Not significant
2.
Groundwater Quantity
Ground Water Depletion
Construction Phase Use of Tanker Water for construction activity. Operation Phase Surface Water is the main source of water supply to the project during operation
No extraction of Ground water allowed Rain Water Harvesting Scheme Waste water treatment and reuse Storm water collection and water harvesting Awareness Campaign for reduced water use by employee and visitors Silt traps and other measures such as, additional on-site diversion ditches will be constructed to control surface run-off during site development.
No impact on ground water quantity envisaged. No impact on ground water quantity envisaged as there would be no extraction of groundwater at any stage of the project.
3.
Surface Water Quality
Surface water contamination
Construction Phase Surface runoff from site during construction activity.
No off site impact envisaged as no surface water receiving body nearby.
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SR. NO.
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
POTENTIAL IMPACTS
POTENTIAL SOURCE OF IMPACT Operation Phase Discharge of domestic wastewater to surface water body.
CONTROLS THROUGH EMP & DESIGN Domestic water treatment scheme developed to treat the wastewater so that it can be reused for greenbelt development and other activities
IMPACT EVALUATION
No off site impact envisaged
3.
Air Quality
Dust Emissions
Construction Phase All heavy construction activities.
Suitable control measures will be adopted as per a dust control plan.
Not significant because dust generation will be temporary and will settle fast due to dust suppression techniques used
Emissions of SPM, SO2, NOx and CO
Construction Phase Operation of construction equipment and vehicles during site development.
Emission control particle filters on construction equipment. Rapid on site construction and improved maintenance of equipment.
Not significant as majority of dust is generated from material handling, and tailpipe emissions from construction vehicles are minimal in comparison to nearby main road.
Operation Phase Power generation through D.G Set Operations.
Use of ultra low Sulphur diesel and NOx retarder if required. The DG sets would be provided with scrubbers, which will reduce the Sulphur content and thereby improve the quality of air. Green belt to be provided with specific species reducing SPM levels.
Not significant as D.G. set would be used as power back up (2-4 hours/ day). Individual stack with an increased height will lower all pollutant concentrations.
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SR. NO. 4.
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS Noise Environment
POTENTIAL IMPACTS Noise emissions
POTENTIAL SOURCE OF IMPACT Construction Phase Operation of construction equipment and vehicles during site development.
CONTROLS THROUGH EMP & DESIGN Use of well-maintained equipment fitted with silencers. Providing noise shields near the heavy construction operations Construction activity will be limited to daytime hours only.
IMPACT EVALUATION
Not significant as residential areas are located at least 450 m away from the site, and noise levels from construction mingle with background at a distance of 400 meters.
Operation Phase Noise from vehicles movement Noise from D.G. sets operations
Green Belt Development and development of silence zones for traffic movement. Providing acoustic enclosures and wall surrounding D.G sets
Not significant as increase is minimal.
Short-term exposure within permissible limit.
5.
Land Environment
Soil contamination
Construction Phase Disposal of construction Debris Operation Phase Dumping of municipal solid waste on land.
Construction debris will be collected and suitably used on site as per construction waste management plan. Proposed solid waste management system for waste collection, Storage and Segregation. Waste will be transported to the municipal landfill site for treatment and disposal. Waste oil generated will be sold to authorized recyclers
Impact will be local, as any waste generated will be reused for construction activities. Not significant. No Significant Impact
Waste oil handling from D.G sets
Negligible impact
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SR. NO. 6.
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS Biological Environment (Flora and Fauna)
POTENTIAL IMPACTS Displacement of Flora and Fauna on site
POTENTIAL SOURCE OF IMPACT Construction Phase Site Development during construction. Operation Phase Increase of Green Cover
CONTROLS THROUGH EMP & DESIGN Any important plant species (if any) in the area will be identified and marked
IMPACT EVALUATION The proposed site is devoid of any vegetation. Surrounding areas have sparse vegetation. Positive Impact
7.
Socio-Economic Environment
Population displacement and loss of Income
Construction Phase No displacement of population. Operation Phase Site operation
Suitable green belt will be developed as per landscaping plan in and around the site using local flora, which will enhance the ecology. DDA is also planning a green belt of about 50m width in between the Nelson Mandela road
No negative impact
8.
Traffic Pattern
Increase of Vehicular traffic
Construction Phase Heavy Vehicular movement during construction
Project will provide employment opportunities during construction and operations phase. Providing shopping and recreational space in Delhi Heavy Vehicular movement will be restricted to day time only and adequate parking facility will be provided.
Beneficial Impact
No negative Impact
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SR. NO.
POTENTIAL IMPACTS
POTENTIAL SOURCE OF IMPACT Operation Phase Traffic due to people visiting the shopping mall once the site is operational.
CONTROLS THROUGH EMP & DESIGN Vehicular movement will be regulated inside the site with adequate roads and parking of 1772 vehicles in the 3 level basements and multilevel car parking. .No of drop in and pick up points have been provided for free flow of traffic within the site. Three exit and entry points are planned. Signal free circular road will be provided by DDA for entering the Vasant Kunj shopping mall complex. Nelson Mandela is being redesigned for easing the increasing traffic.
IMPACT EVALUATION
No negative Impact
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Environmental Impact Assessment
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Ambience Developers Pvt. Ltd with its foray into the world of real estate development is developing a shopping mall (Ambi mall) at Vasant Kunj, Phase II Area, New Delhi. The approximate plot area of the mall is 33415 sq m and would be completed in a period of about 24 months of commencement of construction. The project will be developed according to the highest International standards and will offer well designed and comfortable retailing to its immediate catchment area as well as the area beyond. Ambi Mall is positioned to offer to its customer a complete family outing experience with a liberal throw of entertainment and eating out options. A total of 92 hectares of land as plots in the Vasant Kunj area was allotted/auctioned by DDA in phases for commercial/institutional development purposes. The total cost of the project is approximately 750 crores including the cost of land of Rupees 352.98crores. The landuse in the immediate vicinity showing the project site is given in Figure 1.0. Other existing complexes within this area are Hotel Grand, Hill View Apartments, CRPF Auditorium, International Center of Alternate Dispute Resolution, Sri Ram Vithal Siksha Sewa Samiti, Institute of Studies in Industrial Development, Kusumpur Village, National Book Trust, School of Planning and Architect, Guest House for Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, TERI School for Advanced Studies, Centre for Agriculture and Irrigation, K.K. Birla Academy etc. The project would have retail outlets, anchor stores, multi screen cinemas, recreational facilities for adults and children, food courts, landscaped green spaces and three level basement for parking and services that will fill the space. It will have exclusive showrooms of International brands. Ambi Mall will provide for the first time in India a top of the line experience of exclusiveness in shopping besides offering other things. The complex is planned on proper building concept, with state of art technology to optimize energy requirement, entitled user access and adequate safety of the premises. The globally accepted norms have been used for services and communication infrastructure. It has been claimed by DPCC that the project is a Designated Project under Schedule-I of the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification No. 60(E) dated 27.01.1994 as amended vide Notification No.801 (E) dated 07.07.2004 and requires Environmental Clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). The purpose of this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is to provide information on the nature and extent of potential environmental impacts, both negative & positive, during the construction and operation phase of the proposed project and related activities taking place concomitantly.
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FIGURE 1.0: LAND USE IN IMMEDIATE VICINITY
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1.1
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the EIA study are as follows: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) To describe the proposed project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out the proposed development; To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be affected by the proposed developments; To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its surroundings. To identify and quantify emission sources and determine the significance of impacts on sensitive receptors. To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction and usage of the project in relation to the sensitive receptors. To develop an Environmental Management Plan that identifies the negative impacts and develop mitigation measures so as to minimize pollution, environmental disturbance and nuisance during construction and operations of the development. To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted. STRUCTURE OF THE EIA REPORT
vii)
1.2
This EIA report presents the existing baseline scenario and the results from the assessment and evaluation of the environmental impacts that may arise during the construction and operation of the proposed development. Following impact prediction, the requirement for mitigation measures to address any unacceptable environmental impacts are presented. This report also highlights the Environmental Monitoring Program considered to be necessary during the construction and operational phase. The content of the report is as follows: Executive Summary: Summary of the EIA report Chapter 1: Introduction and Objective of the Study Chapter 2: Project Description Chapter 3: Legal and Administrative Framework Chapter 4: Baseline Environmental Status Chapter 5: Pollution Sources, Characteristics and Quantification Chapter 6: Impact Prediction and Assessment Chapter 7: Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Chapter 8: Emergency Response Plan
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The proposed shopping mall site is located in the constraint area of 92 hectares of land at Vasant Kunj, Phase II area, which comprises of the already existing Hotel Grand, CRPF Auditorium, International Centre of Alternate Dispute Resolution, Sri Ram Vithal Siksha Sewa Samiti, Institute of Studies in Industrial Development etc. It is surrounded by posh residential areas such as Vasant Vihar, Anand Niketan, Shanti Niketan, Vasant Kunj, Moti Bagh etc. The plot under consideration is a narrow strip of land separated into two divisions. The larger strip of land is about 800m long adjoining the Nelson Mandela road and comprises of sub plots 1 to 5B. The smaller strip adjoins the Biodiversity Park and comprises of sub plot 6 and 7 as shown in Figure 1. The building will comprise of three basements and four upper floor complexes. The basements will be meant for services and parking purposes. The upper floors will house the retail shops, restaurants and multiplex. In the upper four floors, public circulation will be around full height (upto 4th floor level) atriums, keeping shops/restaurants facing the atrium and at the same time most of the shops will have external facades giving sufficient signage opportunity. In addition to main building blocks, the project shall comprise of multi level car parking block and a good part of the plot area is to be developed as landscaped open greens. The Commercial, Entertainment and Cultural Establishments planned for the building is detailed below: Basements Ground Floor First Floor Second Floor Third Floor Parking and Services Shopping, Retail & Beverage Shopping, Retail & Beverage Shopping, Retail & Beverage Shopping, Food Court, Restaurants, Family Entertainment Center and Cinema with Multiple Screens
The mall will have professional mall management and will be designed to ensure maximum footfalls. It will be centrally air-conditioned by air cooled chillers with power back up and will have electronic as well as manned security systems and intelligent fire-fighting system, building automation and advanced sewage treatment and water recycling system and water recharging facilities. It will have multi-level basement and independent multi level carparking area, open parking bays, entrance ramps, lifts, toilets and washroom. The building is further planned to segregate vehicular and pedestrian traffic, as well as business and casual traffic through landscaping and traffic planning. The complex will offer parking for about 1772 vehicles in the multi level parking zones with adequate entry points and spacious bays.
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The building details are given in Table 2.1. The mandatory outer built form is guided by DDA including profile (i.e. building envelope), architectural features and internal atrium.
TABLE 2.1: BUILDING DETAILS CHART
S.No 1 2
Description Site Area Ground Coverage (Ground Floor Area + Atrium Area) Atrium Area F.A.R. (Builtup Floor Area G+3) Ground Floor First Floor Second Floor Third Floor Projection Total Multilevel Block 2(P) 4160sqm x 2 Floors Ground Floor First Floor Total Basement (UB+LB1+LB2) Upper Basement Lower 1 Basement Lower 2 Basement Total Building Height Mandatory Parking
Permissible (Sq.m) 33415.0 12600.0
Proposed to be achieved (Sq.m) 12599.89
3 4
2127.0 42000.0
2127.0
42000.0 8320.0
11003.91 10563.18 10355.00 9693.45 344.64 41960.19
8320.0 12910.0 29875.0 29875.0 72660.0 17 m + Additional Height for Cinemas 1200 ECS
4160.0 4160.0 8320.0 12908.78 29853.56 29853.56 72615.9 17.00 m + (5m for Cinema) 1772
7 8
Architectural control will ensure pedestrian access to all buildings at the street as well as plaza level. No compound wall around the plot separating two independent plots is envisaged and the continuity of landscape with specified pedestrian entry points is to be maintained as per control.
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The need for the proposed project arises to meet the commercial space requirements of the city and to stop the menace of unauthorized commercialization of the residential areas with the retail revolution that has spread geographically in India. Organized retail accounts for just 3% of the countrys total retail sales, though it is poised to grow by 97% per year in the next five years. Fuelling this growth are Indias sprawling shopping malls, which are increasingly challenging high street stores, corner shops and village market alike. Just five years ago there were shopping arcades but no malls. Today there are nearly 100 big shopping malls in the country, more than half of them are in the Metros. In two years there will be 360 malls across the country. More than 20 are in various stages of development in Delhi and Mumbai. Developers and promoters of malls believe that the face of the industry is about to dramatically change. As soon as the government allows foreign investors to get in on the act, it would ultimately benefit the consumer. Foreign direct investment will not only expand the market but will also bring in competition and business and it is likely to get more innovative. To grow retail promotion of India as a shopping destination for International shoppers a lot needs to be done and to do that, it is needed to give Indian retail an Indian face: The malls, the markets, the offerings etc.
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The proposed shopping mall development has been planned as a result of the present boom in the retail market and need of planned and organized shopping areas in the city. The total cost of the project is approximately 750 crores including the cost of land of Rupees 352.98crores. The project would be financed from Ambience Developers Private Ltd through its internal resources, promoters contribution and with loans from banks and financial institutions. The project will be implemented over a span of 24 months of commencement of construction, the detailed implementation schedule is provided in Table 2.2.
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TABLE 2.2: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Activities
M5 M6 M7 2005 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 2006 M6 2007
M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M1 M2 M3 M4
Mobilisation Earthwork Raft work Concrete work Brick work and plastering Wood work Steel work Flooring False Roofing Finishing Misc. Building work Road work Horticulture and landscaping Aluminum work Water proofing work Interior work including POP, Paint & Polish Electrical and lifts HVAC installation Fire Fighting Works Plumbing and Sanitation
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2.1
SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
The proposed shopping mall is located in the constraint area of 92 hectares at Vasant Kunj, Phase II area in New Delhi and lies between the latitude 283024.6N and longitude 770920E. The site is bounded on its four sides with immediate vicinity by the following: East: The Nelson Mandela road lies on the East which in turn is linked with the outer Ring road to the North and Mehrauli NH-8 Link road to the South. The Jawaharlal Nehru University is situated within two km from the site. West: The vast expanse of the 650 acre Aravali Biodiversity Park lies in the West along with the 18m wide periphery road. North: Proposed Shopping Mall by DLF (Plot No 3) lies to the North of the site. South: Proposed head office complex of Maruti Udyog Limited and Bharti Enterprises (Plot No.1) lies to the South of the Project site.
In 1996 DDA proposed to develop 315 hectares of land including the constraint area of 92 hectares as an International Hotel Complex. A Special Leave Petition (SLP) was filed in the Honble Supreme Court of India against the said proposal of DDA. Directions were issued by the Honble Supreme Court of India to ascertain the environmental impacts of the proposal of DDA. In the meantime in 1997 Honble Supreme Court of India passed an order that 92 hectares of land, being the constraint area undertaken for development by DDA earlier to above proposal of international hotel complex, is not covered by its earlier order and there is no restriction on construction in the constraint area of 92 hectares. The status of developments in the constraint area till date with relevant details is given in Annexure VI. The map showing location of project site is gown in Figure 2.1. The status of developments in the constraint area till date is given in Figure 2.2. The surrounding features of the project site are shown in Figure 2.3 and some photographs showing the developments near the proposed site area are presented thereafter.
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FIGURE 2.1: LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE
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FIGURE 2.2: STATUS OF DEVELOPMENTS IN THE CONSTRAINT AREA
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FIGURE 2.3: SURROUNDING FEATURES AROUND THE SITE
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Photographs of Developmental Activities Near the Project Site
The Grand at Vasant Kunj, Phase II
International Center of Alternate Dispute Resolution at Vasant Kunj, Phase II
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Institute of Studies in Industrial Development at Vasant Kunj, Phase II
Sri Sri Shankaryacharya Research Center, Vasant Kunj, Phase II
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2.2
PROJECT COMPONENTS
2.2.1 PROJECT LAYOUT AND DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT The proposed shopping mall is being built on approximately 8.25 acres of land, which was purchased from DDA in December 2003. Project planning and development of the project is underway along with requisite environmental and other clearances. The total cost of the project is approximately 750 crores including the cost of land of Rupees 352.98 crores. Ambience Developers Pvt. Ltd. will be financing the project through internal resources and with loans from banks and financial institutions. The total area details of the proposed shopping mall are given below. For other details please refer to Table 2.1. Plot Area : 33415 sq.m Ground Coverage : 12,600 sq.m Permissible FAR : 42,000 sq.m (G+3) Basement Area : 72660 sq.m ( B1+B2+B3) Atrium Area : 2127 sq.m Maximum Height : 17 m + Required Additional Height for Cinema Plinth Level : 259.0 m AMSL Mandatory Parking : 1200 ECS Multi Level Block 2(P) Floor Area : 4160 sq.m * 2 Floors
All the required approvals from various authorities, which include Airport Authority of India, Delhi Urban Art Commission (DUAC), Delhi Fire Service, Delhi Development Authority (DDA), DCP (licensing), BSES have been duly obtained and development works were started thereafter. In conjunction with the various projects happening around the area, DDA is conducting a traffic study at the Nelson Mandela road and preparing a traffic management plan to cope up with the traffic problem that may arise due to coming up of the establishments in the area. The construction of the road as per the new plan has already commenced on the Nelson Mandela Road. The road will be made signal free. 2.2.2 LANDUSE The site for the shopping mall encompasses about 33415 sq.mt (8.25 acres) of land. The proposed ground floor area including atrium area is 12599.8 sq. mt. The total covered area of the entire floors is 41960.19 sq. mt excluding parking and service area in basements and multilevel car parking. Table 2.4 gives detail of the proposed landuse for the project.
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TABLE 2.4: PROPOSED LANDUSE OF THE PROJECT
SN 1. 2. 3.
Landuse Built up area Landscaping/Open Area Roads Total
Area (sq. m) 12600 17315 3500 33415
% of the total 37.70% 51.81% 10.47% 100
FIGURE 2.4: PERCENTAGE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF LANDUSE
10% 38%
52%
Built up area
Landscaping/Open Area
Roads
2.2.3 PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES Project would be designed as the most modern shopping mall building in India, with state of art technology and infrastructure. The infrastructure and facilities planned for the Ambi Mall are highlighted below: COMMERCIAL Specific areas have been earmarked for shopping plazas as well as for restaurants and food and beverage joints. A multiplex having 4 screens for 300 persons in total is also planned.
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PARKING Parking facility for 1772 vehicles would be provided in three successive basements, ground floor and the first floor of multilevel car parking.
POWER SUPPLY The power requirement for the complex is estimated to be at 10 MW. This is based on the following parameters: Building would be fully centrally air conditioned with air cooled chillers Cinema halls and other facilities.
It is assumed that BSES Rajdhani shall provide requisite power load through 11 KV HT supply through two independent (1 W + 1 SB) 11 KV underground service feeders from their existing 11 KV ring main terminating in HT panel. CAPTIVE POWER GENERATION Captive power generation units, if required will be provided for the emergency back up power requirement through nine DG sets of 1500 KVA to be located in the basement of the complex. The generators will be connected to individual stacks and each of them will be provided with scrubbers, which will help in reducing the Sulphur content thereby improving the quality of air. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM As per the National building code, the complex falls under high occupancy category of group E. Fire fighting mechanism for the shopping mall comprises of six components i) Fire detection system ii) Fire fighting system iii) Fire Hydrant System iv) Fire Department Connection v) Sprinkler System, and vi) Portable Fire Extinguishers. Fire Detection System The fire detection system consists of the following components: Intelligent addressable type fire alarm system Smoke sensors, heat sensors, manual call stations, hooters, fault isolators, control and monitoring modules shall be provided as per codes. Common areas of the building and basements shall be provided with detectors. Provision for connectivity of detectors for interior spaces shall be made in fire alarm panel.
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Fire Fighting System The fire fighting system shall consist of the following components: Water shall be drawn from fire reserve tanks by electrically driven jockey pump, fire pump, sprinkler pump & standby diesel engine driven pump for fire hydrants and sprinkler system. All pumps shall have separate suction line from fire suction header and delivery shall be connected to the system by providing installation control valve with hydraulic alarm. The function of the pumps shall be such as to maintain 3.5 Kg/Sqcm discharge pressure at the top most hydrant. Diesel engine driven fire pump shall be of the same capacity and shall back up the electrically operated fire hydrant pump and sprinkler pump as per fire regulations. This will be operated in case of total electrical power failure or electrical pump failure. Common Jockey pump shall operate intermittently in order to take care of hydraulic losses in the system and shall maintain the minimum pressure in wet risers & sprinkler system. Fire Hydrant System The above system has the following sub tasks planned in case of emergency: Wet riser shall be provided for each floor for the entire complex with separate wet riser, tap off on each floor for connection to fire hydrant landing valve and fire hose cabinet containing first aid box, swinging hose reel, fire man's axe, 65 mm dia canvas hose and nozzles. In addition, wall / floor mounted hand-held type fire extinguishers shall be placed at suitable locations. Externally, a fire fighting ring main shall be provided around the entire complex. External yard hydrants shall be suitably located 2 meter away from the building. Necessary hosepipe and nozzles shall be placed in a closed cabinet with glass shutters at each yard hydrant. Fire Department Connection For each building, there shall be a set of fire department inlet connections (siamese) with 4 Nos. 65mm dia. male outlets, located near the entrance of each building. These inlet connections shall feed to the wet risers and also to the firewater storage tanks. These Siamese connections shall be housed in special boxes.
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Sprinkler System
Sprinklers shall be distributed so as to cover every 12 Sq.mt in basement and in all other occupied areas with one sprinkler. The common areas shall have concealed sprinklers. Sprinklers shall be provided in the entire building for the purpose of getting approval from Chief Fire Officer. However, the final user as per his interior layout may relocate sprinklers in Shops, Multiplex, Car show rooms, Food and Beverage and Anchor stores. The sprinkler pump shall be suitable for automatic operation when there is a drop of pressure in the system. Sprinklers shall be provided in all buildings through out the Complex with separate sprinkler risers. These risers shall be provided with installation control valves and hydraulic alarm in the basement. An electrical sensor switch shall be provided on each riser and connected to the fire control panel in the security room, so that it would be possible to identify the location of effected area immediately. An overhead tank will be provided on terrace of each tower to back the sprinkler system in case of failure of sprinkler system.
Portable Fire Extinguishers Portable fire extinguishers of water (Gas pressure) type of 9 liters capacity, carbon-di-oxide of 4.5 kg and 5.8 kg capacity, foam type of 9 liters capacity and DCP type of 5 kg capacity shall be provided as first aid fire extinguishing appliances. These extinguishers shall be suitably distributed in the entire Complex in accordance with IS:2190. WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE SYSTEM City water supply from Delhi Jal Board (DJB) would be the major source of water for domestic use in the mall complex. Water recycling through treatment of wastewater would be used for flushing, landscaping and other purposes inside the project area. However, in case of failure of DJB, water requirements are planned to be met partly by tankers and partly by rainwater harvesting by way of collecting the rain water in the specifically built reservoirs, which would be duly treated before use in the shopping mall complex otherwise it will be recharged to the ground to augment the water table in the area. These measures are meant to supplement for project water requirement. Water tankers would supplement for water requirement in case of any emergency and/or insufficient of water supply from DJB and rain harvesting. The water distribution system for domestic, flushing, washing and other usages for the lower floor in the complex shall be fed by gravity and the upper three floors by hydro-pneumatic system. It is proposed to install a sewage treatment plant of capacity 1,50,000 litres per day, to recover the recycled water of quality suitable for use as make up water for diesel generator cooling system, for scrubber system and for
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horticultural requirements. The process proposed to be adopted is a high efficiency aerobic treatment scheme based on the SAFF principal using fine bubble diffused aeration. It is an efficient process utilizing lesser space. It is proposed to construct raw water storage reservoirs at the basement level and in the front, rear and side set backs at third and second level basements at the project site for capacity of 16,000 kiloliters for the storage of rainwater and raw water prior to its treatment from STP. HVAC AND BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM The air conditioning system shall comprise of multiple air cooled chilling machines with centrifugal compressor, condenser water pump sets (each including one as standby), primary chilled water and secondary chilled water pump sets (each including one as standby), cooling towers, air handling units, chilled/condensing water and condensate drain piping, air distribution system within the AHU room, electrical control panels, cabling, wiring, control wiring and earthing. Complete air distribution system shall be provided for all common areas. The water chilling machines, primary chilled water pump sets, secondary chilled water pump sets, condenser water pump sets an the main AC control panel shall all be installed in the HVAC plant room in the third basement. Chilled water on the secondary side shall be pumped through insulated chilled water piping installed in shafts and above false ceiling to air handling units at different locations through pumps operating on variable frequency drive. Secondary chilled water pumps shall draw chilled water from the header and pump chilled water to their respective zones. Depending on the load of each zone, the speed of the pump shall vary proportionately through variable frequency drive, thereby, regulating the flow of chilled water to that zone. This arrangement shall ensure optimum distribution of chilled water based on zonal load conditions, thus conserving energy. Cooling towers shall be located at terrace level of the building. These shall be FRP construction induced draft type. All mechanical equipment such as chillers, pumps, AHU's and large ventilation fans shall be provided with energy efficient motors in order to attain energy savings since all these equipment shall operate for extended periods of time. The Developers Services Management Company will manage them by entering into independent service contract with the suppliers/manufacturers of these equipments/plants.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM The complex shall have latest communication infrastructure with both online and offline transmission facilities. The detailed layout plan for the proposed project is given in Figure 2.5
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3.0
3.1
LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAME WORK

INTRODUCTION
The 1972 UN Conference on Human Development at Stockholm influenced the need for a well-developed legal mechanism to conserve resources, protect the environment and ensures the health and well being of the people in India. Over the years, the Government of India has framed several policies and promulgated number of Acts, Rules and Notifications aimed at management and protection of the environment. As a result, our country now has a fairly comprehensive set of environmental legislation aimed at ensuring that the development process meets the overall objective of promoting sustainability in the long run. Moreover, the Indian Constitution has also incorporated specific articles to address environmental concerns through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment of 1976. As stated in the Constitution of India, it is the duty of the state (Article 48 A) to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country . It imposes a duty on every citizen (Article 51 A) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife. Reference to the environment has also been made in the Directive Principles of State Policy as well as the Fundamental Rights. 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
Several environmental policy statements have been formulated in the last few decades as a part of the Governments approach to integrate environmental and developmental aspects of planning. The policies reflect a gradual shift in emphasis from pollution abatement and control to proactive and voluntary approaches for pollution prevention in keeping with global paradigm shifts and trends in environment management. Following are some of the key policies that have been laid down by the Central Government: National Forest Policy, 1988; National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and Development, 1992; Policy Statement on Abatement of Pollution, 1992. Despite these policy documents, a need for a comprehensive policy statement had been evident for some time in order to infuse a common approach to the various sectoral and cross-sectoral, approaches to environmental management. As a result, a National Environment Policy (NEP, 2004) has been drawn up as a response to our National commitment to a clean environment, mandated in the Constitution in Articles 48 A and 51 A (g), strengthened by judicial interpretation of Article 21. The policy is still in draft form and address environmental concerns in all-developmental activities.
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3.3
LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR ENVIRONMENT RELATED TO CONSTRUCTION AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Construction and Infrastructure development projects are governed by various Acts, Rules and Regulations set by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) at the Central level and other regulatory agencies at the State and local level. Various environmental standards, specifications and guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State level agencies also needs to be complied with. It is important to note that the Central government framed an umbrella legislation, called the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to broadly encompass and regulate an array of environmental issues. The overall purpose of EPA is to establish an overall coherent policy and provide a basis for the coordinated work of various government agencies with operational responsibility for the environment and natural resources. This legislation also invests authorities with regulatory powers to address specific issues affecting the environment. The Act does not allow any person to establish an industry, operation or process that discharge or emit any environmental pollutants in excess of standards prescribed under specific rules and notifications. The Acts, Rules and Notifications applicable to environmental aspects of the construction and operational phases of the proposed shopping mall are summarized in the table below and described in the following sections. TABLE 3.1: SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION FOR AMBI MALL PROJECT
Legislation Areas / Activities Covered
Delhi Master Plan Regulations
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 with Rules and EIA Notification, 1994 (as amended).
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 with Rules.
Obtain permits and sanction for use of land for the shopping mall Develop shopping mall project in accordance with Landuse and Master plans and sanctioned building plans Overall Environment Protection Compliance to environmental (Air, Water, Noise) Standards issued under EPR Prepare EIA / EMP report Obtain Environmental Clearance from MoEF Take part in Environmental Public Hearing (EPH) Protection of Water Quality Discharge of sewage from the mall Obtaining Consent to Establish (NOC) for establishing and Consent to Operate (CTE) for activities causing water pollution from DPCC 22
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Water Cess Act, 1977 Centre/State Regulation Groundwater
Paying Water Cess to Local Body for sourcing of domestic water Conform to restriction for drawing of groundwater Arrange for recharge through Rainwater Harvesting Schemes (as applicable) Protection of Air Quality Consent to Establish (NOC) for establishing and Consent to Operate (CTE) for activities causing air pollution from DG sets from DPCC Compliance to National Ambient Air Quality Standard Compliance with Ambient Noise Standards in accordance to landuse of the area Management (Collection, Handling, Intermediate Storage) of domestic waste.
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 with Rules.
Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000
3.3.1 URBAN PLANNING AND LANDUSE Planned urban development is encouraged by the Central and respective State Governments and have promulgated Urban Town Planning Acts to provide for proper land use zoning for residential, commercial and industrial areas, control on slums and urban sprawl, design and development of civic amenities (such as sewerage and waste disposal) and development of Master Plans for important urban areas in their respective States. The provisions of such Acts generally regulate the following principal issues related to urban development:

Declaration of Planning Areas and constitution of Planning and Development Authorities; Formulation and statutory approval of Land Use and Development Control Plan; Manage the development of land according to Land Use and Development Control Plans; Power to acquire land for urban development under the Land Acquisition Act. Levy penalty for unauthorized development in nonconformity with plans.
Similarly for planned development of Delhi, Central Govt. has established Delhi Development Authority (DDA) under the provisions of Delhi Development Act, 1957 to undertake planning and development of urban areas under its jurisdiction. The proposed Ambi mall project is being developed on land located in constraint area at Vasant Kunj, Phase-II, New Delhi earmarked for mixed use development as per Delhi Master Plan 2021. It needs to comply the provisions of the State level acts and local bylaws by obtaining approvals from DDA, DUAC, DFS, AAI, DCP (Licensing) and BSES.
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Additionally, the Constitution has recently empowered Urban Local Bodies (Municipalities and Corporations) through the 73 rd Amendment of the Constitution to play a crucial role in development and maintenance of environment related infrastructure. 3.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE OF DEVELOPMENTAL PROJECTS The requirement involved in the setting up of select development projects (projects with potential to cause significant environmental impacts) in India is through the Environmental Clearance (EC) Process affected on the basis of an Environmental Impact Assessment study. The EC process is mandated by the EIA notification dated 27th January 1994 and is administered by the State level regulatory and government bodies (as the State Pollution Control Board and the Environment Departments) and the Ministry of Environment and Forests at the Central Government level. As per the EIA Notification No. 60(E) dated 27.01.1994 after Notification SO 801 (E) dated 07.07.2004, new, expansion or modernization of any activity falling within the 32 categories of developmental and industrial activities shall be undertaken in any part of India only after it has been accorded environmental clearance by the MoEF in accordance with the procedures specified in the notification. As per the procedures, anybody who desires to undertake any project in any part of India or expansion or modernization of any existing industry shall submit an Environmental Impact Assessment study report along with a Detailed Project Report to the EIA Division of the Ministry of Environment Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. As per the notification all projects listed under Schedule -1 are required to obtain prior environmental clearance from the MoEF, subject to certain criteria requirements. Large Commercial / Office projects for 1000 persons or discharge 50 KLD of sewage or having an investment of Rs. 50 crores have been recently brought under the ambit of the Notification through an amendment issued on 7th July, 2004. Projects requiring environmental clearance are subjected to environmental public hearing as part of EIA process per notification SO 318 (E) dated 10 April 1997. In the year 1997, DDA got carried out an Environment Impact Assessment Study as prescribed in the notification dated 27th January, 1994 in compliance with directions of the Honble Supreme Court of India in respect of the area where the proposed shopping mall is located. However, Delhi Pollution Control Committee is insisting for Environment Impact Assessment Study for establishing the proposed shopping mall as per notification dated 27th January, 1994 by inserting entry at Sr. No.32 by Notification S.O.801 (E) dated 07.07.2004 and the environmental public hearing process shall be required for the grant of Consent to Establish (also termed as the No Objection Certificate or NOC) under the Air and Water Acts. On receipt of application of Environmental Public Hearing (EPH) and Consent to Establish, the DPCC constitutes Public Hearing Panel comprising of members representing:

Delhi Pollution Control Committee; State Government department dealing with the subject; District Collector or his nominee;
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State Government department dealing with the Environmental matters; Senior Citizens from local area.
Following panel constitution, DPCC releases notice for the EPH in two local newspapers inviting objections from the bonafide people likely to be affected by a project covered under the EIA notification. Following conduct of EPH, its proceedings are then issued by DPCC to MoEF with a copy to the project proponent. 3.3.3 USAGE OF WATER AND WATER POLLUTION The use of water resources and the discharge of polluted water (sewerage) are primarily regulated by the Water Cess Act, 1977 and the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution), Cess Act, 1977 including Rules 1978 and 1991 provides for levy and collection of Cess on water consumed by the local authorities and by persons carrying on certain industries with a view to generate resources for prevention and control of water pollution. It also covers specifications on affixing of meters, furnishing of returns, assessment of Cess, interest payable for delay in payment of Cess and penalties for non-payment of Cess within the specified time. The proposed Ambi mall will fall under the Act as they will source water from water supply schemes of Delhi Jal Board. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution), Act, 1974 including Rules, 1975 (as amended up to 1988) provides for the prevention and control of water pollution and maintaining or restoring good water quality for any establishment. The Act assigns functions and powers to the CPCB and DPCC for prevention and control of water pollution and all related matters. The Environment (Protection) Rules under the EPA also lays down specific standards for quality of water effluents to be discharged into different type of water bodies (sewers, surface water bodies like lakes and rivers, marine discharge). The standards are presented in Appendix - I. Additionally, the potable water supplied for the proposed project during operation phase should also conform to the National Drinking Water Standard IS: 10500 (please refer Appendix - II). The Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), the statutory authority set up by the Central Government has restricted the drilling of tube wells and bore wells in certain water scarce areas in the country. Since the Board does not permit the extraction of groundwater resources from the project area also, all other commercial developments in the area have planned their water usage from sources other than ground water. The Ambi Mall has planned the source of water from DJB water supply scheme and additionally from rainwater collection in the reservoirs, water tankers and water recycling. However, water tankers will be used only in case of an
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emergency or failure of water supply by DJB or in case of insufficiency of rain in a particular season. The project proponents, both during its construction as well as operational phase, would not be extracting ground water for any of its requirements. Adequate arrangements for groundwater recharging are being planned in the site area by having groundwater recharge pits for surface runoff rainwater collection. There is no boundary wall around the project site and this will facilitate the natural flow of surface water runoff, which is planned to be channelized to the reservoirs for project requirements and groundwater recharge. Also, no compound wall around the plot separating two independent plots is planned and the continuity of landscape with specified pedestrian entry points is to be maintained as per control. The DDA too is constructing a rainwater collection drain in the area. 3.3.4 AIR QUALITY The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 including Rules 1982 and 1983 was enacted to prevent, control and reduce air and noise pollution. According to Section 21 of the Act, no person shall establish or operate any activity, which can cause air pollution without obtaining Consent to Establish (CTE) as per the Air Act. The Act also lays down National ambient air quality standards for common pollutants like Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Lead (Pb) with the intent of managing air quality for different category of areas (residential, industrial and sensitive). The EPR also specifies source emission standards determined on the basis of the impact of pollutants on human health, vegetation and property for activities that can pollute the air. Though the proposed shopping mall would not contribute much to air pollution, DG sets as and when installed for power supply (as back-up only) will have to conform to source specific emission standards and stack height requirement as specified by the EPR. The relevant standards are presented in Appendix -III. The DPCCs, on a case to case basis, can also make the emission standards more stringent on the considerations of the carrying capacity of a specific air shed and the existing pollution levels of ambient air quality. It may be noted that normally the CTE for the Air and Water Act is provided in the form of a No Objection Certificate (NOC) to the project proponent when the project falls under the 32 categories of activities covered by the EIA notification. The NOC is generally provided after the submission of the EIA report and holding of the Public Hearing.
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3.3.5 NOISE LEVEL With the objective of regulating ambient noise level in the environment, the Central Government has notified the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, dated 26 th December 1989 and amended in February 14, 2000 under the EPA. The noise standards for different category of areas are based on the A weighted equivalent noise level (Leq) is as presented in Appendix IV. The EPR also lays down equipment specific noise emission standards for DG Sets, which would be in use for the proposed shopping mall project. Specific standards for control of noise from DG sets and measures to be taken for reduction of noise by using acoustic enclosures, acoustic treatment of rooms or exhaust muffler have also been specified through the Environment (Protection) Second Amendment Rules, 2002 notified through notification GSR 371 (E) on 17 th May, 2002. 3.3.6 SOLID AND OTHER WASTE MANAGEMENT During the construction and operational phase of the project, collection and handling of domestic solid waste would be done as per provisions of the Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000. The philosophy of solid waste management at the shopping mall will be to encourage the four Rs of waste i.e. waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and recovery (materials & energy). The rules require facilities to classify wastes into categories, manage them as per the prescribed guidelines and obtain prior authorization from the DPCC for handling, treatment, storage and disposal of Wastes. The shopping mall project has a potential to generate other waste besides solid waste during its construction and operational phases and such waste generation should be properly monitored and managed. The following kinds of waste may be generated from the construction phase of the project:

Spent oil and lubricants from construction equipments; Spent oil and lubricants from DG sets; Paint residues during the painting of the buildings;
During the operational phase management of the solid waste will focus on the Segregation/Sorting, Storage at source and Collection of the wastes (the details are discussed in the EMP chapter). Separate bins are planned to be maintained for various categories of wastes like Biodegradable, Non- Biodegradable, and Paper/Plastics etc. This will reduce in lesser reliance on land filling. Regular public awareness meetings will be conducted to involve the occupants and the employees to ensure proper segregation, storage, collection, treatment and disposal of waste.
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3.4
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Whereas the legislative branch of the Government (Parliament) is responsible for the enactment of environmental law and the judiciary for its enforcement in the case of transgression, it is the function of the executive branch (ministries, regional and local authorities) to determine policies and administer environmental law in actual practice. Also, since an environmental dimension has now become a part of all economic activities, an effective mechanism of coordination and control is the responsibility of the central environmental agency so that environmental policies can be translated into action. The Government of India took a major step in 1972 when it constituted the National Committee on Environmental Planning and Coordination (NCEPC). Later in 1980, the Government of India established a new Department of Environment on the recommendation of a committee constituted by the Indian Parliament. The Central and State Pollution Control Boards were set up and entrusted with the task of air and water pollution control in 1974. 3.4.1 MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS In view of the growing importance of environmental affairs, the Government of India set up a Department in November 1980 under the portfolio of the Prime Minister. The Department later renamed as the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) plays a pivotal role in environmental management for sustained development and looks into all environmental matters in the country. The major responsibilities of MoEF include:
Environmental resource conservation and protection, including environmental impact assessment of developmental projects; Co-ordination with the other ministries and agencies, voluntary organizations and professional bodies on environmental action plans; Policy-planning; Promotion of research and development, manpower planning and training and creation of environmental awareness; Liaison and coordination with international agencies involved in environmental matters.
Developmental project proponents are also required to submit Environmental Impact Statements/Assessments to establish that installing adequate pollution control and monitoring equipment plan preventive measures, and that effluent discharged into the environment will not exceed permissible levels. The MoEF appraises these statements/assessments and approves the project from the environmental angle. The respective State Pollution Control Board is to give a No Objection Certificate (NOC) before the EIA exercise is undertaken.
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3.4.2 CENTRAL AND STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARDS The Central Pollution Control Board is directly responsible for pollution control throughout the National territory. In addition to the control of air, noise and water pollution it is also responsible to ensure effective control on disposal of wastes and storage and handling of hazardous chemicals and substances. Additionally, with the enactment of air and water pollution laws, states have set-up their own Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) to monitor industrial emissions and effluents and to approve the operation of new industries after careful scrutiny. The functions of the SPCB include: The planning of comprehensive state programs for the prevention and control of air and water pollution and to ensure the implementation thereof; Inspection of control equipment, industrial plants, etc.; Establishing norms in consultation with the Central Board and having regard to national air quality standards, gaseous emission standards from industrial plants, automobiles, etc. Different emission standards may be laid down for different industrial plants, having regard to the quantity and composition of emissions into the atmosphere from such plants and the general pollution levels in the area; Advising the State Government on siting of new polluting industry. 3.4.3 MUNICIPALITIES AND THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS The Constitution (74th) Amendment Act of 1994 accorded constitutional status to the urban local bodies (ULBs) and recognized the Municipal governments as the third tier of governance. While prescribing a uniform local governance structure that can be applicable across the country, it provides a framework for elected local governments for their effective functioning to ensure provisions of urban services and infrastructure. With the objective of bringing about a basic shift from the existing a top down management system to a bottom up decentralized and participatory planning approach, the amendment also provided for constitution of Ward Committees in municipalities with a population of more than 300,000 people, Metropolitan Planning Committees and District Planning Committees for consolidation and preparation of plans for spatial, social and economic development. The Amendment Act also provided for devolution of financial powers from the state government for strengthening of municipal finances. The 12th Schedule of the 74th Amendment Act lists eighteen functions and responsibilities to be carried out by the ULBs including public health, sanitation, conservancy and solid waste management related activities.
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4.0
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS OF PROJECT AREA
This chapter describes the existing environmental settings in the study area. The major purposes of describing the environmental settings of the study area are: To understand the project need and environmental characteristics of the area. To assess the existing environmental quality, as well as the environmental impacts of the future developments being studied; and To identify environmentally significant factors or geographical areas that could preclude any future development. The various considerations that have gone into the formulation of a proper strategy for conducting the baseline studies are described in the next section. 4.1 METHODOLOGY OF CONDUCTING BASELINE STUDY
The guiding factors for the present baseline study are the MoEFs requirements for the Environmental Impact Assessment notification and local regulations and directives. The study area for the proposed development is within a radius of 5 km from the center of the development site since most of the potential impacts are most likely to occur within this area. Further, a buffer area extending to 10 km radii from the site has also been studied, though with a lesser degree of detail. The baseline study and primary data collection was carried out during the post-monsoon season, 2005. The studies were conducted by considering the following: The various environmental attributes were divided into primary and secondary studies. Primary attributes such as air environment, water, soil, noise, flora and fauna, and micro-meteorology were assessed by conducting field studies on-site monitoring and review of the past studies conducted; and Secondary attributes such as landuse studies, geology, physiological characteristics, and socio-economic environment have been assessed by literature review of previous studies conducted by various Government publications etc. A reconnaissance survey was conducted to identify the sampling locations on the basis of: Predominant wind directions in the study area as recorded by nearest IMD station for air sampling;
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Existing topography; location of surface water bodies like nallahs, tanks, canals, rivers, etc. for water sampling; Locations of villages / towns / sensitive areas for noise, air, socio economics; Accessibility of power connection and security for monitoring equipment, pollution pockets in the area; and Areas that best represent the baseline conditions. The scoping and the extent of data generation were formulated with interdisciplinary team discussions, criteria questions and professional judgment. For secondary data source, various Government agencies were approached for obtaining information and relevant data. The field data generated has been used to : Identify extent of impacts on natural resources and nearby communities. Identify mitigation measures and monitoring equipment. These data can be used to prognosticate possible further impact on environment and lead to suggesting suitable measures to stem or minimize the adverse impact (if any) as far as possible. A map depicting the 10 km radius from the site showing the various environmental attributes of the area is depicted in Figure 2.4 in Chapter 2. 4.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT
Air pollution can cause significant effects on the environment, and subsequently on humans, animals, vegetation and materials. It primarily affects the respiratory (e.g. by fine dust), circulatory (e.g. by carbon monoxide) and olfactory (e.g. by odors) systems in humans. In most cases, air pollution aggravates pre-existing diseases or degrades health status, making people more susceptible to other infections or the development of chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Environmental impacts from air pollution can include acidic deposition and reduction in visibility. Although not a major contributor to air pollution, the institutional/commercial building sector often emit pollutants into the air during both construction and operational phases. Activities during these phases will primarily emit suspended particulate matter (SPM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). During the construction phase of the project, the following pollutant is anticipated: SPM from all construction activities. During the operational phase of the project, the following pollutants are anticipated: NOx, SPM, CO and SO2 from diesel generator sets. NOx, SPM and CO from vehicular traffic
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In both phases, noise pollution is also considered a contaminant within the air environment, and is discussed in Section 4.2.3. Table 4.1 provides the potential primary sources and effects of air pollutants during the construction and operational phases of the proposed project. TABLE 4.1: PRIMARY SOURCES AND EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS DUE TO PROPOSED
PROJECT
Pollutant Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Source Combustion of Sulphurcontaining fossil fuels (i.e. diesel generator sets)
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Motor vehicle exhaust Carbon (CO) Monoxide Motor vehicle exhaust -
SPM
Construction activities Motor vehicle exhaust
Primary Health Effects Plant injury Reduced visibility Deterioration of metals, textiles, leather, finishes, coatings, etc. Irritation of eyes Aggravation of respiratory diseases (asthma, emphysema) Aggravation of respiratory illness Reduced visibility Reduced plant growth Formation of acid rain Soiling Reduced visibility Aggravation of the effects of gaseous pollutants Increased cough and chest discomfort Reduced lung function Aggravation of respiratory and cardio-respiratory diseases Plant injury Reduced visibility Deterioration of metals, textiles, leather, finishes, coatings, etc. Irritation of eyes Aggravation of respiratory diseases (asthma, emphysema)
Source: South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) 1993. CEQA Air Quality Handbook
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4.2.1 METEOROLOGY Meteorology (weather) is the key to understanding air quality. The essential relationship between meteorology and atmospheric dispersion involves the wind in the broadest sense of the term. Wind fluctuations over a very wide range of time and space scales accomplish dispersion and strongly influence other processes associated with them. Micrometeorological parameters are responsible for dispersion and diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere. The characterization of the existing climatological conditions in the vicinity of a source of pollutants is, therefore, a critical aspect of assessing air quality. METEOROLOGICAL DATA Meteorological information is required for devising baseline ambient air quality monitoring plans and for the prediction of impacts from air quality modeling. Site-specific primary meteorological data over a period of one season was collected and employed for air quality modeling. A pollutant dispersion model uses meteorological variables to spread out (dilute) gases and particles. These variables can change dramatically from one hour to another and from one day to the next in response to the general weather patterns. Long-term climate data is also used to predict the air pollution impacts during all meteorological conditions, and for devising baseline ambient air quality monitoring plans. Long-term climate trend data was obtained from the closest surface Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) station, located at the Indira Gandhi International Airport, in New Delhi. The surrounding area of this station is plain and instruments were located on the roof of the main building, with good exposure (IMD, 1999). A) LONG TERM CLIMATE TRENDS INDIRA GANDHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
The climate of New Delhi is influenced by its inland location and is characterized by extreme dryness with intensely hot summers and cold winters. Only in the monsoon season (July, August, and September) do air masses of oceanic origin reach New Delhi resulting in increased humidity, cloudiness, and precipitation. New Delhis winter begins in late November and lasts until the beginning of March when the summer begins and extends until the end of June, followed by the monsoon season, which lasts till the end of September. October and November is the transition period between monsoon and winter.
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4.2.2 RAINFALL The normal annual rainfall for New Delhi is 794.0 mm, with 81% of the rainfall occurring in the monsoon months of July, August, and September. The rainfall amounts vary significantly from year to year. The rainfall normal is summarized in Table 4.2. TABLE 4.2: RAINFALL NORMALS FOR INDIRA GANDHI AIRPORT, NEW DELHI Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov
Rainfall Depth (mm) 14.8 14.1 9.3 6.1 18.9 54.2 241.1 284.3 119.4 16.8 6.4
Dec
8.6
Note: Period of Record = 1952 to 1980
4.2.3 TEMPERATURE New Delhi is situated in the Gangetic Plains, far inland from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The distance from the oceans/seas results in extreme temperatures as the moderating effect of the seas is not present. The temperature normal is summarized in Table 4.3. TABLE 4.3: TEMPERATURE NORMALS FOR INDIRA GANDHI AIRPORT, NEW DELHI Temp Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec (oC) Max 21.0 24.1 30.2 37.0 40.5 40.2 35.1 33.2 33.7 33.2 28.3 22.6 Min 6.0 8.4 13.6 20.0 24.4 27.5 26.2 25.3 23.2 18.2 11.7 7.0
January is typically the coldest month in New Delhi. During the winter months (December, January, February, and March) cold waves occur due to snowfall in the Himalayan ranges, located approximately 300 km to the north. After February the temperatures begin to rise and generally peak in June, which is the hottest month of the year. With the monsoon arriving in July, there is a drop in the daytime temperatures with the nights remaining warm. After the monsoon (i.e. October onwards) the daytime temperatures remain as usual but the nighttime temperatures begin to drop. During late November the temperature begin to drop rapidly with the setting in of winter. 4.2.4 RELATIVE HUMIDITY The relative humidity of New Delhi is governed by the monsoon, which is the source of moisture. As can be seen in Table 4.4, the air is generally dry, with the relative humidity rising during the monsoon (June - September), after which the moisture in the air decreases. The summer months are the driest part of the year when the relative humidity drops to 20%, particularly in the afternoons.
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TABLE 4.4: RELATIVE HUMIDITY NORMALS FOR INDIRA GANDHI AIRPORT, NEW DELHI Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec @ 0830 hrs 79 72 61 41 38 53 77 84 78 65 64 75 @ 1730 hrs 48 38 30 21 21 36 63 72 59 42 41 50
4.2.5 WIND SPEEDS AND DIRECTION As can be seen in Table 4.5 the wind speed is generally light during the post monsoon and winter months. The wind speed increases during the summer and monsoon months. TABLE 4.5: MEAN WIND SPEED Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept 3.0 3.0 3.6 4.1 2.9 2.5 2.7
Jan Wind Speed (m/s) 2.3
Feb 2.8
Oct 1.8
Nov 1.9
Dec 2.1
Except the monsoon months (July, August, and September), the predominant wind is from the West and North West directions. During the monsoon months the wind blows from the East and South East. Calms are reported at an annual average of 9%. B) METEOROLOGICAL MODELING DATA The meteorological data of one season (excluding monsoon), exhibits trends of a lower wind speed than that of long-term climate trends. This use of a lower wind speed for modeling purposes will produce more conservative results. Wind direction and wind speed during monitoring period is presented in Figure 4.1.
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FIGURE 4.1: WIND ROSE
The most predominant wind direction is observed to be South West with predominant wind speed in the range of 0.5 2.1 m/sec. The most predominant wind direction as observed from long term trend is North West with speed in the range of 1.8-1.9 m/s. Calms conditions are observed over 38 % during the monitoring period. 4.2.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY An assessment of baseline air quality was undertaken to establish the status of exposure of the major sensitive receptors and to assess the background air quality at the project location. This assessment was accomplished by reviewing historical ambient air quality data, examining sources of air emissions within a 2 km radius of the proposed site (i.e. the impact zone), and by conducting a sitespecific backgroundsampling program. In this manner, background data collected was expected to be representative of all meteorological conditions. Historical and sitespecific data were compared to the applicable National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), where appropriate.
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The baseline concentration values to be used in the modeling exercises were conservatively identified from the sitespecific measurements. HISTORICAL TRENDS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN DELHI Historical ambient air quality data for New Delhi was obtained from the National Air Monitoring Program (NAMP) of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Trends obtained from the closest NAMP station (ITO residential) to the project site are shown in Table 4.6 below:
TABLE 4.6: HISTORICAL AIR QUALITY IN NEW DELHI (I.T.O . RESIDENTIAL)
Year
SO2
Frequency NO2 Frequency SPM Frequency RSPM Frequency of of of of Exceedence Exceedence Exceedence Exceedence (%) (%) (%) (%) 0 0 0 102 68 96 81 3 74 501 543 571 100 100 100 266 274 360 100 100 100
2004 2003 2002
10 6 12
All values in g/m3 This data indicates that SPM and RSPM exceed the CPCB prescribed limit 100% of the time. The concentration of SO2 is well within the prescribed limit at all times, while on average, the NO2 concentration exceeds the prescribed limit more than 50% of the time. SOURCES OF AIR EMISSIONS SURROUNDING THE SITE The major source of air pollution is vehicular emission from heavy traffic near Nelson Mandela Road. The impacts from these sources are expected to be captured in the levels of pollutants measured in the site-specific background air quality monitoring study conducted within the impact zone. SITE SPECIFIC BACKGROUND AIR QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM A sitespecific background air quality monitoring program was conducted for the proposed project during post-monsoon, 2005. Background data was collected for SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOx, and CO.
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Since the proposed site has no pollution intensive activities in its vicinity, five sampling stations located within two km of the site, were considered adequate to provide the surrounding baseline air quality. For the selection of the monitoring locations, long-term meteorological trends were taken into consideration to obtain the predominant wind direction during the sampling period. In this manner, five air quality monitors (AQ1, AQ2, AQ3, AQ4, AQ5) were placed around the site. Monitors were placed at sensitive receptors (preferably educational institutions, hospitals etc.), where safety and power were provided. Monitors were placed on one-storey dwellings, away from major roads and nearby flow obstructions (i.e. trees). The monitoring locations are specified in Table 4.7 and Figure 4.2. TABLE 4.7: MONITORING LOCATIONS Approximate Distance from Site (km)
-
Monitor AQ1 AQ2 AQ3 AQ4 AQ5
Description Proposed shopping mall site Grand Vasant, C-5 Munirika Gaon Masoodpur Dairy SES, JNU
0.8 2.3 1.2 2.0
Upwind/ Downwind from Site Downwind Upwind Downwind Upwind
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FIGURE 4.2 AMBIENT AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS
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The background monitoring program was carried out as per standard methodologies and accepted protocols as detailed by the MoEF. Air quality was monitored with five high volume samplers (i.e. 24 hourly values for all pollutants excepting CO, where 1 hour values were collected). Each sampler maintained a volumetric flow rate between 1.0-1.2 m3/min. Analysis of pollutants was done as per standard IS codes. Monitoring results (observed levels and ranges) of SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOx, and CO, are presented in Table 4.8A to Table 4.8E.
TABLE 4.8A: MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS - SPM
Monitoring Results Station AQ1 AQ2 AQ3 AQ4 AQ5 Area Designation Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential Maximum 379 714 401 457 365 Mean 343 480 367 411 298 Minimum 275 311 340 330 269
Units: g/m3 NAAQS Residential, Sensitive Rural & Areas Other Areas
200
100
TABLE 4.8B: MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS - RSPM
Monitoring Results Station AQ1 AQ2 AQ3 AQ4 AQ5 Area Maximum Designation Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential 194 363 213 298 182 Mean 150 226 150 212 153 Minimum 102 122 99 143 132
100
75
TABLE 4.8C: MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS - SO2
Monitoring Results Station AQ1 AQ2 AQ3 AQ4 AQ5 Area Designation Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential Maximum <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 Mean <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 Minimum <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
80
30
*Minimum detectable limit is 5.0 g/m3 March 2006
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TABLE 4.8D: MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS - NOX
80
30
TABLE 4.8E: MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS -
CO
4000
2000
With respect to pollutants, the results of the monitoring program indicated the following: Levels of SPM and RSPM are high and exceed NAAQS at four locations including proposed project site, which may be due to the redevelopment of adjoining NelsonMandela Road and other developing activities in the close vicinity by DDA. Levels of SO2 are within the prescribed limits at all receptors; Levels of NOx are within the prescribed limits, and Levels of CO are also within the NAAQS limits.
The monitoring trends are concurrent with historical data, with NOx exhibiting lower concentrations. The baseline conditions at each of the air quality monitors are described below, with NAAQS standards indicated on each graph. 1. AQ-1: The monitor was placed at the project site. Monitored SPM levels are high, with a maximum value of 379 g / m3, RSPM levels are also high with a maximum value of 194 g / m3. This may be due to the redevelopment of adjoining Nelson-
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Mandela Road in the close vicinity by DDA including the heavy vehicular emissions from traffic plying on the Nelson Mandela Marg bordering the site.
400 360 320 280 240 200 160 120 80 40 0 SPM RPM Maximum SO2 Minimum Mean NOX
2. AQ- 2: The monitor was placed on a roof of Grand Vasant, downwind to the site. Monitored SPM levels are high, with a maximum concentration of 714 g / m3. RSPM levels are also high with a maximum value of 363 g / m3. This may be due to the development work near the Grand Hotel and the adjoining areas. All other parameters are well within the prescribed limits.
Concentration (ug/m 3)
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 SPM RPM SO2 Maximum Minimum Mean NOX
3. AQ- 3: The monitor was placed on a dwelling in Munirika Gaon. Monitored SPM levels are high, with a maximum concentration of 401 g / m3. RSPM levels are also high with a maximum value of 213 g / m3. This may be due to heavy traffic volumes on outer ring road bordering Munirka Gaon. All other parameters are well within the limits.
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400 360 320 280 240 200 160 120 80 40 0 SPM RPM Maximum
SO2 Minimum Mean
NOX
4. AQ- 4: This monitor was located at a dwelling in Masoodpur Dairy downwind of the project site. Monitored levels for SPM is very high with a maximum of 457 ug/m3 along with high RSPM levels at 298 ug/m3. This may be due to the fact that the Andheria-Mahipalpur road is a narrow stretch with slow traffic movement. Also the roads within Masoodpur Diary area are kutcha roads and lack planned development. All other pollutants are within the prescribed limits.
480 440 400 360 320 280 240 200 160 120 80 40 0 SPM RPM Maximum SO2 Minimum Mean NOX
5. AQ- 5: This monitor was located on the roof of SES, JNU. Monitored levels for SPM is very high with a maximum of 365 ug/m3 along with high RSPM levels at 182 ug/m3 and NOx with a maximum value of 45 ug/m3. Values of SO2 are within the prescribed limit.
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400 360 320 280 240 200 160 120 80 40 0 SPM RPM Maximum SO2 Minimum Mean NOX
4.2.7 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Any unpleasant sound is classified as noise pollution. Sound possesses three definite properties: intensity, frequency and duration. Intensity is the loudness of a sound, or the pressure it exerts through the ear. It is measured in decibels (dB). In assessing noise, an empirical measure called "dBA" indicates damage to hearing. The higher the dB (A) number, the greater is the risk of damage to hearing. Loud noise may adversely affect people in many ways. For example noise may impede with sleep, speech, communication and can cause annoyance and other physiological problems. Occupational noise exposure, is also the most common cause of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL), threatens the hearing of individuals exposed to noise pollution for longer periods of time, at a less intense level. For example, repeated exposure to noise pollution at a construction site can cause NIHL to the construction workers, an effect that cannot be reversed. Major sources of noise pollution during the construction and operational phases of the site will be from construction equipment and diesel generator sets respectively. Table 4.9 provides potential primary sources and effects of noise pollution during the construction and operational phases of the site.
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TABLE 4.9: PRIMARY EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION FROM CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION
ACTIVITIES OF THE SITE
Pollutant Noise
Source Construction activities Transport Human activities
Primary Effects Annoyance Interference with communication NIHL Interference with sleep Aural pan, nausea, and reduced muscular control Performance effects Effects on social behavior
Source: http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/soe/97/ch1/15_3.htm
AMBIENT NOISE QUALITY
An assessment of baseline noise quality was undertaken to establish the status of exposure of the major sensitive receptors, and provide the background levels of noise at the project site area. This assessment was accomplished by conducting a sitespecific backgroundmonitoring program. Sitespecific data were compared to the applicable Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise (AAQSRN), where appropriate. The baseline concentration values to be used in the modeling exercises were conservatively identified from the sitespecific measurements.
SOURCES OF NOISE EMISSIONS SURROUNDING THE SITE
The sound environment surrounding the site is characterized by an urban hum, primarily due to high levels of traffic at the Nelson Mandela Road. The impacts from these sources are expected to be captured in the levels of noise measured in the site-specific background noise monitoring study. SITE-SPECIFIC BACKGROUND NOISE QUALITY MONITORING Noise monitoring was conducted at four critical locations within the impact zone, wherever possible including the project site, approach roads, and sensitive locations such as residential areas. The background-monitoring program was done in accordance with the requirements of an EIA study. Sound pressure level (SPL) measurements were instantaneously recorded to give the
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equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) over the period of 24 hours. The monitoring locations are provided in Table 4.10.
TABLE 4.10: NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS
Monitoring Station N1 N2 N3 N4
Description of Location Munirika Gaon Proposed Site Vasant Kunj, C-5 Masoodpur Dairy
Distance from Site (km) 2.3 0.8 1.2
Land Use Classification Residential Commercial Residential Residential
Table 4.11 provides equivalent noise levels viz., Leqday and Leqnight, at the noise monitoring locations, alongside noise standards as prescribed by the CPCB.
TABLE 4.11: MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS NOISE
Location N1 N2 N3 N4
1. 2.
Day Time Leq (dB (A)) Limit (dB (A)) 42.99 55 52.67 65 46.34 55 55.71 55
Night Time Leq (dB (A)) Limit (dB (A)) 35.50 45 47.58 55 38.61 45 43.61 45
Daytime shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m. Nighttime shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.
The results of the monitoring program indicated that both daytime and nighttime levels of noise are within AAQSRN limits at all the four locations. 4.2.8 TRAFFIC PATTERN AND DENSITY Traffic counts were carried out for Nelson Mandela Marg, adjacent to the site, to provide background values of traffic density, and correlate such data to the levels of air pollution and noise along the road.
SITE-SPECIFIC TRAFFIC MONITORING
Vehicular traffic counts were performed on either side of the Nelson Mandela Marg. This dual carriage, two-way, road is approximately 45 meters in width. In total, the road was surveyed for 2 days. The hourly traffic variation is shown in Figure 4.3A and Figure 4.3B. Vehicular traffic included heavy vehicle, light vehicle, three wheelers, and two wheelers.
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FIGURE 4.3A: TRAFFIC COUNT (TO & FRO) PERFORMED ON NELSON MANDELA ROAD ON THE
1 ST DAY
3000 2500 2000 1 500 1 000 500 0
Heavy Vehicles
Light Vehicles
Two Wheelers
Three Wheelers & Others
FIGURE 4.3B: TRAFFIC COUNT (TO & FRO) PERFORMED ON NELSON MANDELA ROAD ON THE
2ND DAY
3000 2500 2000 1 500 1 000 500 0
Heavy Vehicles Two Wheelers
Light Vehicles Three Wheelers & Others
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Analysis: The two day traffic count show almost similar trend. Low traffic trend in the area suggest that Nelson Mandela Road is capable of handling the additional traffic load that will be generated from the proposed project. Moreover, the Nelson Mandela road is being redesigned as a signal free road for enabling fast movement of vehicles. 4.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT
This section documents the baseline scenario of the water environment in the study area and discusses both water resources and quality. These details include water availability, the quality of ground and surface water, utilization pattern of water resources for various activities in the study area. The data has been collected from various secondary sources mainly CGWB and primary survey carried out in the impact zone. Surface water would be the main source of supply for the project through DJB water supply network. Rainwater collection in the reservoirs, recycled water and water tanker (if required) would be used as an alternate source of water and would be used to meet the requirement of other activities. 4.3.1 SURFACE WATER RESOURCES
The National Capital has been the fastest growing city in India because of increasing urbanization. Rapid urbanization has had an adverse impact on the ground water resources of the area. The alarming situation raised because of declining water levels necessitates replenishment of ground water reservoirs through Artificial Recharge. Out of the 315 Ha of land available with DDA at Vasant Kunj Phase II, only 92 Ha have been developed as per approved Master Plan and directions of Honble Supreme Court of India. The balance of 223 ha have been converted to a Biodiversity Park which have lots of crests and low lying area for rainwater recharging. As there is enough surplus monsoon runoff available in the area, and the aquifers have ample scope for accommodating the surplus monsoon runoff, DDA has requested the Central Ground Water Authority to prepare a scheme for utilizing the surplus runoff for recharging the ground water. 4.3.2 HYDRO GEOLOGY AND GROUNDWATER RESOURCES The general slope of the proposed project site project site is towards north and north-east. The area is drained by a small streamlet, which flows towards north and north-east. This natural streamlet has been channelised through concrete drains. The hydrogeology and ground water potential of Delhi encompassing Vasant Kunj area is shown in Figure 4.4.
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FIGURE 4.4: GROUND WATER POTENTIAL
Source: Central Ground Water Board Groundwater occurs in semi confined to confined conditions in fractured and jointed quartzitic formation. About 4-5 prominent fractured zones are present in the area at depths varying between 40-50m, 55-65m, 70-75m, 80-95m, and 110-115m below ground level. The borewells when drilled and constructed within 80 to 120m depth tapering these fractional zones are capable of producing a well discharge of 150 to 250 lpm.
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Depth of water level (April 2000) in this area is 26 to 30m bgl. Shallow water levels are observed towards Munirka Marg and deeper levels are observed in southern and central part of the area. As per records of CGWB, seasonal fluctuation of 5-6m exists in this area. Central Ground Water Board has carried out artificial recharge project on experimental basis in JNU-Sanjay Van and IIT area. Four check dams and one roof top rain water harvesting structure has been constructed to study the impact of Artificial recharge to ground water on ground water regime of the area. The construction of check dam was completed before the onset of monsoon (1998) and it has been found that a total volume of 76800 cum of water has been recharged. The efficiency of check dams has been found varying between 95 to 99.7 percent. Thus, the surrounding area is most suitable for the channelization of rainwater to arrest the surplus surface runoff generated in the area for recharging the ground water. Apart from this, the crests and low lying area in the biodiversity park can also be efficiently used as percolation pits for recharging the ground water regime with surplus surface runoff. 4.3.3 WATER QUALITY In the project area, studies were undertaken earlier to document the chemical quality of ground water before, during and after recharge periods. Water samples were collected from the existing water bearing structures during the Artificial Recharge project studies at JNUSanjay van and the results indicated variation in the ground water quality which is related to local effect. The Table.4.12 shows the chemical analysis of the ground water samples.
TABLE 4.12: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE GROUND WATER SAMPLES
Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Parameters PH EC Micromhos/cm at 25 C TDS (ppm) Hco3 (ppm) Cl (ppm) SO4 (ppm) CO3 (ppm) F (ppm) Ca (ppm) Mg (ppm) Na (ppm) K (ppm) Total hardness as CaCO3
Values 7.29 7.88 360 1164 212 1465 149 593 17 375 10 200 Nil 49 0.29 1.43 34 146 5 75 20 254 0.40 31 105 - 562
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The ground water was characterized as sodium bi-carbonate type. The average nitrate concentrations ranged from 2 to 33 mg/l and sulphate level was well within the prescribed limit. The concentration levels of other mandatory constituents like fluoride and TDS observed were also within permissible limits emphasizing the fact that the ground water in the area is suitable for drinking, irrigation and other purposes. This also highlights the suitability of water in the project area and it is shown in the Figure 4.5.
FIGURE 4.5: GROUND WATER QUALITY IN THE AREA
Source: Central Ground Water Board Water sampling has been done to determine the existing quality of water around the project area and also to assess the impact from the proposed project. Sampling has been done following standard guidelines for physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters. Analysis has been done as per methods prescribed in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th Edition). Samples were collected from Ground water sources located in the vicinity of project site. Table 4.13 gives the details of the ground water sampling locations and is also depicted in Figure 4.6.
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TABLE 4.13: WATER QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Station No. W-1 W-2 W-3
Description
Water sample from Grand Vasant (Hand pump) Water sample from Masoodpur Dairy (Hand pump) Water sample from Munirka Gaon (Hand pump)
Approximate Distance from Project Site (in km) 0.8 1.2 2.3
Table 4.14 shows the physicochemical characteristics of surface and ground water samples collected from different sources as compared with the standard (IS 10500: Indian Standards/Specifications for Drinking Water) reference values.
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FIGURE 4.6: WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS
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TABLE 4.14: GROUND WATER QUALITY IN THE STUDY AREA
Results S. No Test Parameters Unit W1 (Grant Vasant)

Hazen NTU mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L <5 Unobjectionable <1.0 Agreeable 7.67 1124 572 0.13 Nil 394.7 0.30 0.22 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01
W2 (Masoodpur Dairy)
<5 Unobjectionable <1.0 Agreeable 7.49 904 424 <0.1 Nil 146.5 1.26 0.12 <0.01 <0.02 <0.01
W3 (Munirika Gaon)
<5 Unobjectionable <1.0 Agreeable 7.38 172 148 <0.1 Nil 12.2 2.78 0.09 <0.01 <0.02 <0.01
Desired limit as per IS: 10500

5 Unobjecti onable 5 Agreeable 6.5-8.5 500 300 0.3
Permissible limit (IS: 10500)
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

Colour Odour Turbidity Taste pH value Total Dissolved Solids Total Hardness Iron as Fe Residual Free Chlorine Chloride as ClNitrate as NO3Fluoride as FLead as Pb Arsenic as As Cadmium as Cd
25 Unobjectionable 10 Agreeable 6.5-8.5 2000 600 1.0
0.2 (Min) When Chlorinated 250 1000 45 100 1.0 1.5 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01
W-1: Ground water from Grand Vasant. W-2: Ground water from Masoodpur Dairy. W-3: Ground water from Munirika Gaon.
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As given in above table, two of the three locations have exceeded the IS: 10500 desired limit for Total Dissolved Solids and Total Hardness. The high concentration level can be related to the geology of the area. One out of three locations have exceeded the IS: 10500 desired limit for Chloride concentration. 4.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT
4.4.1 GEOLOGY OF THE AREA The proposed site area is part of the Yamuna basin comprising of the newer alluvium. It comprises mainly of fine to medium sands, silts, gravel, clay and canker. The surface beds are admixed with wind blown sediments of recent age. These alluvial sediments are known to be underlined by hard formations of Delhi system of rock. The general sequence of formations met within the area is given below: Recent to Sub-Recent: Post Delhi Intrusive: Algonkian (Delhi System): Alluvium Pegmatic and Basic Intrusive Alwar Quartzites
4.4.2 SEISMO-TECTONIC APPRAISAL OF THE AREA Delhi is located in Zone IV of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) 2000, seismic zone map for India. Zone IV is defined as having a maximum intensity expected of around MSK VIII. This, zone is second in severity to zone V (the highest). Zone IV is also referred to as the High Damage Risk Zone. Earthquakes are highly probable in this area and are primarily attributed to plate tectonics and fault rupture induced by continuing drift of Indian plate towards the Asian plate. The earthquake history of Delhi region indicates fairly high seismicity for the city of Delhi. The most active area of the region is considered to be the trijunction of the Delhi-Haridwar ridge, Lahore-Delhi ridge and axis of Delhi folding. The tectonic elements of the area are considered capable of generating an earthquake of magnitude 7 on Richter scale1 4.4.3 SOIL
Physiographically, Delhi consists of Yamuna flood Plain, the old Khaddar (earlier flood plain), and the Bhangar (upper alluvial plain). Major parts are covered by Yamuna alluvial soils. Majority of the areas is covered by fine to coarse loamy soils with different levels of moisture retention capacity. The soils of the Delhi area are mostly light with subordinate amount of medium texture soils. The light texture soils are represented by sandy, loamy, sand and sandy loam; whereas medium texture soils are represented by loam silty loam. The soils that occur in
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all the blocks of Delhi are generally suitable for irrigating moderately salt resistant crops such as wheat, barley and mustard. Different soil series observed in the state of Delhi (1995) are depicted in the Figure 4.7.
FIGURE 4.7: SOILS OF DELHI
Source: NEERI, 1995
The above figure shows the project site soil as effected, high table landssaline phase.
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Soil sampling was done to further establish the baseline characteristics and to assess the anticipated impacts due to proposed project. Soil samples have been collected using auger from a depth of 60 cm from the project site. The soil samples were collected from four locations and were mixed to prepare a composite sample for analysis. Details of the soil sampling location are shown in Table 4.15.
TABLE 4.15: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATION
Station Code S1 S2 S3 S4
Sampling location Masoodpur Dairy Munirika Gaon Proposed Site Grand Vasant, C-5
Distance from proposed site 1.2 2.3 0.0 0.8
A quantitative assessment of the particle size distribution in the soil was made by wet sieve analysis and sedimentation analysis using hydrometer, as per procedures laid down in IS: 2720 Part IV. The particle sizes were designated according to the scale given in IS: 1498, which is given in Table 4.16.
TABLE 4.16: PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SN
Soil Type
Particle Size Range 4.75 20 mm 2.0 4.75 mm 0.425 2.0 mm 0.075 0.425 mm Less than 0.075 mm
1 2
Gravel Sand Coarse Medium Fine
Percentage composition (%) 20.26 9.22 22.01 29.31 19.21
Silt & clay
Based on the particle size distribution obtained from the soil analysis, the texture of soil at the project site is sandy and silty clay. The physical and chemical characteristics of the soil samples collected are shown in Table 4.17.
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TABLE 4.17:
SOIL CHARACTERISTIC IN THE STUDY AREA Unit Milliohms/cm Meq/100gm mg/kg S1 8.02 Sandy 0.340 15.06 2119.48 1.13 71.5 0.048 64.29 26.64 14.07 36.18 S2 8.03 Silty clay 0.264 11.06 S3 8.24 Silty clay 0.793 25.36 S4 8.40 Silty clay 0.385 23.05 349.05 0.738 61.60 0.095 7.31 37.02 21.97 67.97
S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Parameters pH Texture Electrical Conductivity Cation Capacity Potassium Sodium Ratio Porosity Nitrogen Phosphorous Water Capacity (%) Copper Zinc Holding Absorption Exchange
214.87 64.76 1.34 58.10 0.163 97.71 40.76 31.00 115.01 5.11 63.50 0.055 6.82 35.34 11.99 9.39
% % ppm % mg/kg mg/kg
The result shows that the moisture retention capacity of the soil is less than 50 %, which is less. Soil of the area is slightly basic with a pH in the range of 8.0-8.40. Most crops grow best if the soil pH is in between 6.0-7.5. Positively charged ions, known as cations, include nutrients such as ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. These are attracted to negatively charged soil particles. The measure of the soil's ability to hold cations is the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). The greater the CEC of a particular soil, the greater the soil's ability to retain nutrients and the more fertile the soil is. The addition of biosolids can improve a soil's CEC value because biosolids are high in organic matter. Organic matter contributes to high CEC values. The Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) measures the relative proportion of sodium ions in a water sample to those of calcium and magnesium. The SAR is used to predict the sodium hazard of high carbonate waters especially if they contain no residual alkali. High concentration of sodium disperses soil colloidal particles, rendering the soil hard and resistant to water penetration. The potential of sodium hazards increases in soil with higher SAR values.
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4.4.4 LANDUSE PATTERN The objective of assessing the land use details of the area is to know the existing land use pattern of the area and enables one to know about the land that can be used for various development activities envisaged in post project scenario. It also enables to envisage the scenario emerging due to the increase in demand for land with increase in population and the impacts arising due to the interface with the various project activities. The current land use of the area is meant for the commercial development and was sold by DDA on an open auction basis. It was agreed to develop the shopping mall with all the project details conforming to the existing standards and norms, as applicable. The project development was subject to the statutory clearance from the concerned organizations like DUAC, National Airport Authority and Delhi Fire Service, DDA and BSES. Currently, the proposed project has been cleared by all the foresaid agencies. 4.4.5 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL The waste generated from the various activities in the Mall such as packaging, kitchen and other miscellaneous activities shall be disposed off through suitable means so that proper material recovery can be accomplished along with high hygienic conditions ensuring environment protection. The waste from packaging would be separately collected and sent to recycling market. Kitchen waste comprising mostly of food waste will be sent for feeding animals in the breeding farms after storage at sub zero temperature. Other waste generated through miscellaneous activities shall be stored in garbage tank and subsequently disposed off through municipal means. 4.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
The ecological survey has been done to establish the baseline ecological conditions of the study area (area within 10 Km radius of the project site), to assess the potential ecological impacts of the proposed project upon ecology, to develop adequate and feasible mitigation measures (via inputs to project design and layout, working practices, or compensate where appropriate) to keep residual ecological impacts with acceptable limits, and also to develop ecological monitoring parameters. This section of report presents ecological baseline of the area.
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4.5.1 HABITAT ASSESSMENT The term habitat has been used in broad sense for the general land cover and physiognomy rather than sensu stricto for a particular species. The information on prevailing baseline in the proposed project site is important because project activities might lead to loss of the ecological resources, if existing. The information will further enable to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the mitigation options that are being proposed by environmentalist and conservationist to incorporate conservation concerns in mitigating the impacts of developmental project. The proposed project area is located neither within an existing nor any proposed ecological sensitive zone. 4.5.2 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY (A) FLORAL PROFILE The proposed site falls under the 4A- Semi-Arid- Punjab Plains in terms of Biogeographic provinces (India). The existing vegetation shows the forest type of dry tropical thorn and scrub forests, which fall under the sub group 5-E1 (Northern Dry Deciduous Forest), (Champion and Seth, 1968). The composition of vegetation of this part of Delhi comprises scanty, xerophytic and widely dispersed vegetation, due to its climatic condition, biotic pressure and changed landuse pattern. No species of botanical interest were either found or collected during the survey, hence; during the floristic survey around the proposed project site, study was focused on identification of the understorey vascular plants. A total of about 20 plant species were collected during the field survey, which are listed in Table 4.18. All the species observed were common and no threatened or endangered plant species are known to exist on or near the site. Phytosociological data revealed that Aristida purpurea, Tephrosia purpurea were the speies having high frequencies followed by Adhatoda vasica, Parthenium sp, Croton achnocarpus, Echinops echinatusentalis etc.
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TABLE 4.18: PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING SURVEY
Scientific Names of Species Abutilon indica Achyranthes aspera Adhatoda vasica Aerva lanata Aristida purpurea Calotropis procera Cassia occidentalis Corchorus tridens Croton achnocarpus Datura metel Echinops echinatus Emilia sonchifolia Parthenium sp. Saccharum spontaneum Solanum nigrum Tribulus terrestris Tridax procumbens Xanthium indicum Youngia japonica Zizyphus nummularia
Northern
40 40 100 60 100 80 80 60 80 40 80 60 100 100 20 60 60 40 20 40
Southern
0 40 80 80 100 60 40 80 100 40 100 80 100 100 0 40 40 0 0 0
Eastern
0 60 80 80 100 40 0 80 100 0 100 80 80 100 40 0 0 40 20 0
Western
40 0 100 60 100 0 40 100 100 0 100 80 80 100 20 40 20 0 0 40
Sorensens Index on the frequency (%) of similarity of plant species amongst strata around the project site shows that North-East part had the highest frequency of 85% followed by NorthSouth and North-West 82.05 %, South-West 81.3%, South-East 72.73%. The East-West part had the lowest frequency of 66.67%. (B) FAUNAL PROFILE As mentioned earlier, the proposed site and its urban set up surroundings do not support any habitat for any group of wild animals except a few small animals such as mongoose, squirrel and lizards and bird species those which well adapted to urban areas. Hence, the proposed project site is insignificant from ecological point of view. (C) AVIFAUNA
A few common bird species were recorded during the survey in the study area. These included house sparrow, house crow, pariah kite, black drongo, hoopoe, babbler, red whiskered bulbul
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etc. The pariah kites were found in large numbers because of the presence of slaughterhouses at a distance of 1.5-2.0 Km from the proposed site. No endangered, threatened or rare bird species were recorded from the study area. Table 4.19 shows the common avifauna recorded from the study area.
TABLE 4.19: COMMON AVIFAUNA AROUND THE SITE
S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. (D)
Scientific Name Milvus migrans Dicrurus adsimilis Turdoides caudatus Corvus splendens Upupa epops Passer domesticus Pycnonotus cafer Acridotheres tristis Streptopelia decaocto Vanellus indicus Pavo cristatus Muscicapa westermanni Motacilla alba Dendrocitta vagabunda Pycnonotus jocosus
Common Name Pariah kite Black drongo Common babbler House crow Hoopoe Indian sparrow Red vented bulbul Common myna Indian ring dove Redwattled lapwing Common peafowl Little pied fly catcher White wagtail Indian tree pie Red whiskered bulbul
BUTTERFLIES
The butterflies that were recorded from the study area include - Common grass yellow (Eurema blanda), Tawny coster (Acraea violae), Plain tiger (Danaus genutia), Peacock pansy (Precis almanac), Common sailor (Neptis hylas) etc. (E) REPTILES
Lizards and Snakes are commonly found both within forests and in non-forested areas. Three species of reptiles viz., Agama (Agama tuberculata), garden lizard (Calotes sp.) and skink (Scincilla sp.) were recorded in the project area during the survey. 4.5.3 AQUATIC ECOLOGY No water body is located within the 10 km radius of the proposed site.
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4.6
SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
This chapter discusses the baseline scenario of the socio-economic environment in the study area and anticipated impacts of the proposed project on the socio-economic environment. The issues under focus in this chapter are demographic pattern, economic activity, education and literacy profile, etc. The assessment attempts to predict and evaluate the future impacts of project upon people, their physical and psychological health and well being, their economic status, cultural heritage, lifestyle and other value system. Administratively, Delhi is divided into 9 districts and 27 sub divisions with a density of 9340 persons per square km. For the current study, demographic profile of Vasant Kunj ward (DMC 1 part-56) within which the project site is located, has been considered. Vasant Kunj falls within the administrative confines of Najafgarh zone of South West Delhi. 4.6.1 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE The baseline data for the population of the surrounding area is significant to the study as it enables to predict the population that may be impacted by the project. It also enables us to appreciate the scenario emerging due to the increase in population and the impacts arising due to the interface with the various project activities. As seen in the Table 20, according to 2001 census, the population of Vasant Kunj is 74,490 persons. Najafgarh zone comprises of a total population of 743116 persons, which is 5.3 % of the population of NCT Delhi (13.8 million). Delhi, in general showed an unprecedented growth rate in the last few decades. The decadal growth rate for entire Delhi was 46.31% from 1991 to 2001 as against the national average of 21.34%. The high growth rate of population in Delhi is on account of large-scale migration. Major migration to Delhi is from the states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Bihar. The decadal growth rate of Vasant kunj is comparatively lower than the zonal figures i.e. 30.3%.
TABLE 4.20:NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS AND POPULATION
Number of households
Population Population (1991) (2001) 13850507 743116 74490
2733383 9300000 Delhi 148256 Najafgarh zone 17730 57163 Ward no.56, DMC (U) Part *Source: Census of India, (2001)
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SEX RATIO The sex ratio2 for Najafgarh zone of South west Delhi is 810, as against the National average of 933. This figure is also low in case of ward number 56, being as low as 818 females per 1000 males. The low sex ratio for the area can be attributed to large-scale migration of males to Delhi in search of work. Estimated percentage of migration in Delhi was 50.42 % in 2000 whereas percentage of natural growth in 2000 was 49.58%. The percentage of Scheduled Caste (SCs) population is 7% and no Scheduled Tribes (STs) are found to inhabit the study area.
1
The National Sample Survey Organization collects data on the characteristics of Labour Force (Employed & Unemployed) through various rounds of the NSSO. Since 1972-73 the survey on Employment Unemployment has become a part of the periodic programme of NSSO surveys.
TABLE 4.21: POPULATION MALE, FEMALE AND SEX RATIO
Name Delhi Najafgarh zone Ward no.56, DMC (U) Part
Total Male Female Population Population Pop 13850507 7607234 6243273 743116 411366 331750 74490 40971 33519
Total SC 2343255 91048 5232
Sex Ratio 821 810 818
Source: Census of India, (2001)
LITERACY An understanding of education and literacy profile in the region is relevant in order to understand whether better jobs due to the proposed project could utilize the existing human resource in the area. Overall literacy rate for the Najafgarh zone and Vasant kunj ward as per the 2001 census was 83.2% and 85.9% as against the literacy rate of 81.7% for Delhi. The female literacy rate is comparable to male literacy rate in Vasant Kunj (i.e. 70%). The locality is equipped with adequate private schools. For availing government school facility the children from weaker section groups travel upto Munirka (at a distance of one kilometer).
TABLE 4.22: LITERACY STATUS
Name Delhi Najafgarh zone Ward no.56, DMC (U) Part

Source: Census of India, (1991).
Male literates 5700847 315900 32041
Female Literates 3963917 210503 23484
Literacy Rate 81.7 83.2 85.9
Number of females per 1000 males
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4.6.2
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND LIVELIHOOD PATTERN
The relevance of economic activity and livelihood pattern is important in the context of the study since one of the direct benefits of the proposed project is job opportunity and high economic activity during the construction as well as operational phase. Depending on the existing situation, one can predict the impact of the project activity on the economy of the surrounding localities and the region. A study of the workforce participation in Delhi suggests that, between the periods 1992 to 2000 the population increase was almost 20%. However, during this period, the percentage of employed persons (to the total population) reduced from 33.04% to 28.70%.3 In Vasant kunj ward, main workers constitute almost 38 % of the total population. The nonworkers constitute almost 62% of the total. The percentage of marginal workers is less (1.1%). Main workers are primarily engaged in Secondary and Tertiary activities i.e. 97.3% work for service, trade and commerce or manufacturing sector. Employment in activities such as cultivation is low, with only 0.1% cultivators and 0.6% agricultural labourers. Almost 2% of the workforce is also engaged in household industries. The female main workers in the ward account to 17.1% of the total labour force as very few women work out.
FIGURE 4.8: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Delhi Najafgarh zone Ward no.56, DMC(U) Part
Cultivators
Agricultural Labourers
Household Industries
Other
4.6.3 ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITY : PRIMARY SURVEY
The National Sample Survey Organization collects data on the characteristics of Labour Force (Employed & Unemployed) through various rounds of the NSSO. Since 1972-73 the survey on Employment Unemployment has become a part of the periodic programme of NSSO surveys.
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Primary survey was conducted based on scientifically designed questionnaires covering various socio-economic attributes so as to know the baseline condition and assess the impact due to proposed project. The site has no settlements in its immediate vicinity. A random survey was carried out in Vasant Vihar, Vasant Kunj, Munirka, JNU Campus, Vasant Continental, Hotel Grand and in two settlements in the immediate vicinity.- Masoodpur Dairy (an urban village located within Vasant Kunj residential area) and Coolie camp (a Jhuggi Jhopadi Basti). The subsequent sections discusses the Socio economic status of the neighboring localities based on the primary survey:
MARKET AREA IN VASANT KUNJ
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CATTLE BREEDING IN MASUDPUR VILLAGE
COOLIE CAMP LOCATED AT THE VASANT KUNJ MUNIRKA ROAD
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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, VASANT KUNJ
RESIDENTIAL AREA AT VASANT KUNJ
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4.6.4 PERCEPTION OF THE COMMUNITY Consultations with stakeholder were carried out to determine socio-economic aspirations of the locals and also assess the peoples perception about the proposed shopping mall. The local residents during primary survey were of general view that the developmental projects such as Hotels, Malls and Institutions undertaken would help elevate the socio-economic status in general of the overall area and thereby they view it as a positive influence in the area.
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The residents also foresee scope of employment generation because of the projects. However, the educated residents of Vasant kunj, Vasant Vihar, Munirka and JNU Campus are of the general view that the setting up of such developmental projects would impact the ground water availability in the region, which is supposedly scarce. There is a general shortage of water during the summer season in the area. In April 1999, CGWA marked this area as water notified area, prohibiting installation of any Ground water abstraction structures. It was stated that this area is a vital water recharge area for the surrounding colonies like Vasant Kunj, Mahipalpur, etc. Any developmental activity may adversely affect the Ground water regime in the area. It was also highlighted that the fractured, weathered rocks allow 85% percolation of rainwater. Considering the shortage of water and prohibition of Ground Water extraction, DDA has promised water supply from water supply scheme provided by DJB. DDA has on its own taken up several measures for recharging the ground water in the area. The crests and low lying areas of the Biodiversity Park are being used for ground water recharging. Further it is sanctioning building plans of projects in the area only after incorporation of rainwater harvesting schemes. Since long, development in the adjoining constraint area has been taking place and it has been well within the norms of the relevant agencies/authorities. The residential colonies like Hill View Apartments, Kusumpur village, Vasant Kunj and Commercial and Institutional developments like Hotel Grand, CRPF Auditorium, National Book Trust, International Centre for Alternate Dispute Resolution, Shri Ram Vithal Shiksha Sewa Samiti, Institute for Studies in Industrial Development, Guest House for Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, TERI School of Advanced Studies, Center for Agriculture and Irrigation, K.K. Birla Academy etc. are already existing within very close proximity to the proposed project site. The project proponents for Ambi Mall have obtained required approvals from DDA, DUAC, DFS, AAI, DCP (Licensing) and BSES. It is pertinent to mention that all the concerns mentioned are being addressed through the mitigation measures detailed in the Environment Management Plan (EMP, Chapter 7).
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5.0
POLLUTION SOURCES - CHARACTERISTICS, QUANTIFICATION AND PREDICTION

POLLUTION SOURCES
5.1
Pollutants generated due to project activities during both the construction and operation phase are solid, liquid and gaseous in nature. Also the generation of pollution could be continuous, periodic or accidental. Sources of pollutants and their characteristics during the construction and operation phase are given below in Table 5.1.
TABLE 5.1: POLLUTANT SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS
SN
Activity / Area
Pollutant
Pollutant Characteristics
Frequency
CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Ground working and leveling Air emissions SPM, RSPM, CO, NOx, SO2 Dust from construction activities and excavation. Particulates, NOx and CO from vehicle exhaust Temporary during construction phase only- bulk of the emissions are expected from ground working and leveling activities. Periodic. Temporary during initial construction phase. Temporary during the initial construction phase Temporary during the initial construction phase
Earth / solid waste Noise
2.
Labour Camps
Sewage
Solid Waste
Solid waste from construction activity and excavation. Noise generated from construction equipment and machinery Sewage generated from temporary labour camps on site Solid Waste generated from temporary labour camps on site
OPERATION PHASE 1. 2. Vehicular movement Diesel power generators Air emissions and noise Air emissions Noise Waste 3. Restaurants Wastewater Domestic Solid waste Sewage Domestic Solid Wastes Vehicle exhaust emissions SO2, NOx, SPM, CO from fuel burning Noise due to running of equipment Used Oil Generation Wastewater containing waste food matter Garbage / Food waste Wastewater BOD, S.S, Pathogens Bio-degradable and nonbiodegradable wastes Continuous / Periodic Periodic, only during power failure Periodic Periodic, during oil changes Continuous / Periodic Continuous Continuous Continuous small quantities
4.
Shops and Offices
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SN 5 Activity / Area Entertainment area and Cinema halls Pollutant Sewage Domestic Solid Waste 6. Raw water treatment Sewage treatment Plant Diesel Storage Wastewater Solid waste Solid waste Treated water Solid waste Oil

Frequency Continuous Continuous small quantities Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Occasional Accidental / Only due to poor housekeeping
7.
8.
9.
Maintenance / housekeeping Air conditioners Vehicle Parking Area Storm water drains
Wastewater Solid waste Air emission Oil Spills Wastewater
10. 11. 12.
Pollutant Characteristics Wastewater BOD, S.S, Pathogens Bio-degradable and nonbiodegradable wastes Backwash water discharge Sludge from coagulation process Settled and stabilized sludge Treated sewage used for horticulture Settled sludge during tank cleaning Oil spillage Accidental large spills due to pipe rupture Oil Spillage - Small quantities due to small pipe leaks Floor washing Used equipment parts and garden wastes Ozone Depleting Substance release Minor oil leaks in parking lot Contamination discharge from site Mainly suspended solids
Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous small quantities During rainy season
5.2
AIR EMISSIONS AND NOISE
Air emissions have no boundaries and can migrate between areas depending upon the wind direction and speed. The sources of air emission can be grouped into three categories of point, area and line sources:
A point source is a single source of emission with an identified location, such as an industry; An area source is when the sources of emission are many widely distributed point sources have relatively comparable significance; and A line source is when the sources of emissions from a number of fixed or moving facilities have relatively comparable significance, such as roads.
5.2.1 PREDICTED AIR EMISSIONS FROM THE SITE For the purposes of modeling the movement and dispersion of air emissions, the following section details the potential emissions from the construction/operational activities at the proposed site. The modeling details are provided in Section 6.2.
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CONSTRUCTION PHASE During the construction phase, SPM is expected to be the main pollutant associated with on-site roads (paved and unpaved), stockpiles and material handling. In this case, pollution emission sources shall be distributed throughout the project site and shall fall under the category of area source. The land acquired is fairly flat, so extensive formation work is not expected during this phase. It is assumed that most of the excavated material shall be used within the project, with minimal cut and fill material to come from outside the site. Due to the confined nature of heavy construction activity during this limited period, tailpipe emissions from construction equipment are assumed to be essentially negligible. In the absence of information regarding the quantity and type of construction equipment to be deployed at any particular time, emission factors for construction activities were used for emissions estimates. Overall SPM emissions were estimated using the emission factor of 1.2 tons SPM/month of activity/acre as per AP-42 Section 13.2.3.3 (U.S.EPA, 1995). This emission factor is most useful for developing estimates of overall emissions from construction throughout a geographical area and most applicable to construction operations with medium activity level, moderate silt contents, and semiarid climate (U.S. EPA, 1995). The derivation of the factor assumes that construction activity occurs 30 days per month, making the above estimate somewhat conservatively high for total suspended particulate (U.S. EPA, 1995). The total area of the site is approximately 8.25 acres. The entire site will not be simultaneously under heavy construction, with most activities occurring in a progressive manner. Emissions of SPM were conservatively calculated by estimating the emissions from the construction of the multi-storey tower, at the centre of the site. In this case, assuming 24 hours of construction activity, an area of approximately 9700 m2 (was used (AS in Figure 6.1 in Section 6.0). The overall SPM emitted from this area source with no control is 1.144 10 -4 g/m2/s. OPERATIONAL PHASE During the operational phase, the diesel generator sets to be operated for back-up power supply are the major source of air pollution. From this point source, the following pollutants are expected:
SO2, SPM, CO, and NOx emissions.
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Diesel Generator Set Fuel Combustion
Point Source
To serve as a 100% back-up power supply, nine diesel generators of 1500 KVA connected to individual stacks shall be installed. Each of them will be provided with scrubbers, which will reduce the Sulphur content to quite an extent thereby improving the air quality. The number of diesel generator sets operated shall be based on the load requirement, thus conserving fuel. As a worst-case scenario, emissions were predicted assuming an operation time of 24 hours. These generators are to be located in the Electric Substation area located in the basement of the site (see PS-1 on Figure 6.1 in Section 6.0). The characteristics of the diesel generators are provided in the following table: TABLE 5.2 DIESEL GENERATOR SET SPECIFICATIONS Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Particulars No of DG sets No of stacks Oil consumption (L/hr) Sulphur content (%) Density of oil (kg/m3) Height of stack (m) Diameter of stack (m) Gas flow rate (m3/s) Exit velocity of gas (m/s) 1500 KVA 9 9 252.5 0.5 880 30 0.5 3.46 26.4
The following table provides emission factors and corresponding emission rates of PM (used for SPM), SO2, NOx, and CO. TABLE 5.3 - EMISSION RATES FROM DIESEL GENERATOR SET Pollutant Particulate matter (SPM) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Nitrogen dioxide (NOx) Carbon monoxide (CO) Emission Rate (g/s) 0.07 0.40 0.67 0.15
Emission rates of SPM, NOx, and CO were calculated using the MoEF emission limits for new diesel engines for generator sets (greater than 800 kW) in conjunction with the gas flow rate as specified in Table 5.3, after incorporating the necessary temperature corrections. The emission rate of SO2 was based on the oil consumption rate and the sulphur content in the fuel, as
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provided by CPCB standards of Sulphur content in HSD (commercial grade) after the year 2005. The generator sets would be provided with scrubbers, which will help in reducing the sulphur content considerably in the emissions (0.05%) thereby improving the quality of the air. 5.2.2 NOISE EMISSIONS SOURCES The assessment of the impacts of noise on the surrounding community depends upon:

characteristics of noise source (instantaneous, intermittent, or continuous in nature, with the latter contributing the least to noise pollution); time of day at which noise occurs; and location of noise source with respect to noise sensitive receptor.
For the purposes of predicting noise emissions impacts from the site, the noise emission sources were examined during both construction and operational phases. CONSTRUCTION PHASE The description of construction activity as detailed in Section 5.2.1 (with regards to spatial phasing and type of sources) is also pertinent to the noise emissions emitted in the construction phase. Sources of noise emissions are expected from various types of construction equipment. General noise levels generated from the operation of equipment and machinery are provided in Table 5.4 below:
TABLE 5.4:
NOISE LEVELS GENERATED FROM CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Noise Level at 16 m (50 ft) from Source in dB (A) 87 81 85 70 77 81 83 Not considered 86 88 100 80 Noise Level at 1 m from Source (calculated) in dB (A) 111 105 109 94 101 105 107 75 (as prescribed by CPCB) 110 112 124 104
Name of Source
Air Compressor Back Hoe/Loader Concrete Mixer Truck Concrete Pumper Concrete Vibrators Cranes - mobile Dump Truck Generator Hammering Jackhammer Pile Driver Radial Arm Saw
Source: www.gvrd.bc.ca/education/pdf04/ColumbiaWorkshop1-ConstructionNoise.pdf
The MoEF has not yet prescribed noise emission specifications for construction equipment. However, the limited information available is provided in Table 5.5.
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TABLE 5.5 NOISE LIMITS FOR APPLIANCES AND CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AT MANUFACTURING STAGE Equipment Window Air Conditioner Air Cooler Diesel Generators Compactors (rollers), Front Loaders, Concrete Mixers, Cranes, Vibrators, and Saws Noise Limit dB (A) 68 60 85-90 75
The resultant noise emission level, as calculated from information provided in Table 5.4 is 125 dB (A), using the following equation and considering all pertinent equipment to be in operation:
Li n Leq,T = 10 log1 / n 10 10 i =1
Where, Li = levels observed at n equally spaced times during interval T. As a worst-case scenario, this resultant noise level of 125 dB (A) was subsequently used to predict noise exposure patterns in Section 6.2.3. OPERATIONAL PHASE During the operational phase, the diesel power generators will be the major source of noise. Diesel Generator Sets The diesel generators will be located in the multilevel basement of the shopping mall (see PS1 on Figure 6.1 in Section 6.0). The noise level of each diesel generator set will be 75 dB (A), as prescribed by the MoEF. The total resultant sound pressure level of 9 diesel generator sets was determined to be 85 dB (A) by the addition of sound intensities, using the following formulas:
Ptotal Po
2 2
P1 Po
2 2
P2 Po
2 2
........
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Ptotal 2 Sound Pressure (Total) in dB (A) = 10 log P2 o

Where: P = Sound Intensity (W/m2)
To keep the noise levels under permissible limits, the DG set manufacturer is to take sufficient measures to achieve the targets of noise as per laws. The attenuation of this noise level is provided in Section 6.2.3. 5.3 WATER AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
5.3.1 WATER REQUIREMENTS Water requirement during the construction phase will be met from water tankers to be arranged by the project developers. DJB (Delhi Jal Board) is committed to cater to the water requirements of the project during the operational phase. However, in the event of nonavailability of water or for any excess requirement of water during the operational phase, the proponents are proposing backup with the aid of rainwater collection in the reservoirs which will be duly treated, water recycling and water tankers (in case of water supply failure). It is also emphasized that at any stage of the project, groundwater reserves would not be exploited for the water requirement. The water requirements during various phases of the project are discussed below: A) CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The project implementation would involve various construction activities. The following section summarizes the water requirement, its sources and management of wastewater. Site development: Development of site for the proposed development involves excavation, leveling of the ground surface and stock piling. However as the project site is flat with no vegetation cover, the leveling activities would result in very less water usage. Water requirement for any use at this stage would be provided from water tankers. Similarly, the generation of domestic wastewater can be managed on site. Construction of building infrastructure:
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The construction of building infrastructure that includes commercial and other units, entertainment block, food courts, restaurants, cinema halls etc would require water and may generate waste water too. Water demand during construction phase would be for:
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Construction activities. Domestic use. Construction phase may last for a period of approximately two years in order to complete the earthwork, foundation lying, superstructure development, service provision and finishing. Ambience is carrying out concreting work with RMC procured from outside Delhi. Only foundation and superstructure development along with curing of the structure are water intensive. The water requirement is being met from the water tankers. B) OPERATIONAL PHASE
DAILY WATER REQUIREMENT AND SOURCES : Daily requirement of water for the entire Complex as per NBC norms after taking allowance for conservation measures proposed for the complex, based on the number of users and for other services will be as follows:
(i)
Domestic Water Requirement

Description Total Liters/ Day 1575 Domestic Liters/ Day 709 Flushing Liters/ Day 866
Three Level Basements Water requirement @ 35 Lit/Person for 45 employees for management and maintenance Ground Floor Water requirement @ 35 Lit/Person for 226 employees in 101 Nos. Retail Shops 3 anchor stores Water requirement for Caf Shop (L.S.) Water requirement @ 4 lit/person for 3668 visitors at Upper ground floor Total area 11004 sqmt occupant load @ 3 sqmt/visitor First Floor Water requirement @ 35 Lit/Person for 186 employees in 81 Retail Shops and 3 Nos. anchor stores
7910 3000 14672
3560 2250 6602
4350 750 8070
6510
2930
3580
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Water requirement for Caf shops (L.S.) Water requirement @ 4 lit/person for 1761 visitors at First floor Total area 10563 sqmt occupant load @ 6 sqmt/visitor Second Floor Water requirement @ 35 Lit/Person for 186 employees in 81 Retail Shops and 3 Nos. anchor stores Water requirement for Caf shop (L.S.) Water requirement @ 4 lit/person for 1726 visitors at Second floor Total area 10355 sqmt occupant load @ 6 sqmt/visitor Third Floor Water requirement @ 35 Lit/Person for 106 employees in 49 Retail Shops and 1 No. Anchor store Water requirement for Disco (L.S.) Water requirement for Caf Shop (L.S.) Water requirement for 4 lit/person for 1616 visitors at Third Floor Total area 9693 sqmt occupant load @ 6 sqmt/visitor Water requirement for 7 Nos. Restaurants @ 50 lit/seat for 400 seats Water requirement for Food Courts with 8 Nos. stalls (L.S.)
3000 7044
2250 3170
750 3874
6510
2930
3580
3000 6904
2250 3107
750 3797
3710
1670
2040
5000 3000 6464
3750 2250 2909
1250 750 3555
20000 7500
15000 5625
5000 1875
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Water requirement for Family Entertainment 5000 Centre (L.S.) Water requirement for Al Frasco Dining @ 50 7500 Lit/seat for 150 seats Water requirement @ 15 lit/seat for 300 seats in the 4500 4 Nos. Multiplexes Water requirement for coffee shop in multi level 3000 car parking Water requirement for filter backwash working @ 5 5000 hr/day Fire Fighting make up 1500 Scrubber 12000 Wastage 1000 Total 145299 Lit/day Say 145300 Lit/day
3750 5625 2025 2250 -1500 -1000 77112 Lit/day Say 77100 Lit/day
1250 1875 2475 750 5000 -12000 -68187 Lit/day Say 68200 Lit/day
As per suggestions of NBC, water requirement for occupants is 45 litres/day/ person and for visitors the requirement is 6 litres/day/person. The project proponents for the proposed project has incorporated water requirement of 35 litres/day/person for the occupants and 4 litres/day/person for the visitors by providing 3 litres capacity WC flushing cistern, sensor operated urinals and taps inorder to minimize the wastage of water. The urinals shall also be provided with the economical water closets to further reduce water consumption. Dry type urinals are also proposed to be used selectively.
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(ii)
Process Water Requirement not available for Recycling Quantity 18000 lit/day 18000 lit/day
S.No. 1 2
Description 9 Nos. DG Set assuming operation @ 2 Hr./Day Irrigation water requirement @ 3 lit/sqmt/day for 6000 sqmt landscaped area Makeup for water body Total (1+2+3)
4000 lit/day 40000 lit/day
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iii)
VOLUME OF WATER RECYCLED BY STP S.No. Description Quantity 1 2 Volume of water entering STP Treated water available from STP for recycle, diversity @ 85% Water requirement for flushing & scrubber Water requirement for processes Water available for recharging to ground water table (2 3 4) 145300 Lit/Day 123505 Lit/Day Say 123500 Lit/Day 68200 Lit/Day 40000 Lit/Day 15300 Lit/Day
3 4 5
(iv)
Rainwater Collection Potential for Reuse or Recharging S.No. Description Quantity Lit/Day 33415 Sqmt 27415 Sqmt 6000 Sqmt
1 2 3 4
Total Plot area Paved area (catchment area) Landscaped area Maximum amount of rainfall than can be harvested from paved area Paved area Annual rainfall Run off coefficient at tiles surface
5 6 7
27415 Sqmt 0.794 m 0.85
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Coefficient for evaporation, spillage and first flush etc. Rain water collection per year 27415 x 0.794 x 0.85 x 0.825 = 15264.466 cum
0.825
15264466 Lit (I)
10
Maximum amount of rainfall that can be harvested from landscaped area Landscaped area Annual rainfall Run off coefficient per lawn 6000 Sqmt 0.794 m 0.125
11 12 13
14
Rain water collection per year 6000 x 0.794 x 0.125 = 595.5 cum Total rain water collection for reuse/recharging/harvesting (I) + (II) 15264466 + 595500
595500 Lit (II)
15
15859966 Lit/Yr. Or 43452 Lit/Day
(v) Net Water Stress S.No. Description 1 Water available for recharging from the complex iii (5) Water available for recharging from rain harvesting Total water available for recharging/harvesting Fresh water required for domestic use Net water stress (4-3) Quantity Liters/day 15300 lit/day
43452 Lit/Day
3 4 5
58752 Lit/Day 77100 lit/day 18348 Lit/Day Say 18300 Lit/Day
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Hence the total water requirement of the proposed compelx is 185 KLD of which 77 KLD shall be met by Delhi Jal Board/Water Tanker and 123 KLD shall be available from STP thus leaving 15 KLD for recharging/reharvesting in the area and 44 KLD shall be added by rainwater collection/harvesting and therefore adding a total of about 59 KLD for adding to ground to augment the water table in the area. Shortfall of domestic water requirements if any from DJB shall be met by Water Tankers/reuse of rainwater stored in the reservoir. In such eventuality domestic requirements of 77 KLD will be met by way of 34 KLD by water tankers and 43 KLD from rain water stored in the reservoir. In that case recharging to ground water table will remain at 16 KLD only. However, net water stress shall remain unaffected at 18 KLD. It can be seen from the above table(s) that the total water demand for domestic consumption is estimated at 77 cum per day excluding flushing requirements during the operational phase. The demand for process requirement has been calculated as 52 cum per day, which includes the water requirement for DG sets cooling, scrubber and irrigation etc.. Water would be required for fire fighting system, but not on a daily basis. Hence a fixed amount has been allocated in the reservoir dedicated to fire fighting system, which is included in the domestic demand estimations. DJB supply will be the main source of water for the mall complex catering to the domestic demand of 77 cum per day. Other demands, which include flushing, irrigation and water bodies etc. would be completely met from the recycled treated water. In the case of failure of city water supply and in emergency, alternate arrangements are planned by way of procuring water from tankers or rain water stored in the reservoir, as there would be no groundwater exploitation for the project requirements. Water conservation is an important part of sustainable living and in order to optimize the water requirement in the project, the developers would incorporate the component of water conservation by means of rainwater harvesting and water recycling (discussed in detail in EMP), using fixtures which are low flow and water efficient models such as 3 litre capacity WC flushing system, sensor operated urinals and taps to minimize the wastage of water along with employee education and awareness programme and selective use of dry type urinals. As per the approved plans from DDA, various mitigative measures shall be proposed to further minimize the impacts.
5.3.2 WATER BALANCE

It has been mentioned before that the domestic water requirements will be met from the DJB Water supply scheme. The water requirement for flushing, DG sets, landscaping and other purposes would be met from duly treated recycled water. However, in case of failure of DJB, water requirements are planned to be met partly by tankers and partly by rainwater harvesting by way of collecting the rain water in the specifically built reservoirs, which would be duly treated before use in the shopping mall complex otherwise it will be recharged to the ground to augment the water table in the area. Water tankers will be used only in case of any emergency or failure of water supply by DJB or insufficiency of the water reservoir. There will not be any groundwater extraction at any stage of the project.
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Elaborate plans have been made for channelizing the storm water by constructing water drains leading to the reservoirs. In order to minimize the surface runoff loss, groundwater recharging through groundwater recharge pits at the project site has been planned. Appropriate design considerations have been taken while designing the recharge pits. There is no boundary wall surrounding the total project area including between the adjacent plots. Hence, there will be free flowing surface runoff water, which will be adequately channelized towards the reservoir/tanks to be used to compliment the project needs after due treatment and also for groundwater recharging.
Presently, the construction of a storm water collection drain near the site by the DDA is already on.
TABLE 5.6: ESTIMATE OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING
S No Particulars Paved Area 1 Area (Sq.M) 27415 2 Runoff Coefficient 0.85 3 Coefficient of Evaporation, 0.825 spillage and first flush etc 4 Rainfall (M) 0.794 5 Rainwater collection per year (cum) 15264.466 Total Water Available from Rainwater Collection
Landscaped Area 6000 0.125 0.794 595.5 15860 cum/year
The total annual rainwater harvesting potential of the project site is 15860 cum, which amounts to about 43 cum of water harvested per day. As discussed before, the rainwater is proposed to be channelized for storage in reservoirs to be used for project needs after due treatment and also for groundwater recharging through the recharge pits. Hence, the project aims at optimizing the given water resources as well as augmenting the present groundwater resources during its operation phase. Please refer to Figure 5.1 for the schematic representation of project water requirement.
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FIGURE 5.1: WATER BALANCE FLOW CHART 185 M/day Project Demand
18 M/day 145 M/day
Domestic
Process Water & Other Uses
22 M/day
Landscaping
Net Water Stress/Requirement
19 M/day
58 M/day
Ground Water Recharging
Process Water & Other Uses
22 M/day
18 M/day Landscaping
68 M/day
Flushing
145 M/day Water into STP 43 M/Day
Total Outside Requirement
77 M/day
Rain Water Harvesting Potential & Water Recycling for Project Uses
123 M/day (Water from STP) + 43 M/day (Treated rainwater)
DJB SUPPLY WATER
STP
Tanker Water
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5.3.3 WASTEWATER QUANTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS The wastewater generation during construction and operational phase is described below: A) CONSTRUCTION PHASE
As discussed earlier wastewater stream during construction period shall be from transit labour colonies and wastewater from construction activities. Wastewater generation due to construction activities would be very less. Since the project lies in an urban stretch, preference would be given to the employment of labours local to the area. This would result in settlement of less labour colonies in the project site and hence less wastewater generation from the transit labour settlements. Wastewater generation from labour colonies shall not exceed 8 m3 per day. B) OPERATIONAL PHASE
During this phase, it has been assumed that 80 % of the water supplied will be discharged as wastewater (Source: Manual on sewerage and sewage treatment, published by Government of India). Hence approximately 50 m3 per day of domestic effluent would be generated. Wastewater generated is expected to have characteristics and pollution load as shown in Table 5.7. TABLE 5.7: EXPECTED WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTION LOAD SN Parameter Concentration in wastewater Mg/l 7.5-8.5 350 700 10 10 5 - 10 7 MPN 600-800 20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7
pH Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD3 at 27C) mg/l Chemical; oxygen Demand (COD) Detergents E Coli Suspended solids Total solids Oil and Grease
* Calculated for wastewater generation of 165 m3 /day
The wastewater with the foresaid characteristics can neither be discharged into inland surface water nor reused. Suitable treatment would be given to the wastewater so as to meet CPCB requirements depending upon the end use.
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It is proposed to install a sewage treatment plant of capacity 1,50,000 litres per day, to recover the recycled water of quality suitable for use as make up water for the cooling towers of the air conditioning system, for diesel generator cooling system and for scrubber system. The proposed process would be a high efficiency aerobic treatment scheme based on SAFF (Submerged Aerated Fixed Film) principal using fine bubble diffused aeration. The proposed treatment plant would be a self operating system with low power consumption, minimum maintenance and minimum space requirement. The treated wastewater shall meet the standard required for discharge on land for horticulture. Table 5.8 gives the comparison of the standards that would be met by the treated wastewater and quality norms prescribed for discharge on land by irrigation.
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TABLE 5.8: DISCHARGE NORMS FOR WASTEWATER

Parameters Quality Norms Quality Norms for Proposed Treated Discharge On land for Discharge in inland Effluent standard for irrigation surface water Ambi mall mg/l 5.5 to 9.0 100 200 10 mg/l 6.5 to 7.5 < 15 < 100 <30 < 10
pH Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD3 at 27C) mg/l Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/l Suspended Solids Oil and Grease
5.5-9.0 30 250 100 10
5.4
SOLID AND OTHER WASTES
Waste quantification and characterization exercise is being carried out to estimate the quantum and type of waste that would be generated by different activities due to proposed project during construction and operation phase. The estimated quantity and quality of waste would serve as a baseline for designing collection, transportation, treatment and disposal options for solid waste generated due to proposed project. 5.4.1 WASTE SOURCES AND QUANTIFICATION Description of solid and other wastes generated from the site during construction and operation phases of the project is given in Table 5.9.
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TABLE 5.9: EXPECTED WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND LOAD

S. No. Activity / Area Waste Generated and Quantity Waste Characteristics Frequency of Generation
CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Earth Working and Construction Labour camps Construction Wastes Domestic wastes negligible quantity Earth, Stones, concrete, bricks, lumber etc. Mainly wastes wastes bio-degradable including food Larger quantities will be generated in construction phase. Temporary during construction phase.
2.
OPERATION PHASE 1. Institutional area Domestic waste Biodegradable wastes (food waste) and non-biodegradable wastes (paper, plastics etc.) Combustible (paper, cardboard, rags, cloth, packing material) and Noncombustible (metals, glass bottles, plastic) etc. Dirt and dust, catch basin dirt, leaves etc. Waste oil Stabilized sludge to be used as manure for the landscaping. Daily
2.
Commercial areas
Daily
3. 4. 5.
Complex roads Utilities including Power generation Sewage Treatment Plant
Street sweepings Waste from oil STP Sludge
Daily Only during oil changes six monthly. Every week after sludge drying operation.
Waste quantification has been done based on the activities proposed in the project master plan. The waste generation for each activity has been estimated based on National and International standards applicable in similar setting. The following section gives the details of the type of waste generated by different activity, waste generation factors and assumptions used for estimating waste generation. Waste quantification and characterization exercise is being carried out to estimate the quantum and type of waste that would be generated by different activities at the shopping mall during the construction and operation phase.
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5.4.2 WASTE QUANTIFICATION A) CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Construction activities create solid wastes that need to be disposed. Such wastes include sand, concrete, gravel, stone, bricks, plastic, paper, wood, metal and glass. According to a report prepared by the Technology Information, Forecasting, and Assessment Council (TIFAC), estimated waste generation during construction and demolition operations is 60 kg/m2 and 500 kg/m2 respectively (TIFAC, 2001). Based on the above, on average, approximately 2.75 MT of waste would be generated from the project site per day. This waste after sorting can be used for backfilling in the basement and for leveling purposes. B) OPERATIONAL PHASE
Waste quantification has been carried out based on the activities proposed in the project master plan. Waste generation factors for each activity are as per the National and International standards applicable in similar setting. Following section outlines details of the type of waste generated by different activities. Commercial waste: Commercial waste would be generated from the commercial area, which includes food joints, cinema halls, restaurants, retail shops and other commercial activities. Waste generation factor for commercial waste as specified in the Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management is 0.10 kg/cap/day Garden and open spaces: Waste from open spaces and garden comprise of horticultural waste that will be generated by periodical lawn mowing and trimming of trees. Horticulture waste generated is based on the experience in other projects with similar setting. Assumed waste generation factor for horticulture waste is 15 kg/acre / day or .0037 kg/ sq m /day. Table 5.10 gives detail of the estimated waste generation in Ambi Mall, Delhi. TABLE 5.10: ESTIMATED WASTE GENERATION IN AMBI MALL FOR DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES
Facilities Provided Waste generation norms per unit Basis of Assumption Unit Total Waste Generated (Kg /day) 1460 64 1524
Commercial 0.10 kg/cap/day area Garden & open 15 kg/Acre/day or space 0.0037 kg/sq m/day Total Waste Generated (kg/day)
14,600 people Discussion with Horticulturists 17315 Sq. m
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5.4.3 WASTE CHARACTERIZATION Waste characterization for the proposed project has been carried out on the basis of waste characterization studies in similar settings. The following section details the estimated waste generation for proposed project during construction and operation phases. A) CONSTRUCTION PHASE
During the construction phase, a considerable quantum (90%) of waste generated at the project site would be inert waste, which largely comprising of clay, sand, gravel, untreated wood (natural wood, no paint), brick, concrete, concrete block, asphalt, pipes, conduits and light steel material. A major portion of this waste will be used for backfilling the basement and other leveling purposes. Table 5.11 gives an estimate of the average composition of waste that shall be generated from the onsite construction activities. TABLE 5.11: WASTE COMPOSITION CONSTRUCTION PHASE S. No. Constituents Percentage Composition 1 Soil, Sand and Gravel 34.99 2 Brick and Masonry 29.95 3 Concrete 24.98 4 Metal 4.97 5 Bitumen 2.04 6 Wood 2.04 7 Other 1.02 Total 100
Source: Derived from TIFAC Report Utilization of Waste from Construction Industry , 2001
B)
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Waste generated during this phase can be broadly subdivided into following waste streams. a) Biodegradable b) Recyclable c) Inert /non recyclable Table 5.12 shows the estimated composition of waste generated in Ambi Mall during operation phase.
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TABLE 5.12: ESTIMATED WASTE COMPOSITION FOR AMBI MALL SN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Characteristics of Waste Physical Characteristics Paper and paper board Glass /ceramics Metals Plastics Rubber and Leather Textile Wood Food waste Others (Garden and Inert) Total Units % % % % % % Percentage Composition 40 5 3 11 1 2 1 18 19 100
5.5 OTHER STRESSORS LEADING TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Change in Landscape of the site: The landscape of the area will change with the coming up of shopping mall project. The large vista, interconnected lawns and open green areas will change the aesthetics of the local area. Site Traffic: The project may cause an increase in the traffic density around the proposed shopping mall complex. Areas that will be impacted include the Nelson Mandela Road. DDA is preparing a detailed Traffic Management Plan for the area as a part of the proposed project.
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6.0
6.1
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
INTRODUCTION
The primary function of an environmental impact assessment study is to predict and quantify potential impacts, assess and evaluate the magnitude and their importance to develop an environmental management plan to mitigate the impacts. Environmental impacts could be positive or negative, direct or indirect, local or regional and also reversible or irreversible. Baseline environmental conditions at the proposed site for various parameters were provided in Chapter 4 whereas Chapter 5 provides the various pollution loads and stressors that could impact the environment. This chapter discusses the incremental impacts on the environmental parameters during the construction and operation phases of the project. The potential impacts have been identified in Table 6.1 and their significance is discussed in Chapter 7 titled Environmental Management Plan. TABLE 6.1: IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PHASE
SN Components Aspect Potential Impact
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1. Ambient Quality Dust emissions from site Air preparation, excavation, material handling and other construction activities at site. Minor negative impact inside shopping mall premises. Minor negative impact outside shopping mall site. Short term Minor negative impact near noise Noise generated from generation sources inside premises. construction activities, operation No significant impact on ambient noise levels at sensitive receptors. of construction equipment. Short term Surface runoff from project site. No significant negative impact. Short term Oil/fuel and waste spills. Improper debris disposal Discharge of sewage from labour camp. Land development Minor positive impact Site development Construction activity leading to topsoil removal and erosion. Habitat disturbance during construction activity Increased job opportunities. Economy related to commercial real estate development, material supply etc. expected to boom. No Significant Impacts Minor negative impact No negative impact Overall positive impact
2.
Noise
3.
Water quality
4 5 6. 7. 8.
Landuse and Aesthetics Topography and Geology Soils Ecology Flora and Fauna Socio-economy
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Environmental Impact Assessment SN 9. Components Traffic Pattern Aspect Haul Truck movement and possibility of traffic congestion.
Potential Impact Minor negative impact
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Ambient Air Quality Particulate and gaseous emissions from DG sets during power failure and increased vehicular movement Noise from vehicle movement and operation of diesel generator sets during power failure. Oil/fuel and waste spills. Discharge of sewage. Discharge of contaminated storm water Use of 185 KLD of water at peak demand Storage and disposal of solid and other wastes Discharge of sewage Fuel and material spills Pesticides use Landuse change Use of Treated effluent for horticulture/greenbelt Increased job opportunity in the new commercial complex
1.
Minor negative impact Minor negative impact inside premises. No significant impact at sensitive receptors. No significant adverse impact
2. 3.
Noise Water Quality
4. 5
Water usage Soils
No negative impact No negative impact
6.
Ecology Flora and Fauna
No negative impact
7.
Socio-economy
Overall positive impact
8.
Traffic Pattern
The shopping mall is likely to Moderate negative Impact add significantly to the predicted traffic during peak hours.
6.2
IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT
The impact on the air environment has been carried out by the use of USEPA approved models and is discussed in subsequent sections.
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6.2.1 AIR DISPERSION MODEL USED Air dispersion modeling can be used to predict atmospheric concentrations of pollutants at specific locations (receptors) over specific averaging times (i.e. annual, daily, and hourly). An atmospheric dispersion model accounts for the emissions from a source; estimates how high into the atmosphere they will go, how widely they will spread and how far they will travel based on temporal meteorological data; and outputs the pattern of concentrations that will occur for various exposure periods, thereby providing the exposure risks for different receptors. The U.S. EPA Industrial Source Complex 3 (ISC3) air dispersion model was used to predict ground level concentrations of the contaminants emitted from area and point sources at the site during both construction and operational phases. In order to model contaminants the ISC3 model required: hourly meteorological data as described in Section 4.2.1 the source description including emission rates of the various contaminants, type of source (i.e. area, and point), and source emissions characteristics, as described in Section 5.2.1. the receptor locations and grid (as indicated on Figure 6.1), designed based on the site coordinates, receptor locations and nature of sources.
Predicted concentrations were calculated for the critical pollutants assessed in this study, over appropriate averaging times (i.e. 8hour and 24hour) based on the applicability of the NAAQS. The averaging periods used in this study are as follows: a) Maximum 24Hour Concentrations under expected operating conditions; This case provides a prediction of the maximum concentrations of contaminants at each receptor for a 24hour period during which meteorological conditions were least conducive to dispersing pollutants, and does not include the effect of precipitation. b) Maximum 8Hour Concentrations under expected operating conditions; and This averaging period is only used for carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in this study.
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FIGURE 6.1: MODELING GRID OF AMBI MALL SITE
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6.2.2 ESTIMATES OF GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS The results of the air dispersion modeling exercises completed in ISC3 are presented during both phases of the project. The DG sets to be installed in the project complex would have scrubbers to help reduce the Suphur content in the emission gases. During each phase, the maximum modeled concentration along with the spatial distribution of pollutants concentrations are provided in the following subsections.
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A)
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The maximum 24 hrs predicted ground level concentration of SPM is 36.4 g/m3 and is occurred on the project site itself during the construction activity. Figure 6.2 shows the spatial distribution of the SPM around the construction activity. FIGURE 6.2: PREDICTED SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPM (G/M3) DURING CONSTRUCTION
PHASE
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B)
OPERATIONAL PHASE
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (SPM) The predicted 24 hrs averaged maximum ground level concentrations (GLCs) of SPM is 7.57 g/m3, occurring inside the project premises. For the project premises, as a worst-case scenario for DG sets operating for 4 hrs, predicted averaged maximum ground level concentrations (GLCs) is 0.8 g/m3, occurring inside the project premises. The predicted maximum concentrations for the above situations are well below the NAAQS limit of 200 g/m3. Figure 6.3 shown below represents the predicted spatial distribution of pollutant concentration around the project site. FIGURE 6.3 PREDICTED SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPM (G/M3) FROM DG-SETS
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SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SO2) The predicted 24 hrs averaged maximum ground level concentrations (GLCs) is 40.7 g/m3, occurring inside the project premises. For the project premises, as a worst-case scenario for DG sets operating for 4 hrs, predicted averaged maximum ground level concentrations (GLCs) is 4.5 g/m3, occurring inside the project premises. The predicted maximum concentrations for the above situations are well below the NAAQS limit of 80 g/m3. Figure 6.4 shown below represents the predicted spatial distribution of pollutant concentration around the project site. FIGURE 6.4 PREDICTED SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SO2 (G/M3) FROM DG-SETS
NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) The predicted 24 hrs averaged maximum ground level concentrations (GLCs) for NOx is 68.2 g/m3, occurring inside the project premises. For the project premises, as a worst-case scenario for DG sets operating for 4 hrs, predicted averaged maximum ground level concentrations (GLCs) is 7.6 g/m3, occurring inside the project premises. The predicted maximum concentrations for the above situations are well below the NAAQS limit of 80 g/m3. Figure
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6.5 shown below represents the predicted spatial distribution of pollutant concentration around the project site. FIGURE 6.5 PREDICTED SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NOX (G/M3) FROM DG-SETS
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) The predicted 8 hrs averaged maximum ground level concentrations (GLCs) for CO is 34.3 g/m3, occurring inside the project premises. For the project premises, as a worst-case scenario for DG sets operating for 4 hrs, predicted averaged maximum ground level concentrations (GLCs) is 15.8 g/m3, occurring inside the project premises. The predicted maximum concentrations for the above situations are well below the NAAQS limit of 2000 g/m3. Figure 6.6 shown below represents the predicted spatial distribution of pollutant concentration around the project site.
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FIGURE 6.6 - PREDICTED SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CO (G/M3) FROM DG-SETS
6.3
IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT
The results of the noise modeling exercise are presented during construction and operational phases of the project. A) CONSTRUCTION PHASE
For an approximate estimation of propagation of noise in the ambient air from the area or point source, a standard mathematical model for sound wave propagation used is as follows: Noise (Receptor) = Noise (Source) - 20 Log [distance (Receptor) / distance (Source)] For the modeling purposes, flat terrain were considered, while additional environmental attenuation factors were not considered so as to formulate the worst-case scenario. Based on this assumption, the distances at which the resultant noise level of 125 dB (A) shall be mingled with ambient baseline noise levels are presented in Table 6.2. The distances are provided
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considering ambient noise levels 75, 70, 65, and 55 dB (A). The table below indicates the levels of noise experienced at respective distances from the construction site. TABLE 6.2: NOISE PROPAGATION FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES Noise Level (dB (A)) Distance from source (m) 75 125 70 225 65 400 55 1250 As determined from the site-specific Noise monitoring survey, the daytime baseline noise level at the site is 54 dB (A) (see Table 4.10). Thus, for noise generated by construction activities to be reduced to background noise levels, all sensitive receptors (i.e. labour colonies) must be located approximately 400 meters from the construction noise generating activities. With respect to occupational exposure, the permissible threshold is 95 dB (A). The noise levels presented above are without mitigation measures. It is assumed that with the adoption of the mitigation measures, including measures related to occupational noise, as provided in the Environmental Management Plan (Chapter 7), noise levels will be further restricted within very short distances from the source. In addition, uncontrolled noise levels generated from construction equipment (Chapter 5), in the range of 94-111 dB (A) have been considered for prediction purposes. However, the CPCB standards specified for limited construction equipment reflect that noise emission specifications for such equipment should not exceed 75 dB (A). Adherence to this standard will lower the resultant noise emission level from construction activities. B) OPERATIONAL PHASE
During the operational phase of the site, noise pollution will be generated by the diesel generator sets. i) Diesel Generator Sets
The resultant noise level expected from all diesel generator sources in simultaneous operation is approximately 102 dB (A). The modeling results from a point source generating noise at approximately this level are shown in Figure 6.7.
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FIGURE 6.7: ATTENUATION OF RESULTANT NOISE LEVEL OF DIESEL GENERATOR SETS

Attenuation of Noise Levels in Operation Phase
115 105
Noise Level dB(A)
95 85 75 65 55 45 35 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 Distance from Source (M)
Resultant Noise Levels
As per the US EPA, a daily average (equivalent) level of 45 dB (A) should be sufficient to protect the residential population from sleepless nights. From uncontrolled diesel generators, the distance required to achieve this noise level is approximately 450 meters. Typical mitigation measures of housing diesel generator sets in acoustic enclosures and the implementation of greenbelts are discussed in the Environmental Management Plan. The dedicated diesel generator houses will reduce the resultant noise level assuming all diesel generator sets to be in operation at the standard of 75 dB (A) as prescribed by the MoEF. This standard is applicable to diesel generator sets with a rated capacity of 1,000 kVA (i.e. 1 MW), manufactured on or after July 1st, 2003. 6.4 IMPACT ON WATER RESOURCE
This section describes the potential impacts on the water resource due to the proposed project. The potential impacts during construction and operation phases are assessed based on the various activities. A) CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Construction activities for the proposed development can have minor impact on hydrology and ground water quality of the area should the construction waste leaches into ground. No impact on the surface water is expected since the wastewater from the site would be collected, treated and used for landscaping activities and other requirements on the site. Potential impacts on the hydrology and ground water quality have been discussed as under.
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Unaccounted disposal of domestic wastewater from temporary labour camps. Spillage of oil and grease from the vehicles and wastewater stream generated from on- site activities such as vehicles washing, workshop etc.
Construction and Development of site Development of the proposed site could lead to stockpiling and excavation activity on site, thereby causing erosion of base soil. The run off from the site may contain high quantity of suspended solids (SS). The impact of runoff may not be very significant except during rainy season. Further construction of garland drains will reduce the runoff from the stockpiles. The building structure is based upon the raft foundation. The concreting is carried out with RMC procured from outside Delhi. Site workshop The repair and maintenance of equipments/vehicles on site would generate waste containing oil and grease. The wastewater stream would also be generated from vehicle washing. The impact can be mitigated to a great extent by installing oil and grease traps during construction phase. Construction of Roads and Parking Areas The impact from the road construction depends on both the construction practices and the type of material used. Construction waste of electrical installation, DG sets, painting and flooring is likely to create significant impact. This type of waste would be stock piled and disposed properly. Labour Since most of the labours would be locally deployed from nearby villages, the wastewater generated under this head would be very less. B) OPERATION PHASE
During this phase, two basic activities related to water environment are: Procurement of water and release of wastewater. The procurement of water for project activities is further related to availability of water while the safe discharge of wastewater is related to characteristic of the wastewater generated and disposal mechanism. The availability of water can be estimated based on sources of water and the projected water usage in the project area. The generation of wastewater can be estimated based on the water usage and consumptive pattern. Therefore the potential impacts on water environment could be as follows:
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Reduced percolation to ground water due to increase in non permeable surfaces Contamination of soil water sources from wastewater Spills or leaks from various areas such as fuel and waste oil storage in DG room, solid waste and STP sludge spills etc.
As discussed earlier, proposed water requirement for shopping mall is 185KLD per day, i.e. 77KLD for domestic use and 108KLD for other uses. Domestic water requirements are to be met by Delhi Jal Board. Other water requirements will be made from the duly treated sewage and other water available for recycling totaling 123 KLD. Water tanker would be used as an alternate supply, only in case of emergency or failure by DJB to supply water for domestic use. In the process 15 KLD shall be available daily for recharging to the ground water table. By way of rain water harvesting further 44 KLD will be available for recharging to the ground water table making a total of 59KLD for recharging to the ground water table. However, in case of failure of DJB, water requirements are planned to be met partly by tankers and partly by rainwater harvesting by way of collecting the rain water in the specifically built reservoirs, which would be duly treated before use in the shopping mall complex otherwise it will be recharged to the ground to augment the water table in the area. In any case no groundwater extraction is allowed in the area and hence, the impacts during the operation phase would be related to wastewater disposal. The project proponents exhibit a general concern for water conservation and desire to operate in sustainable ways that would minimize any environmental impact. Water conservation is an important part of sustainable living and in order to optimize the water utilization in the project, the developers would incorporate the component of water conservation by means of rainwater collection in the reservoirs and water recycling (discussed in detail in EMP, Chapter 7), minimization of water requirement would be done by using water efficient fixtures such as 3 litres capacity WC flushing cistern, sensor operated urinals and taps together with employee education and awareness program coupled with selective use of dry type urinals. As per the approved plans from DDA, various mitigative measures shall be proposed to further minimize the impacts.
Waste Water Impact A large number of pollutants occur in waste water, which includes suspended and dissolved solids consisting of inorganic and organic matter, nutrients, oil and grease and pathogenic microorganisms. Considerable impact from wastewater would occur if it were not property treated before disposal or reuse. The sewage treatment plants are envisaged on the site to treat the effluent generated from the proposed project. The sewage treatment plant, as approved by DDA, would be designed to meet CPCB norms with respect to the discharge limits. The treated effluent shall be used for flushing, horticulture and landscape development and the sludge produced shall be disposed alongwith the solid waste or would be used as manure depending upon characteristics. Hence, impact of wastewater on the land or water sources would be negligible.
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6.5 6.5.1
IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS ON LANDUSE AND AESTHETICS
The proposal to develop the shopping mall on the proposed site was developed in 2003 by DDA with the land use of the area marked for institutional/commercial development. The project was envisaged as a landmark commercial building, with a major amount of the land dedicated to landscaped and green areas. The proposed facade of the complex was designed with climate responsive elements, sensitive use of stone, water and greenery to create an efficient and aesthetic work environment. Planned environment friendly development would create a positive impact on the aesthetics and visual appeal of the region. Currently the project site has no green areas and no vegetation. Proposed development on the project site include development of large inter connected landscaped plazas and green areas at various levels which would enhance the overall aesthetics of the area. A 50 m wide green strip along the Nelson Mandela near the project site is being planned for further aesthetic up gradation of the area. Thus, positive impact is anticipated on the land use pattern and aesthetics of the area. Delhi Urban Arts Commission (DUAC) has also cleared the project. 6.5.2 IMPACTS ON TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY The proposed activity during the construction phase would involve excavation work and leveling of proposed site. Since the proposed site is a plain land, the topography as well as geology is not anticipated to change due to proposed project. No additional stresses will be imposed by the project on these parameters and hence no significant impacts are expected. 6.5.3 IMPACTS ON SOILS A) CONSTRUCTION PHASE Impact on soil owing to the project construction activity includes soil erosion, compaction, physical and chemical desegregations and pollution of soil. Erosion of soil may occur on account of removal of vegetation and large-scale excavation activity for construction. Site for the project has no vegetation; hence impact owing to removal of vegetation would be minimal, however construction and associated activities would expedite erosion if not managed properly. Other factors contributing to soil erosion is increased runoff and decrease in permeability of the soil. Use of heavy machinery and storage of material compact the soil. Compaction of soil as well as mixing of construction material with soil would also lead to reduced infiltration of water, decrease in permeability and increased runoff. Both physical and chemical desegregations of soil would occur during the construction phase. Physical desegregations would occur due to excavation of different layers of soil and subsequent mixing of different layers and would lead
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to disruption of soil structure. Chemical desegregations and pollution of soil would be on account of spillage of oil from vehicles used for transportation of construction material and from the building material used for construction purposes. The soil of the project site is degraded and compact. However, environmental management measures will be implemented to reduce further degradation of soil, minimize erosion and construction of silt traps etc. These are described in Chapter 7. Hence no significant impact is expected on this parameter. B) OPERATION PHASE
During the operation phase, carefully designed landscaped areas and plantation will be maintained. No significant impact is expected on the soil in and around the site, due to the following management measures: All solid and other wastes from the mall complex will be properly collected, stored and disposed. An integrated solid management plan will be developed as per the details given in Chapter 7. Wastewater will be treated and disinfected and reused for various horticulture/green belt and other activities like flushing, air conditioning etc. Storm water will be used to recharge the aquifer after filtration of silt and sand and also be utilized for project water requirements. Secondary containment will be provided in fuel, oil and other material storage areas. The entire site area will be well paved and thus there will be no leaching of any substances in case of spills. 6.5.4 IMPACTS DUE TO WASTE DISPOSAL A) CONSTRUCTION PHASE
During the construction phase, solid waste generated will include biomass from land clearing activities, waste from the labour camp, construction and other waste. Impact from construction waste may arise owing to the shortage of dumping sites, increase in transportation and disposal cost and environmental deterioration. Potential pollution problems during construction activities include improper dumping of construction debris. Proposed mitigation plan suggest maximum reuse of construction waste on site and removal of waste non-reusable waste from the site and proper disposal, which would reduce the impact significantly (details in EMP Section). Other wastes generated during construction phase may include contaminated soil, construction debris (including asbestos-containing material), waste fuel and lubricants, oil filters and batteries. Pollution risks may arise from leakage and spillage of oil or fuel through
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poor protection, vehicle damage or the accidental opening of valves. Potential pollution problems may arise from storage, treatment and transportation of contaminated soils; and residual paints and solvents. Waste management measures for such wastes suggested in EMP would reduce the impact. B) OPERATION PHASE
During this phase, environmental impact from solid waste can typically include contamination of soil, ground water, surface water and air quality. Solid waste, if not disposed properly can cause the following impact on environment. Ground water contamination by leachate generated by non-scientific dumping Surface water contamination by the run off from the dumping site Bad odor, Pests, rodents and wind blown litter in and around the collection site Generation of inflammable gases (e.g. Methane)
Impacts may also result from improper siting, inadequate design and poor operation. During the operational phase, management of the solid waste will focus on the Segregation/Sorting, Storage at source and Collection of the wastes and sent to the nearest landfill site for disposal. Regular public awareness meetings will be conducted to involve the occupants and the employees to ensure proper segregation, storage and collection of waste. Hence, no negative impact on soil quality in the study area is anticipated during operational phase of the project Waste would be segregated and collected as per the Solid Waste (Management and Handling) rules, 2000. The waste generated within the complex would be disposed as per standard norms of MoEF. 6.6 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Prediction and assessment of impacts on the ecology entail a number of technical and professional considerations related to both the predictive aspects and the interpretation of the significance of anticipated changes. In the terrestrial environment, the destruction of vegetation and loss of soil usually results in reduction of habitat for animals. The relationship between the extent of the physical disturbance on the area and the amount of habitat lost or degraded is nonlinear. Moreover, small changes in critical areas can make large areas unsuitable for animal habitat. The simplest approach towards prediction of ecological impacts is based on species richness and abundance based comparisons. An ecologist would be able to correlate and conceptualize a risk based assessment on the available species and would be able to predict qualitatively if the species abundance could reduce or a susceptible species may become extinct from the habitat as a result of increased pollution load. Potential primary and secondary impacts from the proposed project on the biological environment has been identified and noted below:
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The significance of ecological impacts is evaluated based on the criteria set forth: Habitat quality Species affected Size/abundance of habits/organisms affected Duration of impacts Magnitude of environmental changes However this being rapid EIA, impacts are ranked here as minor, moderate or severe, although in a few cases a ranking may be minimal. The ranking of a given impact will vary based on the criteria used. For example, an impact might be ranked as minor if it affected only common species and habitat, or if it affected small number of individuals or small area, whereas it might be ranked as severe if it affected rare species or habitat of large number of individuals or large area. A. CONSTRUCTION STAGE
The potential impacts of project construction on terrestrial ecological potential sources include: Terrestrial Ecology - Site development. - Noise & disturbance. Aquatic Ecology
Site development: The existing land cover and physiognomy support plant species typical of habitats and having a low plant diversity and simple structure. Due to commonness of the species recorded and small area of habitats to be lost, potential impacts to flora are considered minor. Loss of disturbed area will cause loss of mainly herbaceous species. Potential impacts to flora are thus minimal. The removal of herbaceous ground cover around the project site will be compensated by a peripheral green belt. Therefore, potential impacts to flora are considered minimal. The remaining agriculture and the open scrubs around the proposed site support either high bird and reptiles abundance or species richness. All such species in the study area will be preserved, with little habitat loss. Therefore, the proposed development scenarios at the project site will result in a less than significant biological resources impact. Noise, Air Pollution & other disturbances: Air, noise and visual disturbance may be generated during site development that can affect the behavior of fauna (especially bird, butterflies and other insects, reptiles and very small mammalian species) of the adjacent habitats. Most fauna recorded or reported to occur in the study area are disturbance tolerant.
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Construction will mainly take place in project areas, where biodiversity is highly improvised. Fauna inhabiting nearby areas of the construction site may be temporarily affected by noise and disturbance generated during site development and construction. However, alternative habitats are available in nearby areas, and disturbance is going to be confined during the construction period only. Besides, these activities and the resulting impact on the existing ecology would be suitably compensated and mitigated adopting comprehensive EMP. Hence; the potential impacts to faunal groups from this source are ranked minor. Aquatic Ecology As mentioned earlier, there is no permanent water body is located within the 10 km radius from the proposed site. Hence, the impact on aquatic ecosystem from the proposed project is considered as a non-issue. C) OPERATION STAGE
This section of the report considers the potential impacts of project during the operation on terrestrial ecology and potential sources of impact include air, noise pollution, wastewater and other disturbances. Potential impacts of project operation on terrestrial ecology include long-term air and noise pollution and disturbance generated by area lighting and traffic. Based on the limited fauna community and important flora observed in the buffer zone and the existing land use pattern of the surroundings, potential impacts to fauna from this source are ranked as minimal. Since most terrestrial fauna recorded or reported to occur in the study area, are disturbance tolerant and some are dwellers of typical rural setting hence, operational impacts are ranked as minimal. In addition, a green belt will be included in the development plan. This will provide habitats for wildlife in the study area. The treated wastewater will be reused in greenbelt, parks and gardens. No impact on the local ecology is expected from the background sources during the operational stage. 6.7 IMPACTS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
The proposed site for the shopping mall is a part of the land auctioned by the DDA specified commercial establishments as per the Delhi Master Plan. This area does not form part of any ridge or forest area. This section discusses the extent of the potential impacts anticipated from the project activities. Based on the nature and type of impacts, the assessment has been divided into three category i.e. positive, negative and negligible impacts.
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A)
POSITIVE IMPACTS:
Job Opportunity: The project activities are likely to generate employment opportunities both during construction and the operations phase. The occupational profile of nearby settlements is such that the locals can be good source of labour during both phases. During the construction phase, various manual-labouring activities can engulf residents of nearby settlements, like the coolie camp. People from these areas, will also have opportunities during the operation of the shopping mall. These include ancillary jobs like sanitary staff, cleaners, gardeners, helpers, security staff, etc. The educational status of the Vasant kunj, Vasant Vihar, Munirka residential areas suggests that young professionals will be a good source of workforce during the operation of the shopping mall. Jobs opportunities will happen in customer care, sales, cash counter management, etc. The community therefore can benefit from the jobs available. Thus the impact on employment due to construction and operation of the shopping mall can be considered as significantly positive. Wider Economic Growth This project will increase the economic activities around the area, creating avenues for direct/indirect employment in the post project period. There would be a wider economic impact in terms of generating opportunities for secondary occupation within and around the complex. Infrastructure Development The proposed project would enhance the existing infrastructure in the area by providing a cleaner and environment friendly office and commercial area. DDA is developing a rainwater drain for systematic collection of rainwater to be later used for groundwater recharge in the area. The Nelson Mandela is being made signal free for efficient management of traffic. The 66 KVA overhead lines have been removed and replaced with underground cables for better safety of the nearby residents. A green belt of about 50m width is planned in between the project site and the Nelson Mandela Road for better aesthetics of the area. The general development in the area will result in the overall appreciation of land value of the adjoining areas. This would benefit the existing residents of the area. Additional Revenues for Delhi Government
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The proposed development would act as a major source of revenue for Delhi Government from a variety of sources e.g. Property tax, licenses and permits fee etc. The impact on the Government revenue due to construction can be considered as no impact while the operation of the Ambi Mall can have significantly positive impact. B) NEGATIVE IMPACTS
Water Scarcity Problems The entire South Delhi, specifically the localities of Mahipalpur, Munirka, Vasant kunj and Vasant Vihar is categorized as an area facing acute water shortage problems. Factors related to the use and availability of water after the construction of shopping complex may possibly affect water availability in the area, a concern shared by residents of that area. However, the project proponents would not extract groundwater in compliance to the CGWB directions. Other commercial establishments around the area do not plan to utilize groundwater. For the proposed project, rainwater will be collected in the reservoir for water harvesting and to augment the water table in the area and if need arises will be used to compliment project water requirements together with treated recycled water after due treatement. Sufficient groundwater recharge pits are planned inside the project area, which would compliment the groundwater resources along with the natural recharging in the landscaped areas of the project site. As no boundary wall is planned around the proposed project site, there will be no obstruction in the natural flow pattern of the rainwater. All the above concerns are being addressed through the mitigation measures developed for the project. The Environmental Management Plan, details the plans for construction of water recharge pits, as a mitigative measure to address this issue. Loss of Vegetation and its impacts on people There is a concern among the residents of the area that developmental activities could lead to exploitation of vegetation cover in the area. The project site, as auctioned by the DDA, did not have any vegetation cover or plantation thereof. However, the project proponents are planning extensive plantation and greening of the project site area. In consideration to this the proposed project will help in preserving the environment through its mitigative measures. The greenbelt development mentioned within the management plan explicates the adressal of this issue. The project has been so designed to prevent any socio-economic negative impacts on the people directly involved in the project, population around the proposed site and the region in general. Environmental Impact Assessment chapter gives a summary of potential impacts, mitigative measures and emergency response plan. Traffic and Transport
With the construction of the shopping mall, the traffic in the area is likely to increase, particularly during the operation phase. The increase in traffic may create congestion, potential delays and inconvenience
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for pedestrians and residents accessing the localities. However the probability of inconvenience faced due to the movement of trucks during construction phase would be negligible, since the trucks would be
allowed to transport construction material during night and non-peak hours. The traffic study and Traffic Management Plan being developed by DDA for the project areas would further reduce the negative impact of the traffic increment during the operation phase. The development of Nelson Mandela road by DDA for a signal free road is underway for better traffic management of the area. Hence, negligible impacts are envisaged in traffic and transport of the area. Transient Labour Population Labourers for the project would be from Delhi and surrounding areas. The majority of labours working on the site would be on a contract basis or from the neighbouring settlements. No significant pressure on local infrastructure is envisaged if a small percentage of labourers settle in and around the site during construction phase.
C) NEGLIGIBLE IMPACTS Demography
Majority of the labour is likely to be recruited locally and only skilled workers would be required from outside, which is anticipated to be very small and will not alter the existing demographic profile of the area. During the operation phase also, the facility would not lead to migration or relocation of any group to the proposed site. A very small fraction of people working in the complex may come and settle in the vicinity of the site. Therefore the project is not likely to significantly alter the existing demographic profile and the existing population density. Therefore the impact on demography due to construction and operation of the shopping mall can be considered as no impact.
Impact on Historical, Archeological and Architectural Sites:
There are no historical or archeological monuments of significance within the project site and hence no negative impact in this regard is anticipated. D) SUMMARY OF IMPACTS
A summary of likely impacts due to proposed project is noted in Table 6.3.
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TABLE 6.3: SUMMARY MATRIX OF PREDICTED IMPACTS DUE TO AMBI MALL PROJECT Predicted impacts
SN Components
Activities
Extent of Impacts
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Ambient Air Quality Dust emissions from site preparation, excavation, material handling and other construction activities at Site. Noise generated from construction activities and operation of construction equipment Minor negative impact inside mall site premises. No negative impact outside the site. Impacts are temporary during construction phase. Impacts will be confined to short distances, as coarse particles will settle within the short distance from activities. Temporary impacts during construction phase. No blasting or other high intensity noise activities envisaged. Baseline noise level were within standards. Contribution of noise from mall operation will be confined in time and space Impact will be temporary. Local labour will be employed to reduce size of labour camps. No perennial surface water resource adjacent to site. Labour colonies shall be provided potable water for drinking. The landuse of the area is commercial. Complex encompasses major portion as open areas and green spaces, interconnected lawns and with sustainable infrastructure plan will enhance the visual appeal of the area. Region is flat and hence no impacts on topography. Building will be designed as per IS standards for earthquake protection.
1.
2.
Noise
Minor negative impact near noise generation sources inside premises. No significant impact on ambient noise levels at sensitive receptors.
3.
Water quality
- Surface runoff from project site - Improper debris disposal Discharge of sewage from labour camp.
Minimal due to effective EMP proposal
Landuse and Aesthetics
Land development
Permanent positive impact
Topography and Geology
Existing site is flat Constructio n activity leading erosion. Habitat disturbance during construction activity
No Significant Impacts
6. Soils Ecology Flora and Fauna -
Minor negative impact Minor negative impact The site and adjacent areas does not have any significant flora and fauna diversity and density. No
7.
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SN Components
Activities
Predicted impacts
Extent of Impacts
endangered recorded on site. species
8.
Socioeconomy
9.
Traffic Pattern
Increased job opportunity. Economy related to commercial, real estate development, material supply etc. Haul Truck movement and possibility of traffic congestion outside site.
Minor negative Impact
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Soundproof DG sets will be used only as back up and would be required for 2-4 hours a day. The generators would be provided with scrubbers, which will help reduce the sulphur contents thereby improving the quality of air.
1. Ambient Air Quality
Particulate and gaseous emissions from DG sets
Minor negative impact inside building and downwind of mall premises.
2. Noise
Noise from vehicle movement and operation of diesel generator sets during power failure. Discharge of contaminated storm water
Minor negative impact inside premises. No significant impact at sensitive receptors. No significant adverse impact
Baseline noise is already higher than the standards.
3.
Water Quality
4.
Water Availability
- Total water requirement will be 185 KLD
Major Water supply for domestic use to the project would be from the supply water from DJB and no groundwater resources will be tapped at any stage of No negative impact the project. Process water envisaged as no requirements will be met ground water is to from recycled water as well as treated rainwater if need be used be. Alternate arrangement will be met with water tankers in case of any emergency or failure by DJB to supply water.
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SN Components
5 Soils 6. Ecology Flora and Fauna -
Activities
Storage and disposal of solid and other wastes during oil change Pesticides use Landuse change Discharge of wastewater to surface water bodies Increased job opportunity during construction and operation phase. Project will be landmark for commercial building in Delhi
Predicted impacts
Extent of Impacts
No negative impact
No negative impact
No significant flora and fauna is recorded in impact zone
7.
Socioeconomy
--
8. Traffic Pattern
The complex is likely to add significantly to existing traffic levels.
Minor Negative Impact
Traffic management measures and additional road infrastructure has been planned by the DDA to meet the increased traffic loads by redesigning Nelson Mandela road and making it signal free. Also a signal free one way circular road has been provided by DDA around the complex.
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7.0
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a site specific plan developed to ensure that the project is implemented in an environmental sustainable manner where all contractors and subcontractors, including consultants, understand the potential environmental risks arising from the proposed project and take appropriate actions to properly manage that risk. EMP also ensures the project implementation is carried out in accordance with the design by taking appropriate mitigative actions to reduce adverse environmental impacts during its life cycle. The plan outlines existing and potential problems that may adversely impact the environment and recommends corrective measures where required. Also, the plan outlines roles and responsibility of the key personnel and contractors who are charged with the responsibility to manage the Ambi Mall site. The EMP is generally: Prepared in accordance with rules and requirements of the MOEF and the Delhi Pollution Control Committee; To ensure that the component of facility are operated in accordance with the design; Process that confirms proper operation through supervision and monitoring; System that addresses public inconvenience during construction and operation of the facility; and Plan that ensure remedial measures are implemented immediately. The key benefits of the EMP are that it provides the organization with means of managing its environmental performance thereby allowing it to contribute to improved environmental quality. The other benefits include cost control as improved relations to the stakeholders. EMP includes four major elements; Commitment & Policy: Ambience Developers Pvt. Ltd. will strive to provide and implement the EMP that incorporates all issues related to air, land and water for the project. Planning: This includes identification of environmental impacts, legal requirements and setting environmental objectives. The various potential impacts are discussed under Section 6.0. Implementation: This comprises of resources available to the developers, accountability of contractors, training of operational staff associated with environmental control facilities and documentation of measures to be taken. Measurement & Evaluation: This includes monitoring, corrective actions, and record keeping.
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It is suggested that as part of the EMP, a Monitoring Team should be formed by the project proponent comprising of the site in-charge, project planning group representative and project implementation team representative. This committees role would be to ensure proper, operation and management of the EMP including the regulatory compliance. The components of the environmental management plan, potential impacts arising out of the project and remediation measures are summarized below in Table 7.1.
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TABLE 7.1: SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

SR. NO. 1. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS Groundwater Quality POTENTIAL IMPACTS Ground water contamination POTENTIAL SOURCE OF IMPACT Construction Phase Waste water generated from Labor settlements CONTROLS THROUGH EMP & DESIGN Wastewater channel from the site would be connected to the septic tank. IMPACT EVALUATION No significant impact as negligible quantities generated as majority of laborers would be deployed locally
REMEDIAL MEASURES
Operation Phase Sewage treatment through SAFF process
Sewage sludge to be used as manure for landscaping and greenbelt development No extraction of Ground water allowed
No negative impact on ground water quality envisaged. Not significant
In an unlikely event of soil and ground water contamination, remediation measures shall be implemented.
2.
Groundwater Quantity
Ground Depletion
Water
Construction Phase Use of Tanker Water for construction activity. Operation Phase Surface Water is the main source of water supply to the project during operation
No impact on ground water quantity envisaged.
Rain Water Harvesting Scheme Waste water treatment and reuse Storm water collection and water harvesting Awareness Campaign for reduced water use by employee and visitors
Ground water quantity will be augmented
In an unlikely event of failure by supply water system, water will be brought using tankers and Ground water charging scheme will be started in neighboring areas too.
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SR. NO. 3.
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS Surface Water Quality
POTENTIAL IMPACTS Surface water contamination
POTENTIAL SOURCE OF IMPACT Construction Phase Surface runoff from site during construction activity.
CONTROLS THROUGH EMP & DESIGN Silt traps and other measures such as, additional on-site diversion ditches will be constructed to control surface run-off during site development.
IMPACT EVALUATION No off site impact envisaged as no surface water receiving body nearby.
REMEDIAL MEASURES
Operation Phase Discharge of domestic wastewater to surface water body.
Domestic water treatment scheme developed to treat the wastewater so that it can be reused for greenbelt development and other activities
No off site impact envisaged
3.
Air Quality
Dust Emissions
Construction Phase All heavy construction activities.
Suitable control measures will be adopted as per a dust control plan.
Not significant because dust generation will be temporary and will settle fast due to dust suppression techniques used Not significant as majority of dust is generated from material handling, and tailpipe emissions from construction vehicles are minimal in comparison to nearby main road.
In case of any event of discharge of water from the site, the applicable water quality standards will be maintained as per Water Act based on discharge location on Land /surface water body / sewer During construction phase the contractors are advised to use dust masks for the employed labour Water sprinkling for suppression of dust during construction phase.
Emissions of SPM, SO2, NOx and CO
Construction Phase Operation of construction equipment and vehicles during site development.
Emission control particle filters on construction equipment. Rapid on site construction and improved maintenance of equipment.
Regular monitoring of emissions and control measures to reduce the emission levels together with regular maintenance of construction equipment and vehicles
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SR. NO.
POTENTIAL IMPACTS
POTENTIAL SOURCE OF IMPACT Operation Phase Power generation through D.G Set Operations.
CONTROLS THROUGH EMP & DESIGN Use of ultra low Sulphur diesel and NOx retarder if required. The DG sets would be provided with scrubbers, which will reduce the Sulphur content and thereby improve the quality of air. Green belt to be provided with specific species reducing SPM levels.
IMPACT EVALUATION Not significant as D.G. set would be used as power back up (2-4 hours/ day). Individual stack with an increased height will lower all pollutant concentrations.
REMEDIAL MEASURES
4.
Noise Environment
Noise emissions
Construction Phase Operation of construction equipment and vehicles during site development. Use of well-maintained equipment fitted with silencers. Providing noise shields near the heavy construction operations Construction activity will be limited to daytime hours only. Not significant as residential areas are located at least 450 m away from the site, and noise levels from construction mingle with background at a distance of 400 meters. Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like earmuffs and earplug during construction activities.
Operation Phase Noise from vehicles movement Noise from D.G. sets operations
Green Belt Development and development of silence zones for traffic movement. Providing acoustic enclosures and wall surrounding D.G sets
Not significant as increase is minimal.
Short-term exposure within permissible limit.
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SR. NO. 5.
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS Land Environment
POTENTIAL IMPACTS Soil contamination
POTENTIAL SOURCE OF IMPACT Construction Phase Disposal of construction Debris
CONTROLS THROUGH EMP & DESIGN Construction debris will be collected and suitably used on site as per construction waste management plan. Proposed solid waste management system for waste collection, Storage and Segregation. Waste will be transported to the municipal landfill site for treatment and disposal.
IMPACT EVALUATION Impact will be local, as any waste generated will be reused for construction activities. Not significant.
REMEDIAL MEASURES
Operation Phase Dumping of municipal solid waste on land.
No Significant Impact
Waste oil handling from D.G sets
6.
Biological Environment (Flora and Fauna)
Displacement of Flora and Fauna on site
Construction Phase Site Development during construction. Operation Phase Increase of Green Cover
7.
Socio-Economic Environment
Population displacement and loss of Income
Construction Phase No displacement of population.
Waste oil generated will be sold to authorized recyclers Any important plant species (if any) in the area will be identified and marked Suitable green belt will be developed as per landscaping plan in and around the site using local flora, which will enhance the ecology. DDA is also planning a green belt of about 50m width in between the Nelson Mandela road
Negligible impact
The proposed site is devoid of any vegetation. Surrounding areas have sparse vegetation. Positive Impact
.--
No negative impact
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SR. NO.
POTENTIAL IMPACTS
POTENTIAL SOURCE OF IMPACT Operation Phase Site operation
CONTROLS THROUGH EMP & DESIGN Project will provide employment opportunities during construction and operations phase. Providing shopping and recreational space in Delhi Heavy Vehicular movement will be restricted to day time only and adequate parking facility will be provided. Vehicular movement will be regulated inside the site with adequate roads and parking of 1772 vehicles in the 3 level basements and multilevel car parking. .No of drop in and pick up points have been provided for free flow of traffic within the site. Three exit and entry points are planned. Signal free circular road will be provided by DDA for entering the Vasant Kunj shopping mall complex. Nelson Mandela is being redesigned for easing the increasing traffic.
IMPACT EVALUATION Beneficial Impact
REMEDIAL MEASURES --
8.
Traffic Pattern
Increase of Vehicular traffic
Construction Phase Heavy Vehicular movement during construction
No negative Impact --
Operation Phase Traffic due to people visiting the shopping mall once the site is operational.
No negative Impact
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7.1
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
An environmental management plan (EMP) will be required to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts during construction and operation phase of the project and these are as below: 7.1.1 EMP FOR AIR ENVIRONMENT A) CONSTRUCTION PHASE
To mitigate the impact of SPM (dust) as discussed in Section 6.2.2 during the construction phase of the proposed project, the following measures are recommended for implementation: a dust control plan; and procedural changes to construction activities. Dust Control Plan Table 7.2 provides a dust control plan, specific to construction activities. TABLE 7.2: DUST CONTROL PLAN
Fugitive Dust Source Category Earth-moving Disturbed surface areas (except completed grading areas) Disturbed surface areas (completed grading areas) Inactive disturbed surface areas Dust Control Actions 1a. For any earth moving which is more than 30m from all property lines, conduct watering as necessary to prevent visible dust emissions from exceeding 100m in length in any direction. 2a. Apply dust suppression in a sufficient quantity and frequency to maintain a stabilized surface; 2b. Areas, which cannot be stabilized, as evidenced by wind driven dust, must have an application of water at least twice per day to at least 80 percent of the unstabilized area. 2c. Apply water to at least 80 percent of all inactive accessible disturbed surface areas on a daily basis when there is evidence of wind driven fugitive dust. 3a. Apply dust suppressants in sufficient quantity and frequency to maintain a stabilized surface; OR 3b. Utilize any combination of control actions 2c, 2d, or 3a such that, in total, they apply to all inactive disturbed surface areas. 4a. Water all roads used for any vehicular traffic at least twice per day of active operations; OR 4b. Water all roads used for any vehicular traffic once daily and restrict vehicle speed to 15 mph. 5. Apply water to at least 80 percent of the surface areas of all open storage piles on a daily basis when there is evidence of wind driven fugitive dust. 6. Downwash of trucks (especially tyres) prior to departure from site.
Unpaved roads
Open storage piles Track-out control
The most cost-effective dust suppressant is water, because a source of water tends to be readily available on a construction site. Water can be applied using water trucks, handheld sprays and automatic sprinkler systems. Furthermore, incoming loads could be covered to avoid loss of material in transport, especially if material is transported off-site. 127
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Procedural Changes to Construction Activities Material Production - The transport of materials such as concrete and asphalt to construction sites generate significant amounts of road dust, especially for sites that are relatively far from material manufacturers. Setting up temporary portable concrete plants and/or asphalt plants at construction sites can eliminate haulage of materials. Emission Control for Equipment Control equipment such as particle filters can be used to reduce diesel particulate matter emissions, and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs). Idling Time Reduction - Construction equipment is commonly left idling while the operators are on break or waiting for the completion of another task. Emissions from idling equipment tend to be high, since catalytic converters cool down, thus reducing the efficiency of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide oxidation. Existing idling control technologies, which automatically shut the engine off after a preset time can reduce emissions, without intervention from the operators. Improved Maintenance - Recognizing that significant emission reductions can be achieved through regular equipment maintenance, contractors will be asked to provide maintenance records for their fleet as part of the contract bid and at regular intervals throughout the life of the contract. A monetary incentive/disincentive provision will be established to encourage contractors to comply with regular maintenance requirements. Reduction of On-site Construction Time - Rapid on-site construction would reduce the duration of traffic interference and therefore, reduce emissions from traffic delay. Off-site fabrication of structural components can also enhance the quality of work, as the production takes place in controlled settings and external factors such as weather and traffic do not interfere. B)
OPERATION PHASE
To mitigate the impact of pollutants from diesel generator sets as discussed in Section 6.2.2 during the operational phase of the site the following measures are recommended for implementation: diesel generator set emission control measures; and greenbelt development. Diesel Generator Set Emission Control Measures The most important pollutant requiring further control is NOx, as the impact of SO2 emission is minimal because of the use of low (~0.05%) Sulphur in diesel as fuel. All the DG sets would be
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provided with scrubbers, which will help, reduce the Sulphur content thereby improving the quality of air. The following mitigation measures are proposed for NOx reduction: add-on emission control technologies; and NOx retarder Among the above-mentioned options, inherent low NOx emissions technologies (i.e. a temperature retarder) and better dilution through higher stack are preferred cost effective mitigation measures. The add-on emission control technologies are not considered as it leads to pollution transfer to another media and shall require further mitigative measures. Greenbelt Development Increasing vegetation in the form of greenbelt is one of the preferred methods to mitigate air pollution. Plants serve as a sink for pollutants, reduce the flow of dust and reduce noise pollution. Table 7.3 indicates various species to be used to reduce air pollution in greenbelt development: TABLE 7.3 SPECIES TO BE USED FOR AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT VIA GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT General Pollution Air Pollution Attenuation Dust Absorbers Abatement Ficus glomerata (Guler) Teak Azadiarchta indica (Neem) Terminalia tomentosa (Asan) Melia azaderach Shisham Acacaia auriculiformis (Babul) (Mahaneem) Palash Polyalthia longifolia Butea monosperma Neem (Debdaru) (Palash) Amaltas Ficus benghalensis (Banyan) Cassia fistula (Amaltas) Kachnar Mangifera indica (Aam) Bauhinia variegata Nerium odorata (Kaner) (Kachnar) Terminalia Subabul arjuna (Arjun) Mohua Aam Karanj Imli Baheda Harda Saj Jamun 7.1.2 EMP FOR NOISE ENVIRONMENT
A) CONSTRUCTION PHASE
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To mitigate the impact of noise from construction equipment as discussed in Section 6.2.3 during the construction phase of the site the following measures are recommended for implementation: Noise Shields - Construction equipment producing the most amount of noise should be fitted with noise shields. This shield is a physical barrier (composed of brick and mud, with a nonreflective internal plastering), approximately 3 meters in height, which will provide adequate noise attenuation. Time of Operation - Noisy construction equipment should not be permitted during night hours. Job Rotation and Hearing Protection - Workers employed in high noise areas will be rotated. Earplugs/muffs, or other hearing protective wear will be provided to those working very close to the noise generating machinery. B) OPERATION PHASE To mitigate the impact of noise from diesel generator sets as discussed in Section 6.2.3 during the operational phase the following measures are recommended for implementation: noise emissions control technologies; and greenbelt development. Noise Emissions Control Technologies: All the diesel generators will be housed in a suitable acoustic enclosure so that noise levels at a distance of one meter do not exceed 75 dB(A) at 75% load (as per CPCB norms). The diesel generator set housing will be equipped with walls and ceilings lined with glass wool to acoustically treat the noise levels. This acoustic insulation shall be designed to meet the mandatory standards based on a 25 dB(A) insertion loss. Greenbelt Development: The following species can be used in a greenbelt to serve as noise breakers: Tectona grandis (Teak); Butea monosperma (Palash); Leucana leucocephala (Subabual); Mangifera indica (Aam); and Dalbergia Sissoo (Shisham).
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7.1.3 EMP FOR WATER ENVIRONMENT A)

CONSTRUCTION PHASE
To prevent degradation and maintain the quality of the water source, adequate control measures have been proposed to check the surface run-off, as well as uncontrolled flow of water into any water body. Following management measures are suggested to protect the water quality during the construction phase. - Avoid excavation during monsoon season. - No discharge of treated wastewater to soil and ground water body. - Waste water channels from the site would be connected to septic tank during construction to prevent wastewater from entering the water bodies. - To prevent surface and ground water contamination by oil/grease, leak proof containers should be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease. The floors of oil/grease handling area should be kept effectively impervious. Any wash off from the oil/grease handling area or workshop shall be drained through impervious drains, Clarifiers or oil/water separators shall be constructed and effluent should be treated appropriately before releasing it. - Construction activities generate disturbed soil, concrete fines, fertilizer, oils and other wastes. On-site collection and settling of storm water, prohibition of equipment wash downs, and prevention of soil loss and toxic releases from the construction site are necessary to minimize water pollution. - All stacking and loading areas should be provided with proper garland drains equipped with baffles to prevent run off from the site to enter any water body. B)
OPERATION PHASE
In the operation phase of the project, water conservation and development measures need to be taken including all possible potential for conservation of water, reuse, rainwater collection in reservoirs, and recycling of water. These could be in the form of the following: - Water source Development - Minimizing water consumption - Promoting reuse of water after treatment and development of closed loop systems for different water streams. Water Source Development Water source development shall be practiced by installation of scientifically designed artificial water recharging structures. The objective is to develop the water sources of the region, such that sustainable water supply to the proposed project is maintained. Following methods, normally do artificial recharge; - Area Treatment - Spreading Methods
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Open Well and Shafts Drilled wells and Bore Holes
The suitability of a particular method is based on hydro-geological condition, quality of source and proposed use of recharge water. In the proposed project, groundwater recharge pits are planned for groundwater recharging. It is envisaged that recharging to ground water will improve the water quality in the area, as the rainwater is fresh and without any pollution. It is planned to effectively harvest water by rainwater harvesting mechanism.
Minimizing Water Consumption

Water consumption will be minimized by implementing water efficient fixtures such as 3 litres WC flushing cistern, sensor operated urinals and taps to minimize the wastage of water together with other water conservation measures. Furthermore, to ensure ongoing water conservation, an employee education and awareness programme will be introduced for the employee of the mall. Dry type urinals will also be used selectively. Following section discusses the specific measures, which shall implemented; Institutional and Commercial Usage: Use of water efficient plumbing fixtures (ultra flow toilets and urinals,). Water efficient plumbing fixtures use less water with no marked reduction in quality and service. To install water less W.C. and urinals which will help in conserving sufficient quantity of water. Leak detection and repair techniques Sweep with a broom and pan where possible, rather than hose down for external areas; Awareness campaign to disseminate knowledge on strategies and technologies that can be used for water conservation New employees will be issued a standard water information packet. The information should include water conservation plans, water conservation methods being adopted in the complex and a list of essential and non-essential water uses. Office Manager will periodically remind the staff of water conservation efforts and notify staff of recurring problems with compliance or any changes in policy. As new conservation efforts are implemented, the manager will communicate these changes to the employees. Proper methods of water use will be placed in the toilets and other areas of water consumption.
Horticulture: Drip irrigation system shall be used for the lawns and other green area. Drip irrigation can save between 15-40% of the water use, compared with other watering techniques. Plants with similar water requirements shall be grouped on common zones to match precipitation heads and emitters. Use of low-volume, low-angle sprinklers for lawn areas.
Select controllers with adjustable watering schedules and moisture sensors to account for seasonal variations, and calibrate them during commissioning. Selecting a drought resistant grass, and using lawn chemicals and fertilizer sparingly also reduces watering needs. Place 3 to 5 in. of mulch on planting beds to minimize evaporation.
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Promoting Reuse of Water after Treatment and Development of Closed Loop Systems To promote reuse and development of closed loop system for water, segregation of two schemes namely (i) Wastewater Treatment scheme; and (ii) Storm water management scheme have been suggested. Harvested storm water as discussed in earlier section, shall be utilized for artificial recharge of ground water sources as well as to augment the project water requirements. Recycled wastewater shall be reused on site for horticulture, D.G. Sets, flushing and other uses after treatment. It is estimated that reusing wastewater will save approximately 30 to 35 % of portable water per day in the shopping mall. Following section details the wastewater treatment scheme suggested for the project. Waste Water Treatment Scheme: Sanitation infrastructure shall comprise of following: Wastewater collection and conveyance system Wastewater treatment and disposal arrangement
Wastewater collection and conveyance system shall be an underground drainage network that will be designed to collect wastewater from the complex and convey it to one point for treatment. As described earlier, approximately 145300 litres per day of domestic and other wastewater will be treated in a state of the art sewage treatment plant. Separate pipelines will be laid for using this water. The treatment would be based on the SAFF process for meeting disposal standard. The brief process is given below: The waste water shall be collected by gravity in equalization tank. Perforate bar screens shall be provided at the inlet of this tank to prevent any coarse material to enter in the STP. Air shall be provided in this tank to keep the suspended solids in suspension and to avoid any potential odor problem. From this tank, submersible type sewage lifting pumps to primary Tube settler shall pump sewage. The overflow from this tank shall go to SAFF reactor. Water level controllers shall be provided along with the pumps for on/off operation in auto mode.
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In SAFF reactor consisting of PVC fill media, which shall facilitate the attached fixed growth of micro-organisms. The aerobic environment in the SAFF reactor shall be achieved by the use of fine bubble diffused aeration, which will also serve to maintain the liquor in a completely mixed regime. After a specified period of time the treated sewage shall overflow into secondary tube settler, where the cells are separated from the treated water. The secondary tube settler consists of PVC media to enhance the settling rate for separation of micro-organisms from the treated water. The settled sludge at the bottom of secondary tube settler shall be removed by airlift pump and transferred to sludge holding tank. The clarified water from the secondary settling tank is collected by gravity in to the chloride contact tank. In this tank, chlorine will be added in the form of Sodium Hypochlorite solution to reduce the coliform count and destroy pathogenic bacteria. A free residual chlorine level of 0.3 to 0.5mg/lt will be maintained. Chlorinated water shall then be pumped to multigrade filter for the further removal of turbidity and traces of suspended solids. The filtered water from multigrade filter shall then be sent to activated carbon filter to further reduce BOD, residual chlorine, colour and odor etc. After this water will collect in the treated water tank. From this tank water will be pumped for feeding the softener and soft water will be collected in soft water tank. Excess sludge generated from secondary biological treatment shall be transferred to sludge holding tank. Sludge shall be digested aerobically in the sludge holding tank. The digested sludge will mechanically be dewatered through filter press and the sludge cakes can be disposed off. Schematic flow diagram of treatment facilities is given in Figure 7.1.
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FIG 7.1: SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM OF TREATMENT FACILITIES
Chloride Contact Tank

(Sodium Hypo chloride solution is added here)
SEWAGE COLLECTION TANK
EQUALISATION TANK
AERATION TANK
CLARIFIER
CLEAR WATER TANK
SAFF Reactor
Secondary Tube Settler TERTIARY TREATMENT
Sludge DISPOSAL
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Storm Water Management: As discussed earlier, most of the storm water produced on site will be harvested for ground water recharge, thus proper management of this resource is must to ensure that it is free of contamination. Contamination of storm water is possible from the following sources: Oil spills and leaks in vehicle parking lots Silt from soil erosion in gardens A detailed Storm Water Management Plan will be developed which will consider the above sources. The plan will incorporate best management practices which will include following: Regular inspection and cleaning of storm drains. Clarifiers or oil/water separators shall be installed in all the parking areas. Oil/water separators installed for parking areas and garages will be sized according to peak flow guidelines. Both clarifiers and oil/water separators must be periodically pumped in order to keep discharges within limits. Cover waste storage areas. Avoid application of pesticides and herbicides before wet season Secondary containment and dykes in fuel/oil storage facilities Conducting routine inspections to ensure cleanliness Preparation of spill response plans, particularly for fuel and oil storage areas. Provision of slit traps in storm water drains Good housekeeping in the above areas.
7.1.4 EMP FOR LAND ENVIRONMENT A) CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Waste generated from construction activity includes construction debris, biomass from land clearing activities (if any), waste from the labour camp, and. other waste. The following section discusses management of each type of waste. Besides management of topsoil is an important area for which management measures are required. Construction Debris Construction debris is bulky and heavy and re-utilization and recycling is an important strategy for management of such waste. As concrete and masonry constitute the majority of waste generated, recycling of this waste by conversion to aggregate can offer benefits of reduced landfill space and reduced extraction of raw material for new construction activity. This is particularly applicable to shopping mall project as the construction is to be completed in a phased manner.
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Recycled aggregate will be used for filler application, and as a sub-base for internal road construction. Mixed debris with high gypsum, plaster, shall not be used as fill, as they are highly susceptible to contamination, and will be given to recyclers. Construction contractors shall remove metal scrap from structural steel, piping, concrete reinforcement and sheet metal work from the site. A significant portion of wood scrap can be reused on site. Recyclable wastes such as plastics, glass fiber insulation, roofing etc shall be sold to recyclers. Solid and Other waste Construction sites are sources of many toxic substances, such as paints, solvents, wood preservatives, pesticides, adhesives and sealants. Such wastes generated during construction phase shall be stored in sealed containers, labeled, and disposed of as required by the Hazardous Wastes Management and Handling Act Amendment Rules (MoEF, 2003). Some management practices to be developed are; Herbicides and pesticide will not be over applied (small-scale applications) and not applied prior to rain; Paintbrushes and equipment for water and oil based paints shall be cleaned within a contained area and shall not be allowed to contaminate site soils, watercourses, or drainage systems. Adequate storage facilities for such waste shall be provided and the waste collection containers conveniently located. A separate designation to earmark such waste will be made so that the waste storage areas are away from storm drains or watercourses. Clearly label all such waste containers with the waste being stored and the date of generation. Educate employees and subcontractors on waste storage and disposal procedures.
Soil Management Measures, which would be followed to prevent soil erosion and contamination include - Maximize use of organic fertilizer for landscaping and green belt development. - To prevent soil contamination by oil/grease, leak proof containers should be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease and wash off from the oil/grease handling area shall be drained through impervious drains and treated appropriately before disposal. - Vegetation of bare areas after the project. - Working in a small area at a point of time (phase wise construction). - Construction of erosion prevention troughs/berms.
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B)
OPERATIONAL PHASE
The philosophy of solid waste management at the shopping mall will be to encourage the four Rs of waste i.e. waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and recovery (materials & energy). This will reduce in lesser reliance on land filling. Regular public awareness meetings will be conducted to involve the occupants and the employees to ensure proper segregation, storage and collection of waste as per the municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000. The Environmental Management Plan for the solid waste focuses on the Segregation, Storage at source and Collection of the waste management system. Segregation and storage at source Segregation of waste at source should be made mandatory for the complex. Segregation or sorting waste at its source should be practiced in order to encourage reuse/recycling. With segregation at source recyclables do not lose their commercial value due to cross contamination. Waste generated at the complex should be segregated as: bio degradable, inert cum mixed waste, recyclables and waste from changing oil. The entire waste stream from the complex should be stored and collected separately. Collection The Recyclables from the shopping mall would be given to the waste itinerant buyers or rag pickers, whereas segregated bio-degradable waste and inert cum mixed waste shall be sent to the nearest landfill site for processing and final disposal. Wastes, such as spent oils, paint residues etc. from the site would be collected separately & would be properly disposed off. 7.1.5 EMP FOR BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Construction activities change the natural environment. But it also creates a built environment for the surrounding. The project requires the implementation of following choices exclusively or in combination. A) CONSTRUCTION PHASE - Restriction of construction activities to defined project areas, which are ecologically less sensitive.
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Restrictions on location of labour camps and offices for project staff near the project area to avoid human induced secondary additional impacts on the flora and fauna species. Cutting, uprooting, coppicing of trees or small trees present in and around the project site for cooking, burning or heating purposes by the laborers will be prohibited and suitable alternatives for this purpose will be found. Along the major construction work the peripheral greenbelt should be developed, so that; it will grow to become a full-fledged green cover by the time the construction is over.
B)
OPERATION PHASE
Enhancement of current ecology at the proposed project site will entail the following measures: - Plantation & landscaping - Green Belt Development - Park & avenue plantation. The section below summarizes the techniques to be applied to achieve the above objective. Plantation & landscaping Selection of the plant species will be based on their adaptability to the existing geographical conditions and the vegetation composition of the forest type of the region. During the development of the green belt within the project area, it has to be emphasized that those native plant species should be planted which are having good ornamental values and fast growing with excellent canopy cover.
Selection of plant species for Green belt development The selection of plant species for the development depends on various factors such as climate, elevation and soil. The list of plant species, which can be suitably planted, and having significant importance are provided in Table 7.4. The plants should exhibit the following desirable characteristic in order to be selected for plantation. 1. The species should be fast growing and providing optimum penetrability. 2. The species should be wind-firm and deep rooted. 3. The species should form a dense canopy. 4. As far as possible, the species should be indigenous and locally available 5. Species tolerance to air pollutants like SPM, SO2 and NOx should be preferred. 6. The species should be permeable to help create air turbulence and mixing within the belt. 7. There should be no large gaps for the air to spill through. 8. Trees with high foliage density, leaves with larger leaf area and hairy on both the surfaces.
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9. Ability to withstand conditions like inundation and drought. 10. Soil improving plants (Nitrogen fixing, rapidly decomposable leaf litter). 11. Attractive appearance with good flowering and fruit bearing. 12. Bird and insect attracting tree species. 13. Sustainable green cover with minimal maintenance
TABLE 7.4: SUGGESTED TREES FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
SN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Scientific Name Ailanthus excelsa Albizia lebbeck Albizia procera Alstonia scholaris Anthocephalus cadamba Azadirachta indica Bauhinia variegata Butea monosperma Cassia fistula Emblica officinalis Erythrina indica Leucaena leucocephala Mangifera indica Nyctanthes arbortristis Peltophorum pterocarpum Pongamia pinnata Spathodea campanulata Syzygium cumini Tamarindus indica Terminalia arjuna
Standard Name Maharuk Sirish Safed Sirish Chhatin Kadamb Neem Kanchan Palash Amaltas Amla Dadap Subabul Aam Harsingar Copper pod/ Yellow flame tree Karanj Rugtoora (African tulip) Jamun Imli Arjun
Time when floweringfruiting occurs January-March January-March January-March January-April August- October June-July May-June February-April March-June January July-August February-May April-July Throughout the year December-May February-May February-May June-July March-April April-July
Landscaping and Avenue Plantation Parks or gardens maintained for recreational and ornamental purposes will not only improve the current ecology of the proposed site but also aesthetic value in the area. The plan for plantation in parks and avenues is given below. Parks/Gardens - Ornamental trees with spreading branches, shade giving with colorful flowers for people to relax. (Alstonia scholaris, Saraca asoca, Ailanthus excelsa, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Mimusops elengi, Tecoma stans, Cassia fistula, Cassia alata, Callistemon citrinus, Acalypha hispida, Caesalpinia pulcherrima,
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Calliandra haematocephala, Cestrum nocturnum, Erythrina indica, Murraya paniculata, Plumeria acuminata, Polyalthia longifolia, Polyalthia pendula, Putranjiva roxburghii, Tabernaemontana divaricata etc) Suitable patches of lawns, rocketry with cactus and other small flowering xerophytic plants.
Avenue plantation - Trees with colonial canopy with attractive flowering - Trees with branching at 10 feet and above - Trees with medium spreading branches to avoid obstruction to the traffic - Fruit trees to be avoided because children may obstruct traffic and general movement of public. 7.1.6 EMP FOR SOCIO -ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
The Social management plan has been designed to take proactive steps and adopt best practices, which are sensitive to the socio-cultural setting of the region. The Social Management Plan for the Ambi Mall project will focus on the following components Income Generation Opportunity During Construction and Operation phase Ambi mall project would provide employment opportunity during construction and operation phase. There would also be a wider economic impact in terms of generating opportunities for secondary occupation within and around the complex. The main principles considered for employment and income generation opportunities are out lined below: Employment strategy would prefer employment of local people. General recruitment procedures will be transparent, public, open to all and recruitment should be publicized in advance. There will be no discrimination on basis of gender, caste or other factors. Improved Working Environment for Employees Ambi mall project would provide safe and improved working conditions for the workers employed at the facility during construction and operation phase. With the proposed ambience and facilities provided, the complex will provide a new experience in working and recreation. Following measures should be taken to improve the working environment of the area. Less use of chemicals and biological agents with hazard potential Developing a proper interface between the work and the human resource through a system of skill improvement Measures to reduce the incidence of work related injuries, fatalities and diseases Maintenance and beautifications of the Complex and the surrounding roads.
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Providing a system of incentives to employers and employees to achieve higher health and safety standards Opportunities would be provided to the emerging and established artist to showcase their work Handicraft and indigenous crafts from different states would be promoted by providing a platform for display and trade. MITIGATIVE MEASURES Transport and road safety: Since the project involves the movement of vehicles and machineries in the area, the health and safety of pedestrians and residents accessing the communities is an issue of concern. Considering this, the project proponents shall mitigate the impact by drawing traffic management plans, so that any mishap due to traffic thenceforth can be avoided. Besides having an implication on their safety, the increase in traffic would create congestion, cause potential delays and inconvenience for pedestrians. Taking this into concern, following aspects should be kept in mind: Proper precautionary signage shall be installed. Training to the drivers. Installation of adequate speed breakers at correct locations. Conclusion Thus overall, its evident that the project aims at maximizing the project benefits to the people around the site, the region and the state in general. As discussed in the study, appropriate measures would be taken to mitigate negative impacts on the residents. The benefits along with mitigation measures to tackle any adverse impact on the socio-economic conditions should aim at creating most conducive situation for the project to operate and maximize benefits of the socio-economic status of the society and residents existing around the project site. 7.1.7 EMP FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION
Energy conservation program will be implemented through measures taken both on energy demand and supply as given in Figure 7.2
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FIGURE7.2: FLOW DIAGRAM FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION
Supply
Energy Conservation
Demand
Utilize energy-efficient diesel generators Exploring the possibilities of introducing renewable energy
Reduce consumption Use energy-efficient appliances Create Guest Awareness
Energy conservation will be one of the focuses during the complex planning and operation stages. The conservation efforts would consist of the following: Energy Saving Practices Purchase of energy efficient appliances Constant monitoring of energy consumption and defining targets for energy conservation Adjusting the settings and illumination levels to ensure minimum energy used for desired comfort levels Installing programmable on/off timers and sensors for low occupancy areas Use of compact fluorescent lamps and low voltage lighting. Sunscreen films on windows to reduce heating inside the buildings Behavioral change on consumption - Training staff on methods of energy conservation and to be vigilant to such opportunities.
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7.2
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND MONITORING PLAN
Apart from having an Environmental Management Plan, it is necessary to have a permanent staff charged with the task of ensuring its effective implementation of mitigation measures and to conduct environmental monitoring. The major duties and responsibilities of the person in - charge shall be as given below: To implement the environmental management plan, To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations, To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices, To minimize environmental impacts of operations by strict adherence to the EMP. To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule. Review and interpretation of monitored results and corrective measures in case monitored results are above the specified limit. Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental laws as ready reference. Maintain environmental related records. Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultants, monitoring laboratories. Maintain of log of public inconvenience and the action taken
7.2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING The purpose of environmental monitoring is to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) by periodically monitoring the important environmental parameters within the impact area, so that any adverse affects are detected and timely action can be taken. In consultation with the Delhi Pollution Control Committee, the Ambi mall authorities will monitor ambient air quality, noise levels, groundwater quality, soil quality and solid wastes in accordance with an approved monitoring schedule. The monitoring protocol and location selection will have to done carefully. The monitoring sampling program should be discussed and approved by DPCC. A suggested monitoring protocol, based on the predicted impacts, is given in Table 7.5.
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TABLE 7.5: SUGGESTED MONITORING PROGRAM FOR AMBI MALL

Sr. Type No. Stack emission 1. monitoring Groundwater 2. (Potability testing) Treated sewage 3. water quality Locations Stack of any one operating DG set. Project Site Parameters SO2, NOx, SPM, CO Drinking water parameters as per IS 10500. Parameters for horticulture use - BOD, pH, S.S, Coliforms Period and Frequency Quarterly during operational phase Pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. As per vendor specifications
STP
7.2.3 AWARENESS AND TRAINING Training and human resource development is an important link to achieve sustainable operation of the facility and environmental management. For successful functioning of the project, relevant EMPs should be communicated to the following groups of people: Employees Employees must be made aware of the importance of waste segregation and storage, water and energy conservation. This awareness can be provided through leaflets and periodic in house meetings. They should be informed of their responsibilities for successful operation of various environmental management schemes inside the premises. Site Staff Relevant personnel at site must be trained for the following: Collection, Segregation and Storage of the solid and waste generated during oil change. Operation and maintenance of Sewage Treatment Plant and reclamation system Requirements of the Emergency Response Plan in case of an emergency. Techniques for waste minimization, water conservation and energy conservation Applicable environmental, health and safety regulations and compliance requirements for the same. Functioning of the Environmental Management System including environmental monitoring, reporting and documentation needs.
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7.2.4 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING Record keeping and reporting of performance is an important management tool for ensuring sustainable operation of the Ambi Mall. Records should be maintained for regulatory, monitoring and operational issues. Typical record keeping requirements for the Ambi Mall site is summarized in Table 7.6. TABLE 7.6 RECORD KEEPING REQUIREMENTS
Parameter Solid Waste Handling and Disposal Sewage Treatment Particulars Daily quantity of waste generated and sent for disposal Daily quantity of raw and treated sewage Quantity and point of usage of treated wastewater Treated wastewater quality Environmental Permits / Consents from DPCC / MOEF Copy of Waste manifests as per requirement Records of all monitoring carried out as per the finalized monitoring protocol. Log book of compliance Employee environmental, health and safety records Equipment inspection and calibration records, where applicable Vehicle maintenance and inspection records
Regulatory Licenses (Environmental) Monitoring and Survey
Other
7.2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITS AND CORRECTIVE ACTION PLANS To assess whether the implemented EMP is adequate, the Ambi Mall Management Committee will conduct periodic environmental audits. These audits will be followed by Corrective Action Plans (CAP) to correct various issues identified during the audits.
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8.0
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
Emergency prevention through good design, operation, maintenance and inspection are essential to reduce the probability of occurrence and consequential effect of such eventualities. However, it is not possible to totally eliminate such eventualities and random failures of equipment or human errors, omissions and unsafe acts cannot be ruled out. An essential part of major hazard control has therefore, to be concerned with mitigating the effects of such Emergency and restoration of normalcy at the earliest. The overall objective of an emergency response plan (ERP) is to make use of the combined resources at the site and outside services to achieve the following: 1. To localize the emergency and if possible eliminate it; 2. To minimize the effects of the accident on people and property; 3. Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties; 4. Safeguard other people; 5. Evacuate people to safe areas; 6. Informing and collaborating with statutory authorities; 7. Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control; 8. Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the cause and circumstances of the emergency; 9. Investigating and taking steps to prevent reoccurrence The ERP has therefore to be related to the identification of sources from which hazards can arise and the maximum credible loss scenario that can take place in the concerned area. The plan takes into account the maximum credible loss scenario - actions that can successfully mitigate the effects of losses/ Emergency need to be well planned so as they would require less effort and resources to control and terminate emergencies, should the same occur. Main hazards identified for the project include hazards pertaining to fires in buildings and fire in diesel storage areas, earthquake and LPG leakage and an ERP pertaining to this is described in the following section. 8.1 RESPONSE IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
Response Procedures for Employees and Visitors If indoors: - Take cover under a piece of heavy furniture or against an inside wall and hold on. - Stay inside: The most dangerous thing to do during the shaking of an earthquake is to try to leave the building because objects can fall on you.
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If outdoors: - Move into the open, away from buildings, streetlights, and utility wires. Once in the open, stay there until the shaking stops. If in a moving vehicle: - Stop quickly and stay in the vehicle. Move to a clear area away from buildings, trees, overpasses, or utility wires. Once the shaking has stopped, proceed with caution. Avoid bridges or ramps that might have been damaged by the quake. After the quake - After the quake be prepared for aftershocks. - Although smaller than the main shock, aftershocks cause additional damage and may bring weakened structures down. Aftershocks can occur in the first hours, days, weeks, or even months after the quake. Help injured or trapped persons. - Give first aid where appropriate. Do not move seriously injured persons unless they are in immediate danger of further injury. Call for help. - Remember to help those who may require special assistance--infants, the elderly, and people with disabilities. - Stay out of damaged buildings. - Use the telephone only for emergency calls. Response Procedure for Emergency Team 8.2 March 2006
Formulate an Ambi Mall Emergency Response Team for earthquake response Using the public address system, inform viewers and staff of response procedures discussed above. Inform the necessary authorities for aid Ensure no visitors or employees are stuck beneath any debris, in case of a structural failure. Ensure that all Employees and visitors standing outside near the buildings are taken to open areas. Ensure that the first aid ambulance and fire tender vehicles are summoned if necessary. Inform the nearby hospitals if there are any injuries. Check the utilities and storage tanks for any damage. RESPONSE OF LPG LEAKAGE The affected area should be evacuated and cordoned off immediately Initiate the Ambi Mall Emergency Response Team for LPG leakage. Shut down the main valves in the gas bank, if any in the restaurants and food courts. 148
8.3 -
Ensure that only concerned personnel are present in the affected area and all other personnel and visitors are moved to the nearest assembly points. Rescue trapped personnel, also check if any personnel are unconscious in the area and immediately move them outside and provide first aid. Ambulance should be summoned to take injured personnel to the nearest hospital. Personnel in the nearby buildings to close all doors and windows to prevent entry of the leaked gas. Source of leakage to be traced and isolated from all the other areas. And if required use pedestal fans to bring down the gas concentration. In case of a fire follow the instructions in case of fire. RESPONSE IN CASE OF FIRE Required response during in the event of a fire should be described in signs located in the lobby. On sighting a fire, it should be immediately informed to the manager of the Ambi Mall giving the exact location and type of fire in detail. Initiate the Ambi Mall Emergency Response Team for fires. If the fire is small, engage in extinguishing the fire using the nearest fire extinguisher. Guide the Ambi Mall Emergency Response Team staff to the emergency assembly point. The Ambi Mall Emergency Response Team should immediately inform the nearest dispensary and security force. If required a fire tender should be summoned. The Ambi Mall response team should immediately move to the point of fire and take all necessary steps to stop the fire. If the fire is not controllable and spreads then the Ambi Mall manager in charge should inform the district authorities and call for external help. The Ambi Mall Emergency Response Team will provide immediate relief to the injured viewers and staff at the scene of incident. Any injured persons should be evacuated on priority to the dispensary or one of the nearest hospitals based on their condition.
Instructions for Employees and Visitors Get out of buildings as quickly and as safely as possible. Use the stairs to escape. When evacuating, stay low to the ground. If possible, cover mouth with a cloth to avoid inhaling smoke and gases. Close doors in each room after escaping to delay the spread of the fire. If in a room with a closed door. o If smoke is pouring in around the bottom of the door or if it feels hot, keep the door closed. o Open a window to escape or for fresh air while awaiting rescue. o If there is no smoke at the bottom or top and the door is not hot, then open the door slowly. o If there is too much smoke or fire in the hall, slam the door shut.
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Stay out of damaged buildings. Check that all wiring and utilities are safe.
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APPENDIX I STANDARDS FOR EFFLUENT DISCHARGE
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S. No
Parameter Inland Surface Water
Standards Public Sewer
Land for Irrigation

5.5 9.0 200 100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29
5.5 9.0 5.5 9.0 100 600 30 350 0.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 10 20 0 Not exceed 5 C of receiving body Cyanides (as CN) 0.2 2.00 Ammonical Nitrogen (as N) 50 50 Cadmium (as Cd) 2.0 1.0 Nickel (as Ni) 3 3 Zinc (as Zn) 5.0 15 Copper (as Cu) 3.0 3.0 Lead (as Pb) 0.1 1.0 Iron (as Fe) 3 3 Total Residual Chlorine 1.0 Total Nitrogen 100 COD 250 Arsenic (as As) 0.2 0.2 Mercury (as Hg) 0.01 0.01 Selenium (as Se) 0.05 0.05 Fluoride (as F) 2 15 Sulphides (as S) 2 Phenolic Compounds (as 1 5 Phenols) Particle size of suspended Pass 850 micron solids sieve Free Ammonia (NH3) 5.0 Dissolved phosphate (as P) 5 Radioactive Materials Alpha Emitters (UC/ml) max 10-6 10-6 10-6 Beta Emitters (UC/ml) max 10-6 Bio-assay test 90% survival of fish 90% survival of after 96 hours in fish after 96 hours 100% effluent in 100% effluent Vanadium (as V) 0.2 0.2
pH Suspended Solids BOD3 at 270 C Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) Total Chromium (Cr) Oil & Grease Temperature
10
0.2
0.2
10-8 10-7 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent
30
* All the values in mg/l except pH, Temp, Particle Size, Radioactivity
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APPENDIX -II DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARD AS PER BIS 10500, 1991
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S. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19
Parameters Colour (Hz units) Turbidity (NTU) PH Total Hardness (CaCO3) Iron Chloride Alkalinity Boron Dissolved Solids Calcium Sulphate Nitrate Fluoride Phenolic Compound Pesticides Lead Zinc Chromium (hexavalent)
Desirable Limit (mg/l) 5 5 6.5 8.5 300 0.3 250 200 1 500 75 200 45 1 0.001 Absent 0.05 5 0.05
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APPENDIX -III NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
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Pollutants
Timeweighted average
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Annual Average* 24 hours** Oxides of Nitrogen as Annual NO2 Average* 24 hours** Suspended Particulate Annual Matter (SPM) Average* 24 hours** Respirable Particulate Annual Matter (RPM) (size Average* less than 10 microns) 24 hours** Lead (Pb) Annual Average* 24 hours** Ammonia Annual Average* 24 hours** Carbon Monoxide Annual (CO) Average* 24 hours**
Concentration in Ambient Air Industrial Residential, Sensitive Areas Areas Rural & other Areas 3 80 g/m 60 g/m3 15 g/m3 120 g/m3 80 g/m3 120 g/m3 360 g/m3 500 g/m3 120 g/m3 150 g/m3 1.0 g/m3 1.5 g/m3 0.1 mg/m3 0.4 mg/m3 5.0 mg/m3 10.0 mg/m3 80 g/m3 60 g/m3 80 g/m3 140 g/m3 200 g/m3 60 g/m3 100 g/m3 0.75 g/m3 1.00 g/m3 0.1 mg/m3 0.4 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 4.0 mg/m3 30 g/m3 15 g/m3 30 g/m3 70 g/m3 100 g/m3 50 g/m3 75 g/m3 0.50 g/m3 0.75 g/m3 0.1 mg/m3 0.4 mg/m3 1.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3
*Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval **24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days
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APPENDIX - IV NATIONAL AMBIENT NOISE STANDARDS
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Area Code
B C D
NATIONAL AMBIENT NOISE STANDARDS Category of Area Limits in dB (A) Leq Day Time Night Time (0600 hrs 2200 (2200 hrs hrs) 0600hrs) Commercial Area 65 55 Residential Area 55 45 Silence Zone 50 40
NOISE EXPOSURE LIMITS AS PER FACTORY ACT Time (in hours) 8 6 4 3 2 1 Noise (in dB) 90 92 95 97 100 105
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APPENDIX - V SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA TABLES
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TABLE 1
POPULATION PATTERN
Village name Delhi Najafgarh Zone Ward no-56

*Source: Census of India (2001)
Population (in the year) 1991 2001 9300000 13850507 743116 57163 74490 TABLE 2
GENDER WISE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION Village name *Sex ratio Male population Female population Delhi 821 7607234 6243273 Najafgarh Zone 810 411366 331750 Ward no-56 818 40971 33519
*Source: Census of India (2001)
TABLE 3 GENDER WISE LITERACY STATUS Village name Literate (male) Delhi 5700847 Najafgarh Zone 315900 Ward no-56 32041
Source: Census of India (2001)
LITERATES
Literate (Female) 3963917 210503 23484
TABLE 4 BREAK -UP OF MAIN, MARGINAL AND NON-WORKERS Total Marginal Main workers Non workers Village Name working workers population Number % Number % Number % Delhi 4545234 4317516 31.2 227718 1.6 9305273 67.2 Najafgarh Zone 229633 218115 28.8 8829 2.2 513483 69 Ward no-56 28314 27490 36.9 824 1.1 46176 62
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TABLE 5 NUMBER OF WORKERS ENGAGED IN VARIOUS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Village Name 1 2 3 4 Delhi 37431 15773 140032 4351998 Najafgarh Zone 418 403 6601 222104 Ward no-56 28 158 531 26773
Source: Census of India (2001) Note: (1-Cultivators; 2-Agricultural labourers; 3household manufacturing industry; 4-Construction workers, Trade and commerce, Transportation, storage workers or Other services)
TABLE 6 BREAK UP OF MALE WORKERS AND FEMALE WORKERS Village name Male workers Female workers 3960101 585133 Delhi 251075 31681 Najafgarh Zone 22356 5988 Ward no-56
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APPENDIX - VI DETAILS OF THE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE

CONSTRAINT AREA
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Status/Year of construction
Plot No.
Name of Allottee RESIDENTIAL: Kussumpur Village Hill View Appartments Sub-Total 'A' PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC/INSTITUTIONAL School of Planning & Architects
Area of Land (in hectare)
12.00 Old habitation 3.00 Developed in 1982 15.00 8.00 Land allotted, construction yet to start 3.17 Land allotted, construction yet to start 0.60 Developed in 1999 1.50 Developed in 2003 1.00 Under construction 1.21 Construction completed in 2005 1.81 Construction completed in 2005 0.81 Under construction 1.37 Land allotted, construction yet to start 0.80 Under construction 1.84 Land allotted, construction yet to start 0.40 Under Construction 1.49 N.A. 24.00 4.00 Developed in 1996-97 19.13 Under construction 23.13 29.87 Partly developed for public services 29.87 92.00
2 3 4 5 6
Birla Academy Ram Vithla Shiksha Sewa Samiti Instiute for Studies of Industrial Development Natonal Book Trust of India Institute for Centre of Alternative Disputes Resolution Shri Jagad Guru Shankracharya C.R.P.F Chaudhary Devi Lal Memorial Trust TE RI Hospital Site Govt. of Madhya Pradesh Balance area for recreational purposes Sub-Total 'B' COMMERCIAL M/s Unison Hotel Ltd. (Hotel Grand) Shopping Mall Complex Sub-Total 'C'
7 8 9 10 11 12
Open area for circulation and recreation Sub-Total 'D' Grand Total (A+B+C+D)
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AMBI MALL VASANT KUNJ, DELHI

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Ambi Mall -Vasant kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Ambi Mall -Vasant kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Ambi Mall -Vasant kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Ambi Mall -Vasant kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Ambi Mall -Vasant kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Ambi Mall -Vasant kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Ambi Mall -Vasant kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

EIA Executive Summary Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

EIA Executive Summary Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi

Landuse Built up area Landscaping/Open Area Roads

Area (sq.m.) 12600 17315 3500 33415

% of the total 37.70% 51.81% 10.47% 100

EIA Executive Summary Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

EIA Executive Summary Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

EIA Executive Summary Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi

FIGURE E.1: LOCATION MAP OF PROJECT SITE OF AMBIENCE

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

EIA Executive Summary Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi

Ambient Air Quality

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

EIA Executive Summary Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

EIA Executive Summary Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

EIA Executive Summary Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

EIA Executive Summary Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

EIA Executive Summary Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

EIA Executive Summary

Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi

TABLE E-3: SUMMARY MATRIX OF PREDICTED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Operation Phase Sewage treatment through SAFF process

Sewage sludge to be used as manure for landscaping and greenbelt development

No negative impact on ground water quality envisaged. Not significant

Ground Water Depletion

Surface Water Quality

Surface water contamination

Construction Phase Surface runoff from site during construction activity.

No off site impact envisaged as no surface water receiving body nearby.

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.

EIA Executive Summary

Ambi Mall - Vasant Kunj, Delhi

No off site impact envisaged

Construction Phase All heavy construction activities.

Suitable control measures will be adopted as per a dust control plan.

Emissions of SPM, SO2, NOx and CO

Operation Phase Power generation through D.G Set Operations.

Ambience Developers Private Ltd.