SCHOOL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Course Outline

MATS2003

Materials Characterisation
Session 1, 2012

CONTENTS
Page Your course at a glance Course details Learning and teaching philosophy underpinning the course Course information Academic honesty and plagiarism Continual course improvement Administrative matters 2 3 4 5 6 7 7

Your Course at a Glance What you will learn 1 2 Specimen Preparation Crystallography Weeks 1 12 Crystallography Tutorial Sheet due Week 3 3 X-Ray Diffraction 34 X-ray Diffraction Assignment due Week 5 Tutorial Assignment 1 Laboratory 3 Assignment 2 Laboratory 2 Assessment Task Laboratory 1 Tutorial

Electron Microscopy

47

Electron Microscopy Tutorial Sheet due Week 7 5 6 7 8 9 Spectroscopy Optical Microscopy Digital Image Analysis Stereology Thermal Analysis 7 78 8 8 9 Laboratory 3 Laboratory 4 Laboratory 5

Electron Microscopy Assignment due Week 9 Laboratory Classes Weeks 913 All Laboratory Tasks due Week 13 Final Exam

Course Details
COURSE OBJECTIVES: The objective of this course is to develop an understanding of the principles, practice and application of optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and spectroscopy in the characterisation of the internal structure of materials. COURSE OUTLINE: Introduction to crystallography: crystal symmetry, Bravais lattices and crystal structures; Miller and Miller-Bravais Indices. Specimen preparation; optical and electron microscopy; image analysis and stereology; x-ray, electron, and neutron diffraction; x-ray fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, dynamic thermal analysis; nondestructive analysis - ultrasonics, radiography, computed tomography. COURSE STAFF: Dr Owen Standard Course Coordinator Lecturer Room 216, School of Materials Science and Engineering (Building E8) Phone: 9385 4437 o.standard@unsw.edu.au Room B89, EM Unit, Chemical Sciences Building Phone: 9385 4435 p.munroe@unsw.edu.au Consultation hours: by appointment (please contact by email)

Prof Paul Munroe Lecturer

Consultation hours: by appointment (please contact by email)

TIMETABLE:
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Lecture Locations: Monday 11-1 Course Introduction (OS) Specimen Preparation (OS) Crystallography (OS) X-Ray Diffraction (OS) X-Ray Diffraction (OS) Electron Microscopy (PM) Electron Microscopy (PM) Electron Microscopy (PM) Thermal Analysis (PM) Digital Image Analysis (OS) Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Tuesday 9-11 Crystallography (OS) Crystallography (OS) X-Ray Diffraction (OS) X-Ray Diffraction (OS) Electron Microscopy (PM) Electron Microscopy (PM) Electron Microscopy (PM) Optical Microscopy (OS) Stereology (OS) Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Friday 11-1 Crystallography (OS) Crystallography (OS) X-Ray Diffraction (OS) Electron Microscopy (PM) Electron Microscopy (PM) Public Holiday Spectroscopy (PM) Optical Microscopy (OS) Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory

MON Tyree Energy Technology Bldg., Room LG07 TUES Mechanical Eng. Bldg., Room 403 FRI Chem.Sci. Bldg., Room M10 Laboratory Locations: Mat.Sci.G12; Mat.Sci. G14; Chem.Sci G65 (UNSW Analytical Centre) 3

LABORATORY/DEMONSTRATION WORK: Laboratory/demonstration work in the course is designed to directly complement the lecture material and to provide practical understanding and experience in materials characterisation. It consists of the following laboratories/demonstrations at the locations indicated: Lab. 1 Lab. 2 Lab. 3 Lab. 4 Lab. 5 Metallographic Sample Preparation (Laboratory) MSE G12 X-ray Diffraction (Demonstration) UNSW Analytical Centre Operation of Inverted Light Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (Demonstration/Laboratory) MSE G12 Digital Image Processing and Analysis (Laboratory) MSE G14 Quantitative Microscopy (Laboratory) MSE G14

Groups and timetable for the laboratory/demonstration work will be finalized prior to Week 7 according to the total number of students enrolled in the course. Students may change groups only if they apply in writing to the Course Coordinator and have another student who has agreed to swap with them. Students are permitted to attend only the laboratory group to which they have been assigned. Students attending other laboratory groups will be asked to leave. Attendance at laboratory classes is compulsory. Prior to selected laboratories, students will receive OHS information (such as risk assessments) and will be required to sign a declaration that they have read and understood this information. Appropriate footwear must be worn by students in laboratories at all times. Safety glasses and laboratory coats must be worn in laboratories. These items will not be provided by the School students are expected to provide their own. Any student not wearing these items will not be permitted in the laboratory and will not be allowed to retake the laboratory at another time and will receive a mark of zero for that laboratory.

ASSESSMENT: ASSESSMENT TASK FRACTION

Tutorial/Assignment Work Crystallography Tutorial Sheet Issued in Week 1, due Friday Week 3 5% Students will determine basic crystallographic relationships and perform crystal structure calculations. X-ray Diffraction Assignment Issued in Week 3, due Friday Week 5 Students will determine crystallographic structure factors from first 10% principles and will use them to determine the crystal structure of selected materials from their measured XRD patterns. Electron Microscopy Tutorial Issued in Week 5, due in Week 7 Students use an online interactive SEM simulator to learn the basic 5% operation of an SEM and to determine how image appearance is affected by SEM operating conditions. Electron Microscopy Assignment Issued in Week 7, due in week 9 Students will interpret topographical and compositional SEM images and 10% data. Laboratory/Demonstration Work Lab. 1 Prepared Microstructural Specimen Students will employ selected metallographic preparation steps learnt in lectures to prepare a specimen suitable for microstructural examination by 2% optical microscopy and SEM. Students will learn correct methodology to prepare metallographic specimens. Lab. 2 X-ray Diffraction Report The principle of operation of a powder X-ray diffractometer will be demonstrated to students in small groups. Separate XRD measurements to identify the phases in a mixed-phase sample and to determine the 5% lattice parameters of a single-phase material will be done. Students will apply crystallographic principles to the interpretation of the resultant XRD data. Lab. 3 Microscopy Report Students will work in small groups to: 1) learn the correct operation of an inverted optical microscope and to examine and interpret the effect of microscope settings on the resultant micrograph image; and 2) employ 6% SEM operating principles learnt in the SEM online tutorial to an actual SEM instrument by performing compositional and topographical analyses of a specimen. Students will report and interpret resultant data. Lab. 4 Processed Digital Microstructure Image Students will process materials micrographs using digital image 2% processing operations learnt in lectures to produce images suitable for publication or for stereological quantification. Lab. 5 Quantitative Microscopy Worksheet Students will use standard stereological relationships and methods to quantify materials micrographs. The volume fraction and grain size of microstructures will be measured manually on actual micrographs and by 5% computer image analysis of digital images. Students will also learn the importance of bias and statistical accuracy in stereographical measurements. All laboratory/demonstrations are done in Weeks 9-13 as per the published schedule and the assessment tasks for the 5 labs are due by end of Week 13. Final Examination (End of Session) See below for details.

30%

20%

50%

TOTAL 100% Assessment tasks must be completed and submitted by the dates set (these will advised during session). All submitted work must contain a completed student declaration sheet. Marked assignments will be returned within two weeks of submission.
5

Penalties for Late Submission of Assessment Tasks Assignments submitted after the deadline will receive a penalty of 10% of the max. grade for every day late, or part thereof. Final Exam This final exam will cover all aspects of the course consisting of formal lectures, nominated reading material (from course handouts), laboratory work, and assignments. It will consist of a combination of short-answer style answers and calculations. Any derivations will assume knowledge of the material rather than resorting equations to memory with relevant background equations provided. The exam will assess both underlying principles of materials characterization techniques as well as their application to the practical characterisation of real materials. The exam will held in the formal UNSW examination period following Session 1. REFERENCES: C. Barrett and T.B. Massalski, Structure of Metals, 3rd Revised Edition. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980. B.D. Cullity and S.R. Stock, Elements of X-ray Diffraction, 3rd Revised Edition. Prentice-Hall Inc., 2001. R. Jenkins & R.L. Snyder, Introduction to X-ray Powder Diffractometry. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1996 N.F. Kennon, Patterns in Crystals. John Wiley, Chichester, 1980. M.H.Loretto, Electron Beam Analysis of Materials, Second Edition. Chapman and Hall, New York, 1994. Metals Handbook, Ninth Edition, Volume 9 Metallography and Microstructures. American Society for Metals, USA, 1985. J.C. Russ, The Image Processing Handbook, Third Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1999. G.F. Vander Voort, Metallography Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill, New York, 1984. Y. Waseda, E. Matsubara, and K. Shinoda, X-Ray Diffraction Crystallography: Introduction, Examples and Solved Problems. Springer, Berlin, 2011. THE LEARNING AND TEACHING PHILOSOPHY UNDERPINNING THE COURSE (Based on UNSW Learning Guidelines): The course is designed for you to actively engage in the learning process and analyse and synthesise the content in a real world environment. Students are actively engaged in the learning process. It is expected that, in addition to attending classes, students read, write, discuss, and are engaged in solving problems in the characterisation of materials and the analysis of materials behavior. Effective learning is supported by a climate of inquiry where students feel appropriately challenged. Problems involving microscopy, crystallography, diffraction, and spectroscopy are challenging; students will perform practical exercises that will motivate deep analysis of various phenomena in materials science and engineering. Learning is more effective when students prior experience and knowledge are recognised and built on. The course is built on prior courses in materials science, computing, mathematics, chemistry, and physics. Students become more engaged in the learning process if they can see the relevance of their studies to professional and disciplinary contexts Students will be asked to analyse the role of microscopy, crystallography, diffraction, and spectroscopy in understanding the relationship between composition, structure, and properties in engineering materials.
6

COURSE INFORMATION
Units of credit How the course relates to other course offerings and overall program(s) in the discipline 6 UOC This course will provide the intellectual framework for a number of materials science courses such as phase equilibria, phase transformations, mechanical behaviour, kinetics and diffusion, materials processing, etc. and will enable students to: predict changes in materials structures as a function of composition, temperature, pressure, and time; relate the structure of materials to processing required to make them; and, relate the structure of materials to the resultant properties and applications. Ability to communicate effectively Graduate Ability to manage information and documentation attributes which Capacity for creativity and innovation will be gained Capacity for independent, self-directed practice through the Ability to apply knowledge and skills to solving problems course1 Ability to be rigorous in analysis, critique, and reflection Capacity to work within an agreed Standard or Code of Practice Capacity for lifelong learning and professional development Professional attitudes Expected learning In doing this course you will learn to: outcomes Describe, identify, predict, and quantify the structure of materials at the following scales: crystal structure; nanostructure; microstructure and macrostructure. Operate major instruments used for characterisation of materials and practical skills in examining and quantifying material structures. Understand the importance of structure to mechanical, physical, and other properties of materials. Students will be able to: Prepare appropriate test samples from host components using metallographic techniques and specialised techniques for specific characterisation techniques. Select and use optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, crystallography, thermal analysis, and selected spectroscopic techniques to characterise the composition and structure of materials. Teaching Core concepts, theories and approaches to numerous problems strategies concerning materials characterisation techniques will be covered in lectures. Examples will be provided to demonstrate these principles in materials science and engineering. A series of tutorial, demonstration, and laboratory exercises which demonstrate various characterisation techniques and calculations. It is expected that students attending classes are prepared for discussion. Teaching material, including the course outline, lecture presentations, tutorials, assignments, examples of solutions of problems, and course announcements are available on the Blackboard9 online website. Based on the professional attributes given in Engineers Australia National Generic Competency Standards - Stage 1 Competency Standard for Professional Engineers and UNSW Graduate Attributes.
7
1.

ACADEMIC HONESTY AND PLAGIARISM What is Plagiarism?

Plagiarism is the presentation of the thoughts or work of another as ones own.* Examples include:

direct duplication of the thoughts or work of another, including by copying material, ideas or concepts from a book, article, report or other written document (whether published or unpublished), composition, artwork, design, drawing, circuitry, computer program or software, web site, Internet, other electronic resource, or another persons assignment without appropriate acknowledgement; paraphrasing another persons work with very minor changes keeping the meaning, form and/or progression of ideas of the original; piecing together sections of the work of others into a new whole; presenting an assessment item as independent work when it has been produced in whole or part in collusion with other people, for example, another student or a tutor; and claiming credit for a proportion a work contributed to a group assessment item that is greater than that actually contributed.

For the purposes of this policy, submitting an assessment item that has already beensubmitted for academic credit elsewhere may be considered plagiarism. Knowingly permitting your work to be copied by another student may also be considered to be plagiarism. Note that an assessment item produced in oral, not written, form, or involving live presentation, may similarly contain plagiarised material. The inclusion of the thoughts or work of another with attribution appropriate to the academic discipline does not amount to plagiarism. The Learning Centre website is main repository for resources for staff and students on plagiarism and academic honesty. These resources can be located via: www.lc.unsw.edu.au/plagiarism The Learning Centre also provides substantial educational written materials, workshops, and tutorials to aid students, for example, in:

correct referencing practices; paraphrasing, summarising, essay writing, and time management; appropriate use of, and attribution for, a range of materials including text, images, formulae and concepts.

Individual assistance is available on request from The Learning Centre. Students are also reminded that careful time management is an important part of study and one of the identified causes of plagiarism is poor time management. Students should allow sufficient time for research, drafting, and the proper referencing of sources in preparing all assessment items.

* Based on that proposed to the University of Newcastle by the St James Ethics Centre.
University of Newcastle Adapted with kind permission from the University of Melbourne.

Used with kind permission from the

CONTINUAL COURSE IMPROVEMENT

We welcome feedback at all times on presentation of course materials and any other course-related matters, and will be happy to discuss any issues raised in the lectures. You will be asked to provide evaluative feedback through the UNSW's Course and Teaching Evaluation and Improvement (CATEI) Process Feedback from prior assessments will be discussed in Lecture 1. You will be invited to provide written comment regarding the course prior to the annual staff-student meeting and may raise matters pertaining to the course at the meeting.

ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS
You must attend at least 80% of all classes. Assignments must be submitted by the due date. A penalty of 10% of maximum assignment marks will be deducted per calendar day for late submission. If you are unable to submit work, attend laboratory classes, or attend either the midsession or final exam on health grounds, you should make a request for special consideration by submitting the form available from the Student Desk in the Chancellery. Medical certificates or other appropriate documents must be included. You should also advise your lecturer. Students unable to complete or submit assessment tasks on time or attend the final exam due to illness or misadventure should make a request for special consideration by submitting the UNSW Request for Special Consideration form (including medical certificates or other appropriate documents) to UNSW Student Central. UNSW policy and instructions for special consideration can be found at: https://my.unsw.edu.au/student/atoz/SpecialConsideration.html Students should also inform the lecturer(s) as soon as possible. If you have a disability that requires some adjustment in your teaching or learning environment you are encouraged to discuss your study needs with the course convener prior to, or at the commencement of, your course, or with the Equity Officer (Disability) in the Equity and Diversity Unit (9385 4734 or www.equity.unsw.edu.au/disabil.html). Early notification is essential to enable any necessary adjustments to be made.