Cheers!

Turn Water into Wine, Milk, and Beer

Introduction and Background: This is a quick and fun demonstration that can be used to review precipitation and acid-base reactions in the grade 11 university chemistry course. It can also be used in grade 9 science as examples of reactions where chemical changes occur. Ministry Expectations in Grade 11 University Chemistry: Unit: Solutions and Solubility Overall Expectations: E3. demonstrate an understanding of qualitative (and quantitative) properties of solutions. Specific Expectations: E2.1: use appropriate terminology related to a use appropriate terminology related to aqueous solutions and solubility, including, but not limited to: concentration, solubility, precipitate, ionization, dissociation, pH, dilute, solute, and solvent E2.5 write balanced net ionic equations to represent precipitation and neutralization reactions E3.5 explain the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases Materials: 2 Drink Glasses 1 Wine Glass 1 Beer Mug Water Saturated Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Solution (7.8g/100mL @ 18C) 20% Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) solution (20g/100mL @ 26C) Phenolphthalein Indicator Saturated Barium Chloride (BaCl2) Solution (37.5g/100mL @ 26C) Sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) Concentrated HCl Procedure: The following steps should be done without the students knowing Water glass Wine glass Milk glass Beer mug

full with water 25 mL saturated sodium bicarbonate and 20% sodium a few drops of carbonate solution phenolphthalein (pH 9) indicator 1.

10mL of saturated barium chloride solution

a few crystals of sodium dichromate 5 mL concentrated HCl (just before starting demo)

Hold up the first glass, which contains the water and the 25 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate and 20% sodium carbonate solution (pH = 9). Tell the class that you have a glass of water, but that you arent sure

2. 3. 4.

that it is what you want perhaps you feel more like having a glass of wine. Pour the "water" into a wine glass, which contains a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator. The water will turn red, so it now looks like you have a glass of red wine. Next, tell the class that youve changed your mind and that you really feel more like having a glass of milk. Pour the "wine" into a second drinking glass, which contains 10 mL of saturated barium chloride solution. The solution will now turn white and will look like milk. Finally, tell the class that you dont really want a glass of milk, but think a beer would be more refreshing. Pour the "milk" into the beer mug, which contains contain a very few crystals of sodium dichromate and 5 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (the HCl should be added just before you do the demonstration).

Results and Explanation: The "water" in the first glass is really a solution of sodium carbonate Na2CO3, also known as washing soda. The carbonate ion causes the solution to be alkaline, that is, it is a weak base that produces hydroxide ions (OH-). The second glass contains several drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Phenolphthalein is colorless by itself, but when the alkaline "water" is poured into the glass, it turns pink, giving a solution that looks like a light red wine. The third glass contains a saturated solution of barium chloride (BaCl2). When the "wine" is poured into the glass, the carbonate ions in the solution react with the barium ions to form barium carbonate (BaCO3), a white solid precipitate. The suspension of white solid in the solution makes it look like milk. The fourth glass contains concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) and a few crystals of sodium dichromate. When the "milk" is poured into this, the barium carbonate reacts with the acid, forming soluble barium ions, water, and carbon dioxide gas. The white solid dissolves, the carbon dioxide creates bubbles, giving the solution a "head. The barium ion then reacts with the dichromate ion to form barium dichromate. Barium dichromate has a natural yellow which gives the solution the colour of beer. What We Called It water wine milk beer What Was In the Glass Na2CO3(aq) phenolphthalein indicator BaCl2(aq) HCl(conc) & Na2Cr2O7 Chemical Reaction Na2CO3(aq) + H2O(l) 2Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq) CO32-(aq) + H2O(l) HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq) HIn(aq) + OH-(aq) In-(aq) + H2O(l) Ba2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) BaCO3(s) (net ionic) BaCO3(s) + Na2Cr2O7(s) +HCl(aq) BaCr2O7(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Safety: All chemicals must be handled carefully. The solids and liquids used in this inquiry are safe for you to use with the following precautions: It is recommended that safety glasses be worn. Acids and bases are caustic in high concentration; therefore, concentrations being used should be diluted unless otherwise stated. If spilled on skin or clothing, rinse with running water. Ensure to wash hands and instruments thoroughly when finished. Dispose of the beer solution in the inorganic waste, the other solutions can rinsed down the sink. Once used, mark the drinking glasses so they will be identified as Chemistry Use Only. Teacher Notes: For the experiment to work properly, only pour a bit of the wine solution into the cup for the milk solution. Since sodium dichromate is banned in some schools, as an alternative 4 drops bromothymol blue indicator can be used. References: 1. http://www.coolscience.org/CoolScience/KidScientists/waterwinemilkbeer.htm 2.http://educ.queensu.ca/~science/main/concept/gen/g09/N.%20Puksa/Chemistry%20Website/Water%20to %20Wine%20to%20Milk%20to%20Beer.html 3.http://www.umanitoba.ca/outreach/crystal/resources%20for%20teachers/Cheers!%20Turn%20Water%20Into %20Wine,%20Milk%20&%20Beer.doc.

Cheers! Turn Water into Wine, Milk, and Beer

Review: What is the definition of an Arrhenius acid and base? Arrhenius acid: Arrhenius base: Observe the demonstration and fill in the following chart. Glass 1 2 3 4 Observations Possible Explanation

Based on your knowledge of acid-base tests, what compounds do you think are present in the wine glass? What type of reaction occurred in the milk glass?

Write the net ionic equation for this reaction.

Write the net ionic equation for the reaction that occurred in the beer mug.

How was the foam on the beer produced?