The Reformation in England 1500-1688

Lesson 11 18 December 2011

The Origin of the English Reformation

Political Conditions
The Hundred Years War and Its Effect Taxation Issues and the Raising of Revenues The War of the Roses

Economic Conditions
The Rise of Commerce and the Middle Class The End of Feudalism in England

Social Conditions
The Rise of Biblical Humanism at Oxford The Translation of Luthers Writings The Recovery of the Greek NT Text

Religious Conditions
The Lollards William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale and the English Bible Translation

Henry the VIII

Ruled England from 1509 to 1547 Popular, well educated, politically savvy Wrote In Defense of the 7 Sacraments as a rebuttal to Luthers Babylonian Captivity received title Defender of the Faith Married the Spanish Princess Catherine of Aragon after death of his brother by special papal dispensation, one child (Mary Tudor)
Desired a male heir; sought to divorce Catherine and marry Anne Boleyn
Cardinal Wolsey and Clement the VII Sir Thomas More A Man for All Seasons Cranmer (a Protestant Scholar from Oxford) annuls the marriage Henry appointed the head of the Church under Christ Act of Supremacy Act of Succession legitimates Annes children (Elizabeth) Closes Monasteries and removes Abbots from the House of Lords 1539 Establishes the 6 Articles which reaffirm Catholic practices for the English Church Jane Seymour son Edward (becomes Edward VI) - died Anne of Cleves divorced Catherine Howard executed Catherine Parr outlived him

1533 - Appointed Thomas Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury

Wives

The English Counter Reformation

Henrys will establishes succession
Edward, then Mary Tudor, then Elizabeth

Edward VI King at age 9, Duke of Somerset regent Protestant

1547 Repeals the 6 Articles and allows laity to drink the cup 1549 The Act of Uniformity Book of Common Prayer, English mass 1553 Established the 39 Articles Anglican creed Calvinistic

1553 Edward dies at 15, Mary Tudor takes the throne Mary Bloody Mary daughter of Catherine staunchly Catholic 1554 marries Philip II of Spain very unpopular move Initiates a persecution to rid England of Protestantism
800 clergy lose parishes; many flee to Calvins Geneva 275 clergy executed including Thomas Cranmer, Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley their burning would light a candle in England that Gods grace would never put out Ridley, play the man

1558 Mary dies Foxes Book of Martyrs published in 1563 details the persecution

The Elizabethan Era

1558 Elizabeth (1558- 1603) becomes Queen at age 25
Mary Stuart Queen of Scotland rival claim to the throne Philip II Marys husband will also claim the throne

The Church of England

Split between Protestants and Catholics Elizabeth must support the Protestants only way to claim the throne 1559 The Act of Supremacy monarch is supreme governor in religious and temporal matters The Golden Mean

1563 39 Articles re-adopted and all clergy must sign 1570 Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth
Retaliates by persecuting Jesuits 125 executed Douai Bible Jesuits translate Vulgate into English

1588 The Spanish Armada

Philip II claims throne; also desires England cease supporting Dutch separation Defeated by English Navy ending the threat to Protestant England Irish refuse to accept Protestantism and remain loyal to the Pope

The Non Conformists

Puritans
Sought to reform the Church of England Presbyterian in ecclesiology Centered in Cambridge
University

Independents
Sought to reform the Church of England Congregational in ecclesiology Henry Jacob (1563 1624)
Each church select pastor Manage own affairs

Separatists
Break from the Church of England Congregational in ecclesiology John Robinson and Robert Browne
Emphasized voluntary covenant relationship No state church

1593 Elizabeth orders arrest for failure to attend church Thomas Cartwright (1553 1603)
Calvinist theology Opposed bishops; govern by elders Separation of church and state

1606 Goes to Holland, returns in 1616 Oliver Cromwell and John Milton

1581 flee to Holland 1606 Scrooby William Bradford Church splits to America (Pilgrims) and forms English Baptist Church Particular vs. General Baptists

Puritan England
(1/2)
James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England (Stuart)
Rejects Puritan reforms (The Monarchy and Presbyterianism is like a union between God and the devil) Agrees to a new English Translation the Authorized Version 54 scholars translate entire Bible complete it in 1611 The Divine Right of Kings vs. Parliamentary Governance 1605 Guy Fawkes tries to blow up Parliament and return England to Catholicism

Charles I
Dissolves Parliament (1629 1640), pro-Catholic, 20,000 Puritans depart to America Appoints William Laud to Archbishop of Canterbury
Arminian in theology; orders conformity and a new Book of Common Prayer in Scotland The Scots rebel

1640 Charles recalls Parliament because he cant raise funds Parliament divides into two groups the Cavaliers (royalists) and the Roundheads (Presbyterian) 1642 1646: The English Civil War which is won by Roundheads (Oliver Cromwell) 1648: Charles I escapes from prison, re-captured and executed in 1649

Puritan England
(2/2)
Cromwell establishes the Lord Protectorate and abolishes the King
Establishes toleration the Jews No toleration for Ireland Establishes the core of Presbyterian doctrine

The Westminster Confession and Catechism (1647 1648)

Cromwell separates from the Presbyterians and forms a Parliament of Independents (Congregationalists) known as the rump Parliament Cromwell dies in 1658 son becomes Lord Protector Restoration of the Monarchy
Charles II becomes king 1660 and re-establishes the primacy of the Anglican Church Clarendon Code Pastors must agree to 39 Articles, no gatherings greater than 25 allowed in non-Anglican churches John Bunyan publishes Pilgrims Progress from prison 1678 John Miltons writings influential especially The Areopagitica (1634) calling for freedom of conscience The Glorious Revolution 1688 brings William of Orange and Mary to power 1689 Acts of Toleration enacted which allows for non-conformity

James II comes to power in 1685, attempts to re-establish Catholicism

References
Bunyan, John. Pilgrims Progress Cairns, Earle E. Christianity Through the Centuries Cross, F. L. and E. A. Livingstone ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church Heinze, Rudolph W. The Baker History of the Church vol. 4 Reform and Conflict Milton, John. Paradise Lost