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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A parameter of the Bingham plastic model. PV is the slope of the shear stress/shear rate line above the yield point. PV represents the viscosity of a mud when extrapolated to infinite shear rate on the basis of the mathematics of the Bingham model. (Yield point, YP, is the other parameter of that model.) A low PV indicates that the mud is capable of drilling rapidly because of the low viscosity of mud exiting at the bit. High PV is caused by a viscous base fluid and by excess colloidal solids. To lower PV, a reduction in solids content can be achieved by dilution of the mud. Khi PV thp th kh nng khoan s tng ln do nht thp u mi khoan, PV cao gy nn bi nht ca dung dch v do cc ht rn tp trung. lm gim PV, cn thit gim hm lng cht rn bng cch pha long dung dch. Gi tr ny ty thuc vo t trng v loi dung dch.

YP c s dng nh gi kh nng a mn khoan ln theo khong khng vnh xuyn.

A parameter of the Bingham plastic model. YP is the yield stress extrapolated to a shear rate of zero. (Plastic viscosity, PV, is the other parameter of the Bingham-plastic model.) A Bingham plastic fluid plots as a straight line on a shear rate (x-axis) versus shear stress (y-axis) plot, in which YP is the zero-shear-rate intercept. (PV is the slope of the line.) YP is calculated from 300- and 600-rpm viscometer dial readings by subtracting PV from the 300-rpm dial reading. YP is used to evaluate the ability of a mud to lift cuttings out of the annulus. A high YP implies a non-Newtonian fluid, one that carries cuttings better than a fluid of similar density but lower YP. YP is lowered by adding deflocculant to a clay-based mud and increased by adding freshly dispersed clay or a flocculant, such as lime.

Yield Point (YP) is resistance of initial flow of fluid or the stress required in order to move the fluid. You can simply say that the Yield Point (YP) is the attractive force among colloidal particles in drilling mud.

Practically, you can calculate the YP by this following formula. Yield Point (YP) = Reading from a viscometer at 300 rpm Plastic Viscosity (PV) A unit of YP is lb/100 ft2. You can determine the Plastic Viscosity (PV) by this formula. Plastic Viscosity (PV) = Reading at 600 rpm Reading at 300 rpm For example, you have these values from the viscometer. Reading at 600 rpm = 56 Reading at 300 rpm = 35 Plastic Viscosity (PV) = 56 35 = 21 CP Yield Point (YP) = 35 21 = 14 lb/100 ft2.

The YP indicates the ability of the drilling mud to carry cuttings to surface. Moreover, frictional pressure loss is directly related to the YP. If you have higher YP, you will have high pressure loss while the drilling mud is being circulated. In water-based mud, the YP will be increased with following items; High temperature the high temperature environment tends to increase the YP in the water base mud. Contaminants such as carbon dioxide, salt, and anhydrite in the drilling fluids Over treatment the drilling mud with lime or caustic soda In oil-based mud, the causes of increasing in YP are listed below; Drill solid the more drill solid you have, the more YP will be. Treatment CO2 in the mud with lime (CaO) The lime (CaO) will chemically react with CO2 to form Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) which will increase the YP. Low temperature in the oil base system, the low temperate will increase the viscosity and the YP. Please keep in mind that this is opposite to the water base system. Operational impacts of the YP are as follows; Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) The ECD typically increases when the YP increases. Hole Cleaning - When you drill a large diameter hole, the YP in the drilling mud must be high in order to help hole cleaning efficiency. In order to get the most optimized valve of PV for each a particular drilling campaign. It is very difficult to say how high of PV should be because it depends on several factors. Especially, if you are drilling in the new field, you may need to start with general YP values, and then you will learn once you have experience in a particular field.