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ENGINEERING QUALIFYING EXAMINATION

PHYSICS Solutions to Practice Test 2


Composition and Resolution of Vectors 1. Assume that the three vectors intersect at a single point: F1 = i + 3j + 4k F2 = 2i + 7j - k F3 = -i + 4j + 2k What is the magnitude of the resulting vector, R? A. 15 Solution: B. 13.23 C. 14.73 D. 16.16

Fx Fy Fz R (

1 2 ( 1) 3 7 4 14

4 ( 1) 2 5 Fx ) 2 ( Fy ) 2 ( Fz ) 2 (2) 2 (14) 2 (5) 2

R 15
2. Two forces, F1 and F2, act upon a body in such a manner that the resultant force R has a magnitude equal to that of F1 and makes an angle of 900 with F1. Let F1 = R = 10 lb. Find the magnitude of the second force, and its direction (relative to F1). A. 14 lbs; 300 B. 14 lbs; 1350 C. 10 lbs; 450 D. 10 lbs; 1800 Solution:

Fx Fx F2 x Fy Fy F2 y F2 F2

F1x 10lbs F1 y 10lbs

F2 x

Rx 0

10lbs F2 x

F2 y

Ry 10lbs

0 F2 x

( 14lbs

Fx ) 2 (

Fy ) 2

( 10lbs ) ( 10lbs)

tan

Fy Fx

tan

10 10

450

Since, the x-component is negative and the y-component is positive, we would find the angle 1350 from F1. Thus, the correct answer is 14 lbs, 1350 .
Prepared by: Mary Christine B. Liwanag 1

3. The minimum number of forces with unequal magnitudes whose vector sum can equal zero

is: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

Solution: For the vector sum to be zero, the summation of x-components and y-components must be zero. A closed figure would suffice this condition. The simplest closed figure is a triangle. Hence, 3 vectors are at least required.
Motion in 2-Dimensions 4. If a particle position is given by the expression x(t) = 3.5t3 5.4t meters and t in secs. What is the acceleration of the particle after t = 5 secs? A. 410.5 B. 257.1 C. 105 D. 21 Solution: We are given the displacement as a function of time. Differentiating it once gives the velocity; twice expresses the acceleration as a function of time.

x(t ) 3.5t 3 5.4t v a a x '(t ) 3(3.5)t 2 5.4 v ' x ''(t ) 2(3)(3.5)t x ''(5) m s2 2(3)(3.5)(5)

a 105

5. A ball is thrown vertically upward at 19.6 m/s. The ball comes to a momentarily stop at approximately: A. 0.5 s B. 1.0 s C. 1.5 s D. 2.0 s Solution: The problem asks for the time when v = 0. Solving for the time,

v v0 at 0 19.6 t 2.0s m s 9.8 m t s2

6. A car with its brakes applied has an acceleration of -1.2 m/s2. If its initial velocity is 10 m/s, the distance the car covers in the first 5 secs after the acceleration begin is: A. 15 m B. 25 m C. 35 m D. 65 m Solution:

v0t

1 2 at 2

10

m 1 (5s ) s 2

1.2

m s
2

(5s ) 2

x 35m
7. Using a powerful air gun, a steel ball is shot vertically upward with a velocity of 80 m/s, followed by another shot after 5 secs. What must be the initial velocity of the second ball in order to meet the first ball 150 m from the ground? A. 65.3 m/s B. 45.1 m/s C. 56.2 m/s D. 61.3 m/s

Prepared by: Mary Christine B. Liwanag

Solution:

h v0t gt 2 150m 80 m 1 (t ) s 2 9.8 m 2 t s2

Pressing EQN (5) ax2 + bx + c = 0 (3) in a Casio calculator would solve for the two values of t: t1 2.17 s

t2 14.17 s
Considering quadratic equation, for one height (h) from the ground there are two values of t(as solved). After 2.17 s, the ball is 150 m from the ground on its way upward until it reaches the highest point. After 14.17 s, the ball is again 150 m from the ground but on its way downward. Let t = time needed by the second ball to reach at an elevation of 100 m

t 14.17 s 9s t 5s 1 2 h2 v2t2 gt 2

150m v2 (9.17 s) v2 61.3 m s

1 m 9.8 2 2 s

9.17 s

8. A train passing point A at a speed of 72 kph accelerates at 0.75 m/s2 for one minute along a straight path then decelerates at 1.0 m/s2. How far in km from point A will it be 2 minutes after passing point A? A. 3.60 km B. 4.79 km C. 6.49 km D. 7.30 km Solution: We must perform necessary conversions first. The quantities in the problem are in different units. The target unit chosen must be in km since the choices are in km.

m 0.75 2 s 1min 1.0 m s2

km h2

m 60s 0.75 2 s 1min 1min 1.0 1h 60 min m 60s s 2 1min

60 min 1h 0.017 h

1km 1000m

9720

km h2

hour

km h2

60 min 1h

1km 1000m

12960

km h2

For the first minute, the covered distance is:

d1 d1

v1t

1 2 a1t 2 2.63km

72

km h

0.017h

1 km 9720 2 2 h

0.017h

The initial velocity for the second minute is: km km v2 v1 at 72 9720 2 (0.017h) h h km v2 237.24 h
The distance covered for the second minute is:

Prepared by: Mary Christine B. Liwanag

d2 d2

v2t

1 2 a2t 2 2.16km

237.24

km h

0.017h

1 2

12960

km h2

0.017h

Thus, the total distance covered is: dt d1 d 2 2.63km 2.16km


dt 4.79km

9. A 240 lb block is initially at rest on a flat surface that is inclined at 30 0. If the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.30 and the coefficient of static friction is 0.40, find the force parallel to the plane required to start the block moving up the plane. A. 190 lb B. 203 lb C. 125 lb D. 75 lb Solution: Since we are asked to solve the force P parallel to the plane, we will rotate the axes 300:

Fx Fx P

P (

N) ( W ) 0

P ( 0.40)(240 cos 300 ) ( 240lb)(sin 300 ) 0

203lb

10. A ball rolling on an inclined plane moves with a constant acceleration. One ball is released from rest at the top of an inclined plane 18 m long and reaches the bottom 3 sec later. At the same instant that the first ball is released, a second ball is projected upward along the plane from its bottom with a certain initial velocity. The second ball is to travel part way up the plane, stop and return to the bottom so that it arrives simultaneously with the first ball. What must be the initial velocity of the second ball? A. 12 m/s B. 6 m/s2 C. 10 m/s D. 6 m/s Solution: Solving for the acceleration:

x a 4

v0t m s2

1 2 at 2

(0)(3s )

1 a (3s ) 2 2

2(18m)

The second ball must roll up the plane and roll back at an elapsed time the first ball roll down the plane. The time the second ball rolled up its highest point in the plane is half the time required for the first ball to reach the bottom, which is 3 secs. v v0 at
0 v0 v0 6 m s 4 m s2 3 s 2

Equilibrium and Torque 11. A load of 100 kN is hung from the middle of a rope, which is stretched between the rigid walls 30 m apart. Due to the load, the rope sags 4 m in the middle. Determine the tension on the rope. A. 165 kN B. 173 kN C. 194 kN D. 149 kN

Prepared by: Mary Christine B. Liwanag

Solution:

Fx Fy Fy

T2 cos T1 sin 2T1 sin

( T1 cos ) 0 T2 sin 100kN W 0 0

T1 T2

T1 T2 194kN
12. A beam rests on a fulcrum, 1.2 m from one end. A weight of 350 kg is suspended from this end causing the beam to balance. If the weight of 350 kg is suspended on the opposite side end of the beam, it is necessary to suspend a 1000 kg weight on the first end in order to effect an even balance. Find the length of the beam. A. 2.48 m B. 3.24 m C. 3.43 m D. 4.21 m
Solution: A 350-kg weight must be suspended at one end to balance the beam 1.2 m from the fulcrum. If another 350-kg weight is suspended at the other end, a 1350-kg (1000 kg + 350 kg) must be hung on the first end. By principle of levers:

w1l1 l1
lT lT

w2l2 4.63m

350kg (l1 ) 1350kg (1.2m)

The length of the beam is:

l1 l2 5.75m

4.63m 1.2m

Momentum and Impulse 13. A 200-kg automobile going eastward on San Marcelino street at 40 kph collides with a truck weighing 4 tons which is going southward across San Marcelino street at 5 kph. If they become coupled on collision, what is magnitude and direction of their velocity immediately after collision?

A. 2 kph

B. 5 kph

C. 10 kph

D. 17 kph

Solution: Coupled implies that the collision is inelastic. We must resolve its components. Momenta along x-axis: m1x v1x m2 x v2 x (m1 m2 )v 'x

(200kg )( 40kph) (4000kg )(0) (200kg 4000kg )v ' x v 'x 1.90kph

Momenta along y-axis: m1 y v1 y m2 y v2 y (m1 m2 )v ' y

(200kg )(0) (4000kg )( 5kph) (200kg 4000kg )v ' y v 'y


v'

4.76kph
(vx ') 2 (v y ') 2 (1.90kph) 2 ( 4.76kph) 2

v ' 5kph

Prepared by: Mary Christine B. Liwanag

14. A 10 g block slides to the right with a velocity of 20 cm/s on a smooth level surface and makes a head-on collision with a 30 g block moving in the opposite direction with a velocity of 10 cm/s. If the collision is perfectly elastic, find the corresponding velocity of each block after collision.

A. B. C. D.

Block 1 = -25 cm/s; Block 2 = 5 cm/s Block 1 = 5 cm/s; Block 2 = -25 cm/s Cannot be determined None of the above
' m1v1' m2v2

Solution:

m1v1 m2v2 (10 g ) 20


' v1' 3v2

cm s 10

(30 g )

10

cm s

' (10 g )v1' (30 g )v2

( Eqn.1)

Since the collision is perfectly elastic, the KE is conserved. 1 1 1 1 2 ' m1 v1 m2 (v2 ) 2 m1 (v1' ) 2 m2 (v2 ) 2 2 2 2 2

(10 g ) 20

cm s

(30 g ) 700

10

cm s

2 ' (10 g )(v1' ) 2 (30 g )(v2 ) 2

' (v1' ) 2 3(v2 ) 2

( Eqn.2)
cm ' ; v2 s cm s

Solving the simultaneous equations, v1'


Rotation

25

15. Compute the angular velocity in rad/sec, of the crankshaft of an automobile engine rotating at 4800 rev/min.

A. 28 800 rad/sec Solution: rev 2 rad 4800 min 1rev


Wave Motion

B. 251 rad/sec

C. 503 rad/sec

D. 0.22 rad/sec

1min 60sec s

503

rad sec

16. The wavelength of a sound wave in a certain material as measured is 18 cm. The frequency of the wave is 1900 Hz. Compute the speed of the sound wave.

A. 342 m/s Solution:


s f

B. 400 m/s

C. 542 m/s

D. 300 m/s

(18 10 2 m)(1900s 1 )

342

m s

Thermodynamics 17. Which of the following quantities are always conserved in a closed system? A. energy B. speed C. acceleration D. kinetic energy

Prepared by: Mary Christine B. Liwanag

Note: TYPE open closed isolated DESCRIPTION can exchange mass & energy with its surroundings can exchange only energy with its surroundings but not mass cannot exchange mass & energy with its surroundings EXAMPLE glass with water, tree thermometer styrofoam ice box

18. The first law of thermodynamics is concerned with the conservation of A. energy B. momentum C. charge

D. matter

19. Find the change in internal energy of a system that absorbs 500 kJ of heat and at the same time does 400 kJ of work. A. 900 kJ B. -100 kJ C. 450 kJ D. 100 kJ Solution:

U U

q W 100kJ

900kJ ( 400kJ )

Note: When using the formula

q W , the following sign convention must be used:


W (+)

SYSTEM

q (+)

syste m

q (-) W (-)

Coulombs Law 20. Suppose that two point charges, each with a charge of +1.00 Coulomb are separated by a distance of 1.00 meter. Determine the magnitude and the type of electrical force between them.

A. B. C. D.

9 x 10-9 N; attraction 9 x 10-9 N; repulsion 9 x 109 N; attraction 9 x 109 N; repulsion

Solution: By Coulombs Law, qq N m 2 ( 1.00C )( 1.00C ) F k 1 22 9 109 r C2 (1m) 2

9 109 N ; repulsion

Electric Field 21. Calculate the electric field at a field point of 2.0 m from a point charge q = 4.0 nC. A. 9 x 10-15 N/C B. 9 x 10-15 N/C C. 9 x 1018 N/C D. 9.0 N/C Solution:

Prepared by: Mary Christine B. Liwanag

E E

F q 9.0

q0 q r2 q

q0 r2

9 109

N m2 4 10 9 C C2 (2.0m) 2

N C
a magnitude of 1x10 5

22. The electric field 2cm from a certain charge has V/m. The value of electric field 1cm from the charge is A. 2.0 x 104 V/m B. 2.0 x 105 V/m C. 5 x 104 V/m Solution: The electric potential 2 cm from the charge is:

D. 4 x 105 V/m

Ed

1 105

V m

2 10 2 m

2 103V

Hence, the electric field 1 cm from the charge is:

E E

V d

2 103V 1 10 2 m V 2 105 m

Electric Potential 23. A charge of -400 pC is at the origin. A charge of +300 pC is at (20, 0), where the axes are in units of centimeters. What is the electric potential midway between the two point charges? A. 0.9V B. 9V C. -9V D. 91V Solution: Electric potential is a scalar sum.
n

V V V

k
i

qi ri 2 N m2 C2 400 10 12 C 10 2 m 300 10 12 C 10 2 m

9 109 9V

Capacitance 24. A certain capacitor having a capacitance of 12 F is charged to a potential difference of 100V. What is the charge in the capacitor? A. 1.20x 10-7C B. 12.0x10-7C C. 1.20x10-4C D. 12.0x10-4C Solution:

Q CV

12 10 6 F 100V 12 10 4 C
of 10 F and the

Q 1.2 10 3 C

25. Two uniform parallel plate capacitors have a capacitance plates are 1.0 mm apart. What is the area of the plates? A. 11.30m2 B. 113.0m2 C. 1.130m2 Solution:

D. 1130m2

Prepared by: Mary Christine B. Liwanag

A d 8.85 10
12

10 10 6 F A 1130m2

F A m 1.00 10

26. Three capacitors having capacitances of 4 F, 8 F and 8 F are connected in parallel with the positively charged plates connected together across a 12 V line. Find the total capacitance. A. 2 F B. 20 F C. 2 F D. 20 F Solution: Since the capacitors are arranged in parallel, we will simply add their capacitances:

CT CT CT

C1 C2 C3 4 F 8 F 8 F 20 F

Current, Resistance and Electromotive Force 27. What is the diameter of a conductor having a resistivity of 0.00158 -m if the given length and resistance is 1 m and 10 respectively? A. 0.00158 m B. 0.0158 m C. 0.0142 m D. 0.142 m Solution:

L A 0.00158 m 1m d2 4

10

0.0142m

28. A wire has a diameter of 0.050 in*. Its cross-sectional area in circular mils (CM) is: A. 0.020 CM B. 0.0025 CM C. 50 CM D. 2500 CM Solution: Circular mil is a unit of area commonly used to specify wire size.

0.05in

1000mils 1in
2

50mils

A d2

50mils

A 2500CM
29. Electric current in a wire is a flow of A. valence electrons B. free electrons 30. Emf in a circuit A. causes a current to flow B. maintains potential difference C. increases the circuit resistance D. none of the above

C. bound electrons

D. protons

Prepared by: Mary Christine B. Liwanag

Direct Current Circuits Consider the circuit shown:


A

R1

R3

E1

R2

E2

32. In the circuit shown, the number of nodes is A. one B. two

C. three

D. four

Solution: A node refers to any point on a circuit where two or more circuit elements meet. For two nodes to be different, their voltages must be different. In the given circuit, there are 4 nodes; A, B, C and D (the point below R2) 33. In the circuit shown, the number of junctions is A. three B. four C. two D. none of the above

Solution: A junction refers to any point where three or more circuit elements meet. In the given circuit, there are 2 junctions; B and D. 34. In the circuit shown, the number of branches is A. two B. four

C. three

D. none of the above

Solution: A branch is a portion of a circuit that contains a load, and as a result, values for current, voltage, and resistance. In the given circuit, there are 3 branches; AB, BC and BD. 35. In the circuit shown, the number of loops is A. two B. four

C. three

D. none of the above

Solution: A loop is any closed path in a circuit. In the given circuit, there are 3 loops; E1DBAE1, E2BDCE2 and E1ABCE2DE1. 36. In the circuit shown, the number of meshes is A. two B. three C. four D. five

Solution: A mesh is any loop with no loops within. In the given circuit, there are 2 meshes; E1DBAE1 and E2BDCE2. 37. An active element in a circuit A. supplies energy B. receives energy 38. A passive element in a circuit A. supplies energy B. receives energy C. both A and B D. none of the above

C. both A and B

D. none of the above

39. A dc circuit usually has __________ as the load. A. resistance B. inductance C. capacitance

D. both B and C

40. Two resistors, 3 and 6 are connected in parallel. The total resistance is A. 9 B. 4.5 C. 0.5 D. 2

Prepared by: Mary Christine B. Liwanag

10

Solution:

1 RT 1 RT RT

1 R1 1 3 2

1 R2 1 6

41. The hot resistance of a 100 W, 250-V incandescent lamp would be A. 2.5 B. 625 C. 25 Solution:

D. none of the above

V2 R (250V ) 2 R 625

100W R

Magnetism 42. Magnetic intensity is a A. scalar quantity

B. vector quantity

C. phasor

D. none of the above

43. Two similar poles, each of 1 Wb, placed 1 m apart in air will experience a repulsive force of A. 62 800 N B. 8 x 1012 N C. 62.8 x 103 N D. 4 x 107 N Solution:

m1 m 2 2

1Wb 1Wb Wb2 1.593 10 d2


5

kd

1m

62800 N
N m A

Note: Wb
Optics

44. What is the angle of refraction of light as a beam of parallel light enters a block of ice at angle of incidence of 300? The index of refraction of ice is 1.31 and that of air is 1.0. A. 450 B. 300 C. 220 D. 260 Solution:

na sin A nb sin B 1.0 sin 300 B 220 1.38 sin B

Relativity 45. The captain of a spacecraft send a pulse of light toward Earth and then exactly 1 minute later

(as measured by a clock on the spacecraft), sends a second pulse. An observer on Earth sees the second pulse arrive 4 minutes after the first. What is the velocity of the spacecraft relative to the Earth?
A. 0.987c B. 0.968c C. 0.954c D. 0.943c
11

Prepared by: Mary Christine B. Liwanag

Solution:

t 1 4 min

t0 v c
2

1min 1 v c
2

0.968c

Prepared by: Mary Christine B. Liwanag

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