4

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

VENITURILE, CHELTUIELILE I CONSUMUL POPULAIEI

VENITURILE POPULAIEI Veniturile totale ale gospodriilor Veniturile totale ale gospodriilor, grupate dup numrul persoanelor din componen, n anul 2008 Veniturile totale ale gospodriilor, pe decile, n anul 2008 Distribuia gospodriilor i persoanelor din gospodrii, pe decile, n anul 2008 Salariile medii brute, realizate pe principalele activiti ale economiei naionale la nivel de seciune CAEN, n luna octombrie 2008 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Structura salariailor, pe grupe de salarii brute, realizate n luna octombrie Indicii ctigului salarial real Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe activiti ale economiei naionale la nivel de seciune CAEN Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe activiti ale economiei naionale la nivel de seciune CAEN i pe sexe 4.10 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe forme de proprietate, clase de mrime ale ntreprinderilor i pe sexe 4.11 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe forme de proprietate, clase de mrime ale ntreprinderilor i pe sexe 4.12 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe activiti ale economiei naionale la nivel de seciune CAEN - total salariai 4.13 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut i net lunar, pe activiti ale economiei naionale la nivel de seciune CAEN i pe sexe 4.14 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe activiti ale industriei la nivel de diviziune CAEN i pe sexe 4.15 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe activiti ale industriei la nivel de diviziune CAEN 4.16 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe activiti ale industriei la nivel de diviziune CAEN 4.17 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe activiti ale industriei la nivel de diviziune CAEN i pe sexe 4.18 Indicii trimestriali ai costului orar al forei de munc 4.19 Indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc, pe activiti economice 4.20 Indicatori structurali din statisticile ctigurilor salariale i costului forei de munc 4.21 Costul mediu lunar i costul mediu orar al forei de munc, pe activiti ale economiei naionale la nivel de seciune CAEN, n anul 2008 4.22 Costul mediu lunar i costul mediu orar al forei de munc, pe activiti ale industriei la nivel de diviziune CAEN, n anul 2008 CHELTUIELILE I CONSUMUL POPULAIEI 4.23 Cheltuielile totale ale gospodriilor 4.24 Cheltuielile totale ale gospodriilor, grupate dup numrul persoanelor din componen, n anul 2008 4.25 Cheltuielile totale ale gospodriilor, pe decile, n anul 2008 4.26 Structura cheltuielilor totale de consum ale gospodriilor 4.27 Structura cheltuielilor bneti de consum ale gospodriilor 4.28 Consumul mediu anual, la principalele produse alimentare i buturi, pe locuitor 4.29 Consumul alimentar mediu zilnic, exprimat n calorii i factori nutritivi, pe locuitor 4.30 nzestrarea populaiei cu bunuri de folosin ndelungat 4.31 nzestrarea gospodriilor cu bunuri de folosin ndelungat Teritorial 4.32 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut i net lunar, pe macroregiuni, regiuni de dezvoltare, judee i pe sexe, n anul 2008 4.33 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe macroregiuni, regiuni de dezvoltare, judee i pe activiti ale economiei naionale la nivel de seciune CAEN, n anul 2008 - total salariai 4.34 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe macroregiuni, regiuni de dezvoltare, judee i pe activiti ale economiei naionale la nivel de seciune CAEN, n anul 2008 - total salariai 4.35 Veniturile totale ale principalelor categorii de gospodrii, pe macroregiuni i regiuni de dezvoltare, n anul 2008 4.36 Cheltuielile totale ale principalelor categorii de gospodrii, pe macroregiuni i regiuni de dezvoltare, n anul 2008

SURSA DATELOR

DATA SOURCE

Cercetri statistice: Cercetarea statistic a bugetelor de familie; Cercetarea statistic privind costul forei de munc, n unitile economico-sociale (conform Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 530/1999 privind statisticile structurii ctigurilor salariale i costului forei de munc); Cercetarea statistic lunar asupra ctigurilor salariale, n unitile economico-sociale (conform Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 1165/1998 privind statisticile pe termen scurt); Cercetarea statistic a salariilor pe ocupaii, n luna octombrie, n unitile economico-sociale; Alte cercetri statistice asupra produciei industriale i agricole; Legislaia n vigoare la 1 ianuarie a anului pentru care se calculeaz indicatorul. Surse administrative: Direcia Poliiei Rutiere din cadrul Inspectoratului General al Poliiei Romne, pentru datele privind autovehiculele nscrise n circulaie; Statistica vamal; Evidenele societilor de telefonie; Compania Naional Pota Romn.

Statistical surveys: Family budgets survey; Labour cost survey, in socio- economic units (according to Regulation (EC) no 530/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs); Monthly survey on earnings, in socio- economic units (according to Regulation (EC) no 1165/1998 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning short-term statistics); Survey on salaries by occupation, in October, in socio-economic units; Other surveys on industrial and agriculture production; The national legislation in force on January 1st of the year for which the structural indicator is computed. Administrative sources: Road Police Directorate within General Inspectorate of Romanian Police, for data regarding registered motor vehicles; Customs statistics; Phone company records; National Company Romanian Post.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE VENITURILE POPULAIEI

Cercetarea statistic a bugetelor de familie permite colectarea informaiilor privind componena gospodriilor, veniturile, cheltuielile i consumul acestora i alte aspecte ale nivelului de trai al populaiei. Ancheta este organizat ca o cercetare trimestrial continu pe o perioad de 3 luni consecutive, pe un eantion de 9360 locuine permanente, repartizate n subeantioane lunare independente de cte 3120 locuine permanente. Cercetarea s-a desfurat n 780 centre de cercetare repartizate n toate judeele rii i n sectoarele municipiului Bucureti (427 n mediul urban i 353 n mediul rural). Includerea unei gospodrii ntr-o anumit categorie socioeconomic s-a realizat pe baza statutului ocupaional principal al capului gospodriei. n categoria Agricultori s-au inclus gospodriile de lucrtori pe cont propriu n agricultur i membrii asociaiilor agricole. n cadrul gospodriilor de Pensionari s-au inclus i pensionarii agricoli. Gruparea gospodriilor pe decile de venit s-a efectuat pe baza venitului total pe o persoan, deflatat cu indicele preurilor de consum al populaiei cu baz ianuarie 2008. Decilele mpart seria gospodriilor ordonate cresctor dup nivelul venitului mediu lunar pe o persoan n 10 pri egale (grupe decilice). Cercetarea statistic privind costul forei de munc: caracteristicile cercetrii sunt prezentate n capitolul nr. 3 Piaa forei de munc (pagina 112). Cercetarea statistic lunar asupra ctigurilor salariale asigur producerea informaiilor necesare pentru evaluarea tendinelor pe termen scurt ale ctigurilor salariale medii i ale numrului de salariai la nivel de activiti ale economiei naionale. Cercetarea se realizeaz cu periodicitate lunar, fiind cercetate circa 23500 ntreprinderi i uniti locale cu 4 salariai i peste. Rezultatele acestei cercetri sunt utilizate pentru calculul indicilor trimestriali ai costului orar al forei de munc. Cercetarea statistic asupra salariilor pe ocupaii n luna octombrie este o cercetare statistic anual care are ca obiectiv asigurarea informaiilor privind numrul de salariai pe grupe de salarii de baz i realizate, pe grupe majore de ocupaii, salariul mediu brut de baz i realizat, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe sexe, n luna octombrie. Se realizeaz pe un eantion de circa 22500 de operatori economici i sociali. Datele anuale privind indicatorii: numrul salariailor care au lucrat cel puin 23 zile i salariul mediu brut realizat, aferente anului 2008 pentru CAEN Rev. 1 au fost estimate pe baza matricilor de conversie a activitilor economice. La baza construirii matricilor de conversie au stat datele colectate conform ambelor versiuni de CAEN, prin cercetarea statistic anual asupra salariilor pe ocupaii n luna octombrie 2008. Structura veniturilor pe surse de provenien este determinat de caracterul eterogen al gospodriilor, n funcie de statutul ocupaional al membrilor acestora. n anul 2008, componena gospodriilor pe categorii de gospodrii, dup statutul ocupaional al membrilor gospodriei se prezint astfel:

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES POPULATION INCOME

Family budgets survey allows to collect information on households composition, income, expenditure and consumption and other aspects of population living standard. The survey is organized as a quarterly continuous survey for a period of 3 successive months, on a sample of 9360 permanent dwellings, distributed in monthly independent sub-samples of 3120 permanent dwellings. The survey has been carried out in 780 survey centers distributed in all counties of the country and in Bucharest Municipality sectors (427 in urban area and 353 in rural area). A household was included in a certain socio-economic category based on the main occupational status of the household reference person. The category Farmers includes households of self-employed in agriculture and members of agricultural associations. The households of Pensioners also include agricultural pensioners. Households were grouped by income deciles based on total income per person, deflated by population consumer price index with January 2008 as base. The deciles divide the household series structured ascending according to the level of monthly average income per person into 10 equal parts (decile groups). Labour cost survey: the characteristics of the survey are presented in chapter no. 3 Labour market (page 112). Monthly survey on earnings ensures the necessary information for evaluating the average earnings short-term trends and number of employees at level of activities of the national economy. The survey is monthly carried out by observing approximately 23500 enterprises and local units with 4 employees and over. The results of this survey are used when computing the quarterly indices of hourly labour cost. Survey on salaries by occupation in October is a yearly statistical survey having as objective to ensure the information about the number of employees by basic and obtained salary group, by major occupation group, basic and obtained average gross salary, by activity of national economy and by sex, in October. It is carried out on a sample of approximately 22500 economic and social operators. The annual data regarding: the number of employees who worked at least 23 days and the average gross salary obtained for year 2008 CANE Rev. 1 were estimated based on conversion matrices of economic activities. Building up the conversion matrices relies on data collected according to CANE both versions, by the annually survey on salaries by occupation, in October, 2008. Income structure by origin source is determined by the heterogeneous character of households, depending on the occupational status of their members . In 2008, the composition of households by household category, by occupational status of household members is presented as follows:

numr mediu de persoane / gospodrie / average number of persons / household

Statutul ocupaional al membrilor gospodriei Total persoane Persoane active Salariai Patroni i lucrtori pe cont propriu n activiti neagricole 1) Agricultori omeri Persoane inactive Pensionari Elevi i studeni Casnice Alte persoane

Total gospodrii Total households 2,914 1,291 0,879 0,126 0,199 0,087 1,623 0,677 0,492 0,162 0,292

din care, gospodrii de: / of which, households of: Salariai Employees 3,189 1,906 1,749 0,037 0,056 0,064 1,283 0,137 0,691 0,167 0,288 Agricultori Farmers 3,361 1,715 0,181 0,123 1,389 0,022 1,646 0,089 0,645 0,158 0,754 omeri Unemployed 3,415 1,845 0,463 0,131 0,028 1,223 1,570 0,108 0,755 0,306 0,401 Pensionari Pensioners 2,459 0,560 0,350 0,056 0,103 0,051 1,899 1,412 0,213 0,108 0,166 Occupational status of household members Total persons Economically active persons Employees Employers and self-employed in non-agricultural activities 1) Farmers Unemployed Non-economically active persons Pensioners Pupils and students Housewives Other persons

1)

Inclusiv membrii cooperativelor neagricole. / Including members of non-agricultural holdings.

Veniturile totale cuprind: veniturile bneti pe surse de provenien (salarii, venituri din activiti pe cont propriu, vnzri, ajutoare de omaj, pensii, alocaii pentru copii, burse i alte prestaii de protecie social, venituri din proprieti etc.); contravaloarea prestaiilor (mrfuri i servicii) gratuite sau cu reducere de pre, evaluat la preul de vnzare al unitii ofertante; contravaloarea consumului de produse alimentare i nealimentare din resurse proprii (producie, stoc etc.), determinat pe baza preurilor medii lunare ale produselor respective. Ctigul salarial nominal brut cuprinde: salariile, respectiv drepturile n bani i n natur cuvenite salariailor pentru munca efectiv prestat (inclusiv pentru timpul lucrat suplimentar), potrivit formei de salarizare aplicat, sporurile i indemnizaiile acordate ca procentaj din salariu sau n sume fixe, alte adaosuri la salarii potrivit legii, sumele pltite pentru timpul nelucrat (indemnizaiile pentru concediile de odihn i de studii, zile de srbtoare i alte zile libere, sumele pltite din fondul de salarii pentru concediile medicale), premiile, primele de vacan i alte sume pltite din fondul de salarii potrivit prevederilor legislaiei n vigoare sau contractelor colective de munc; sumele pltite din profitul net i din alte fonduri (inclusiv contravaloarea tichetelor de mas). Ctigul salarial nominal net se calculeaz scznd din sumele brute aferente ctigului salarial nominal brut urmtoarele elemente: impozitul aferent; contribuia salariailor la bugetul asigurrilor pentru omaj; contribuia individual de asigurri sociale de stat; contribuia salariailor pentru asigurrile sociale de sntate. Indicele ctigului salarial real se calculeaz ca raport ntre indicele ctigului salarial nominal mediu net i indicele general al preurilor de consum al populaiei, exprimat procentual.

Total income include: money income by origin sources (salaries, income from own account activities, sales, unemployment benefits, pensions, children allowances, scholarships and other allowances of social protection, income from properties a.s.o.); equivalent value of free or lower cost provisions (sales and services), estimated at selling price of offerer; equivalent value of consumption of food and non-food products from own resources (production, stock a.s.o.), determined based on monthly average prices of respective products. The gross nominal earnings includes: salaries, in cash and in kind for employees actually done work (including for supplementary worked time), according to the salary type applied, bonuses and indemnities granted as salary percentage or as fixed amounts, other bonuses according to the law, amounts paid for unworked time (indemnities for holiday and study leaves, holidays and other free days, amounts paid from salary funds for medical leaves), premiums, holiday bonuses and other amounts paid from salary funds according to the legislation provisions in force or to employment collective contracts;

amounts paid from net profit and other funds (including equivalent value of lunch tickets). The net nominal earnings is calculated by subtracting from gross sums related to gross nominal earning the following elements: afferent tax; employees contribution to unemployment insurance budget; individual contribution to state social insurance; employees contribution to health insurance. The real earnings index is calculated as a ratio between the average net nominal earnings index and the population general consumer price index, expressed as percentage.

Costul forei de munc reprezint totalitatea cheltuielilor suportate de angajator pentru fora de munc i anume: sume brute pltite direct salariailor (cheltuieli directe): salarii, sume pltite pentru timpul nelucrat, premii i alte stimulente, drepturi n natur pltite din fondul de salarii sau din alte fonduri, sume pentru protecia social din fondul de salarii i din contribuia de asigurri sociale; alte cheltuieli ale unitii cu fora de munc (cheltuieli indirecte) pentru formarea profesional, contribuii pentru ajutorul de omaj i asigurri sociale, servicii pentru protecie social, alte cheltuieli. Costul mediu lunar al forei de munc pe un salariat s-a calculat prin raportarea cheltuielilor unitii pentru fora de munc la numrul mediu al salariailor i numrul de luni ale anului. Costul mediu orar al forei de munc s-a calculat prin raportarea cheltuielilor unitii pentru fora de munc la numrul de ore-om pltite. Indicele trimestrial al costului forei de munc este un indicator pe termen scurt care permite evaluarea tendinelor costurilor orare suportate de angajator cu fora de munc salariat. Metodologia utilizat i seriile de date sunt construite n conformitate cu prevederile Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 450/2003 privind indicii costului forei de munc. Indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc se calculeaz ca indici de tip Laspeyres, pentru costul total cu fora de munc i cele dou componente ale acestuia: cheltuieli directe (salariale) i cheltuieli indirecte (non-salariale), cu anul de referin 2000 pentru activitile economice definite conform CAEN Rev.1, respectiv cu anul de referin 2008 pentru activitile economice definite conform CAEN Rev.2. Indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc sunt calculai ca indici provizorii pentru anul (N), urmnd a fi recalculai ca definitivi n anul (N+1), cnd devin disponibile datele (date definitive) din ancheta anual asupra costului forei de munc. Sursa datelor: Calculul indicilor trimestriali ai costului orar al forei de munc se realizeaz pe baza informaiilor obinute din dou surse de date statistice: - Cercetarea statistic lunar asupra ctigurilor salariale (conform Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 1165/1998 i nr.1158/2005 privind statisticile pe termen scurt) - Cercetarea statistic anual asupra costului forei de munc (conform Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr.530/1999 privind statisticile structurii ctigurilor salariale i costului forei de munc). Datele pentru perioada 2000-2008 au fost estimate conform noii Clasificri a Activitilor din Economia Naional (CAEN Rev.2), armonizat cu clasificarea european n domeniu (NACE Rev.2). Metoda de estimare aplicat se bazeaz pe matricea de conversie a activitilor economice definite conform CAEN Rev.1, n activitile economice definite conform CAEN Rev.2. La baza construirii matricei de conversie au stat datele colectate conform ambelor versiuni de CAEN, prin

The labour cost represents all the expenditure supported by the employer for the labour force, namely: gross amounts directly paid to employees (direct expenditure): salaries, amounts paid for unworked time, premiums and other incentives, rights in kind paid from salary funds or from other funds, amounts for social protection from salary funds and from social insurance contribution; other expenditure of the unit with labour force (indirect expenditure) for vocational training, contributions to unemployment benefit and social insurance, social protection services, other expenditure. Monthly average labour cost per employee is calculated as the ratio between the units expenditure for labour force and the average number of employees and number of months during one year. Average hourly labour cost is calculated as the ratio between the units expenditure for labour force and the number of hours-man paid. The quarterly labour cost index is a short-term indicator showing the assessment of hourly labour costs trends incurred by the employers as result of engaging the labour work force. The methodology used and data series built up are in accordance with the Regulation (EC) no 450/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the labour cost index. The quarterly labour cost indices are calculated as Laspeyres type indices for total labour cost and its main components: wages and salaries and other labour costs (non-wage costs),with reference year 2000 for economic activities according to CANE Rev.1, respectively with reference year 2008 for economic activities according to CANE Rev.2. The quarterly labour cost indices are calculated as provisional indices for year (N) and recalculated as final during year (N+1), when the data (final data) from the annual survey on labour costs become available. Data source: Quarterly labour cost indices are calculated based on the information obtained from two statistical data sources: - Monthly statistical survey on earnings (according to the Regulation of European Council and Parliament no. 1165/1998 and no. 1158/2005 regarding statistics of earnings and labour cost structure). - Yearly statistical survey on labour cost (according to the Regulation of European Council and Parliament no. 530/1999 regarding statistics of earnings and labour cost structure). Data for 2000-2008 period were estimated according to the new Classification of Activities in the National Economy (CANE Rev.2),compliant with the European classification in this field (NACE Rev.2). The estimation method applied relies on the conversion matrix of economic activities defined according to CANE Rev. 1 in economic activities defined according to CANE Rev.2. Conversion matrix was built based on data collected according to both CANE versions, by means of monthly statistical survey on

cercetarea statistic lunar asupra ctigurilor salariale, n cursul anului 2008, respectiv prin cercetarea statistic anual asupra costului forei de munc, pentru anul 2007. Costul total cu fora de munc reprezint totalitatea cheltuielilor directe i indirecte suportate de angajator cu fora de munc salariat. Conform metodologiei europene, se exclud cheltuielile suportate de angajator cu formarea profesional a angajailor, recrutarea personalului i echipamentul de protecie. Cheltuielile directe cu fora de munc includ sumele brute pltite din fondul de salarii pentru timpul lucrat (inclusiv premii), pentru timpul nelucrat, drepturile n natur ca remunerare a muncii (potrivit prevederilor din contractele colective de munc), sumele brute pltite salariailor (ca stimulente) din profitul net realizat de unitate, sumele brute pltite din alte fonduri (inclusiv drepturi n natur) acordate conform legislaiei n vigoare. Cheltuielile indirecte cu fora de munc includ contribuiile angajatorului la fondurile de asigurri i protecie social (omaj, sntate etc.), sumele brute pltite salariailor care prsesc unitatea (ieire la pensie, transfer, detaare etc.), sumele brute pltite pentru ntreruperi ale lucrului neimputabile salariailor, alte cheltuieli cu fora de munc. Costul mediu orar al fortei de munc reprezint raportul dintre cheltuielile angajatorului cu fora de munc i timpul efectiv lucrat. Timpul efectiv lucrat cuprinde numrul total de ore lucrate n program normal de lucru i numrul de ore lucrate suplimentar (n zilele lucrtoare, peste programul normal de lucru i n zilele de repaus sptmnal, srbtori legale i alte zile nelucrtoare). Sfera de acoperire: ncepnd cu anul 2008, indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc se calculeaz pentru activitile economice definite, conform Clasificrii Activitilor din Economia Naional (CAEN Rev.2), armonizat cu clasificarea european n domeniu (NACE Rev.2). Pe lng seria indicilor trimestriali ai costului forei de munc n form brut (neajustat) se calculeaz i seriile n form: a) ajustat dup efectul zilelor lucrtoare; b) ajustat dup efectul zilelor lucrtoare i sezonier, eliminndu-se efectul variaiei numrului de zile lucrtoare de la un trimestru la altul, precum i efectul variaiei sezoniere. Ajustarea s-a realizat prin metoda regresiv, n conformitate cu recomandrile Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 450/2003 privind indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc. Pentru ajustare s-a folosit pachetul de programe DEMETRA (metoda TRAMO/SEATS), care realizeaz estimarea efectului numrului de zile lucrtoare diferit de la un trimestru la altul i efectul calendarului (Patele ortodox, an bisect i alte srbtori naionale) precum i identificarea i corectarea valorilor extreme (schimbri ocazionale de nivel, tranzitorii sau permanente). Seria ajustat dup numrul de zile lucrtoare s-a obinut prin eliminarea acestor efecte din seria brut, cu ajutorul unor coeficieni de corecie, stabilii n funcie de modelul de regresie utilizat (aditiv sau multiplicativ).

earnings, during 2008, respectively by means of yearly statistical survey on labour cost for 2007. Total labour cost represent the total expenditure direct remuneration and other expenditure incurred by the employer as result of engaging the labour work force. According to European methodology, vocational training costs, recruitment costs and expenditure on working clothes are excluded. Wage and salary costs include gross payments as direct remuneration for hours worked (including bonuses), payment for days not worked, payments in kind (according to collective agreements), gross payment from net profit of the unit, gross payments from other funds (including in kind) according to national legislation in force.

Other labour costs (non-wage costs) include the employers social contributions (for unemployment, health etc.), gross payment for employees leaving the unit (retirement, transfer, detachment etc.), gross payments for work breaks not-imputed to the employees, other labour costs. Average hourly labour cost represents the ratio between the employers costs as result of employing the labour work force and the number of hours actually worked. Number of hours actually worked includes the total number of hours worked during the usual working time and the over time (additional to the normal working hours, during the weekends, holidays etc.). Coverage: Starting with 2008, quarterly labour cost indices are calculated for economic activities defined, according to the Classification of Activities in the National Economy (CANE Rev. 2), harmonized with European classification in the field NACE (Rev.2). Besides quarterly indices series of unadjusted labour cost, the following series are calculated: a) adjusted by working days effect; b) adjusted by working days and seasonal effect, being eliminated the effect of working days variation from one quarter to another, as well as effect of seasonal variation. Adjustment was done by regressive method, according to the recommendations of European Parliament and Council Regulation no. 450/2003 regarding quarterly indices of labour cost. For adjustment, the DEMETRA software package was used (TRAMO/SEATS method) estimating the effect of working days number different from one quarter to another and calendar effect (orthodox Easter, leap year and other national holidays) as well as identification and correction of extreme values (level occasional changes, transitory or permanent). Adjusted series by working days number was obtained by eliminating these effects from the adjusted series, by means of some correction coefficients, set up according to the regression model used (additive or multiplicative).

Ajustarea s-a realizat prin metoda indirect, respectiv prin aplicarea metodei de ajustare la nivelurile inferioare (asupra componentelor indicilor), indicii ajustai calculndu-se din componentele ajustate. Estimarea componentelor neobservate: trend-ciclu, sezonalitate i componenta neregulat se realizeaz de ctre programul SEATS pe baza modelelor ARIMA. Seriile ajustate sezonier s-au obinut prin eliminarea componentei sezoniere din seria ajustat dup efectul zilelor lucrtoare. Stabilirea modelelor de regresie folosite pentru fiecare serie se face anual i implic recalcularea seriilor ajustate calculate n anul precedent (recalculare datorat modificrii modelelor adoptate, numrului de regresori folosit i numrului de observaii disponibile). Disparitatea salarial de gen - n form neajustat, reprezint ponderea diferenei dintre ctigul salarial mediu brut realizat de brbai i cel realizat de femei n ctigul salarial brut realizat de brbai. Urmtorii indicatori structurali (sarcina fiscal asupra costului forei de munc, capcana omajului, capcana salariului mic, sarcina fiscal asupra ctigului disponibil) se calculeaz conform metodologiei Eurostat i OECD pentru o unitate etalon (notat n continuare cu AW) reprezentat de salariatul cu program complet de lucru din activitile de industrie, construcii i servicii comerciale (seciunile C - K, conform CAEN Rev.1, respectiv seciunile B - N, conform CAEN Rev.2 ncepnd cu anul de referin 2008). Sarcina fiscal asupra costului forei de munc reprezint proporia tuturor reinerilor (contribuii sociale i impozit) suportate de angajat i de angajator n totalul costului forei de munc pentru un AW care realizeaz 67% din ctigul mediu brut al activitilor de industrie, construcii i servicii comerciale. Capcana omajului - permite evaluarea consecinelor financiare n cazul transferului din omaj n cmpul muncii ca AW care realizeaz 67% din ctigul mediu brut al activitilor de industrie, construcii i servicii comerciale. Indicatorul msoar proporia sumelor reinute din ctigul brut ca efect al impozitrii i plii contribuiilor de asigurri i protecie social i sistarea indemnizaiei de omaj i a altor beneficii sociale, n condiiile n care o persoan iese din omaj i intr n cmpul muncii. Indicatorul reprezint ponderea diferenei dintre ctigul brut i creterea venitului net (cnd iese din omaj i intr n cmpul muncii) n ctigul brut. Capcana salariului mic - permite evaluarea consecinelor financiare n cazul n care o persoan salariat i mrete efortul de munc depus i implicit, nivelul salariului ctigat, adic, msoar proporia sumelor reinute din ctigul brut ca efect al impozitrii, plii contribuiilor de asigurri, protecie social i orice alte reduceri sau sistri ale beneficiilor sociale, n condiiile n care are loc o cretere a ctigului brut. Indicatorul reprezint ponderea diferenei dintre creterea ctigului brut i cea a venitului net (creteri determinate de mrirea efortului de munc) n creterea ctigului brut.

Adjustment was done by indirect method, respectively applying the adjustment method at lower levels (over indices components), adjusted indices being calculated from adjusted components. Estimation of unobserved components trend-cycle, seasonality and irregular component is carried out by SEATS software based on ARIMA models. Seasonal adjusted series were obtained by eliminating seasonal components from adjusted series by working days effect. Regression models used for each series are yearly set up and involve recalculation of adjusted series calculated in the previous year (recalculation due to the change of adopted models, number of regression used and number of available observations). Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, express the difference between mens and womens average gross earnings as a percentage of mens average gross earnings. The following structural indicators (tax wedge on labour cost, unemployment trap, low wage trap, tax rate on disposable earnings) are calculated - according to the Eurostat and OECD methodology - for an average worker (noted further on as AW) who is a full-time employee working in activities of industry, construction and commercial services (sections C K of CANE Rev.1, respectively sections B - N according to CANE Rev.2 since reference year 2008). Tax wedge on labour cost - is defined as share of total tax rates and social security contributions payable by the employee and employer in the gross labour costs for an AW who earns 67% of the average gross earnings of the activities on industry, construction and commercial services. Unemployment trap measures the financial consequences of an AW, earning 67% of the average gross earnings of the activities on industry, construction and commercial services, who moves from unemployment to employment. Unemployment trap measures what percentage of gross earnings is taxed away by higher tax and social security contributions, and also the withdrawal of unemployment and other benefits. Unemployment trap express a report between the gross earnings and the growing of net incomes (when the employee moves from unemployment to employment). Low wage trap measures the financial consequences for a person or a family when the employed person increases his/her work effort which leads only to little or even no increase in take home income.

It measures which part (percentage) of the additional gross earnings is taken away through the combined effects of income taxes, social security contributions, and any withdrawal of benefits.

Indicatorul se calculeaz pentru dou cazuri particulare: persoan necstorit, fr copii, n ipoteza n care, de la un nivel al ctigului de 33% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al unui AW ar atinge un nivel al ctigului de 67% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al unui AW; cuplu cstorit, cu doi copii, din care un singur printe lucreaz, n ipoteza n care, de la un nivel al ctigului de 33% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al unui AW ar atinge un nivel al ctigului de 67% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al unui AW. Sarcina fiscal asupra ctigului disponibil - exprim cota corespunztoare tuturor reinerilor (contribuii sociale individuale i impozit) aplicate ctigurilor brute formate din ctiguri salariale i sume transferate de stat sub form de alocaii acordate familiei. n determinarea indicatorului se iau n calcul ctigurile brute i nete pentru 13 cazuri particulare care in cont de starea civil, numrul ctigtorilor de salarii (din familie) i numrul de copii n ntreinere: persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz 67% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz 100% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz 167% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz 50% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz 80% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz 125% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; persoan necstorit, cu 2 copii, care realizeaz 67% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; cuplu cstorit, cu 2 copii, un singur printe lucreaz i realizeaz 100% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; cuplu cstorit, cu 2 copii, ambii prini lucreaz, unul realizeaz 100%, iar cellalt 33% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; cuplu cstorit, cu 2 copii, ambii prini lucreaz, fiecare realizeaz 100% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; cuplu cstorit, cu 2 copii, ambii prini lucreaz, unul realizeaz 100%, iar cellalt 67% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; cuplu cstorit, fr copii, ambii soi lucreaz, unul realizeaz 100%, iar cellalt 33% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; cuplu cstorit, fr copii, ambii soi lucreaz, fiecare realizeaz 100% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW. Indicatorul se calculeaz ca diferen ntre 100% i raportul dintre ctigul disponibil i ctigul salarial mediu brut pentru fiecare din cele 13 cazuri particulare. Ctigul disponibil se calculeaz ca sum a ctigului salarial mediu net i sumelor transferate de stat sub form de alocaii acordate familiei (conform legislaiei naionale: alocaia de stat pentru copii, alocaia familial complementar, alocaia de susinere pentru familia monoparental).

Low wage trap is computed for two cases: single person without children moving from 33% to 67% of the average earnings of an AW;

one-earner couple with two children moving from 33% to 67% of the average earnings of an AW.

Tax rate on disposable earnings (net earnings) is defined as share of total tax rates and individual social security contributions applied to gross earnings that contains the gross earnings and cash transfers from the government as family allowances. For determining the indicator the gross and net earnings are taken into account for 13 different family situations. Differences exist with respect to marital status, number of workers (in the family) and number of dependent children: single person without children, earning 67% of the average gross earnings of AW; single person without children, earning 100% of the average gross earnings of AW; single person without children, earning 167% of the average gross earnings of AW; single person without children, earning 50% of the average gross earnings of AW; single person without children, earning 80% of the average gross earnings of AW; single person without children, earning 125% of the average gross earnings of AW; single person with 2 children, earning 67% of the average gross earnings of AW; married couple with 2 children, only one parent is working and earns 100% of the average gross earnings of AW; married couple with 2 children, both parents are working, one earns 100% and the other earns 33% of the average gross earnings of AW; married couple with 2 children, both parents are working and earn100% of the average gross earnings of AW; married couple with 2 children, both parents are working, one earns 100% and the other earns 67% of the average gross earnings of AW; married couple with no children, both parents are working, one earns 100% and the other earns 33% of the average gross earnings of AW; married couple with no children, both persons are working and earn 100% of the average gross earnings of AW. The indicator is calculated as a difference from 100% and the report between the disposable earnings (take-home pay) and gross earnings for each of the 13 family situations. The disposable earnings (take-home pay) is calculated as a sum of the net earnings and cash transfers from the government as family allowances (according to national legislation: state allowance for children, supplementary family allowance, sustaining allowance for single parent family).

CHELTUIELILE I CONSUMUL POPULAIEI

Cheltuielile totale cuprind: cheltuielile bneti, indiferent de destinaie (consum, impozite i pli obligatorii, cumprri de animale i psri, imobile i terenuri, alte cheltuieli de investiii etc.), inclusiv contravaloarea prestaiilor (mrfuri i servicii) gratuite sau cu reducere de pre, evaluat la preul de vnzare al unitii ofertante; contravaloarea consumului de produse alimentare i nealimentare din resurse proprii (producie, stoc etc.) determinat pe baza preurilor medii lunare ale produselor respective. Cheltuielile totale de consum cuprind: cheltuielile bneti pentru cumprarea produselor alimentare consumate, a mrfurilor nealimentare i pentru plata serviciilor, inclusiv contravaloarea prestaiilor (mrfuri i servicii) gratuite sau cu reducere de pre; contravaloarea consumului de produse alimentare i nealimentare din resurse proprii. Consumul mediu anual de produse alimentare pe locuitor, exprimat n uniti fizice, reprezint cantitile de produse alimentare consumate n medie pe locuitor, n anul de referin, indiferent de forma sub care se consum (natural sau prelucrat), de sursa de aprovizionare (magazine alimentare, piaa liber, consumul din resurse proprii etc.), sau de locul unde se consum (gospodrii individuale, restaurante, cantine, gospodrii instituionale etc.). Consumul mediu anual de buturi, pe locuitor reprezint cantitile de astfel de produse, consumate n medie, pe locuitor, n anul de referin, indiferent de sursa de aprovizionare (magazine alimentare, piaa liber i producia proprie a productorilor agricoli numai pentru consumul de vin) i de locul unde se consum (gospodriile individuale ale populaiei, restaurante, cantine etc.). Att consumul de produse alimentare ct i consumul de buturi se calculeaz ca disponibil de consum (producie + import - export - prelucrare industrial - pierderi - variaie de stocuri) raportat la populaia total de la 1 iulie, anul de referin. Consumul alimentar mediu zilnic, exprimat n calorii i factori nutritivi, pe locuitor reprezint coninutul n calorii i factori nutritivi al consumului alimentar mediu zilnic i se determin pe baza datelor privind consumul mediu net zilnic (exclusiv partea necomestibil a unui produs alimentar care se ndeprteaz att n timpul prelucrrii industriale sau culinare ct i n momentul consumului efectiv) i a compoziiei alimentelor, exprimat n calorii i factori nutritivi (proteine, lipide i glucide). nzestrarea gospodriilor cu bunuri de folosin ndelungat, se exprim prin numrul de bunuri de folosin ndelungat n stare de funcionare care revin n medie la 100 de gospodrii (exclusiv bunurile nchiriate sau mprumutate de la alte persoane sau instituii).

POPULATION EXPENDITURE AND CONSUMPTION

Total expenditure include: money expenditure, irrespective of their destination (consumption, taxes and compulsory payments, purchases of animals and poultry, real estate and lands, other investment expenditure a.s.o.), including equivalent value of free or at lower prices provisions (goods and services), evaluated at selling price of offering unit; equivalent value of consumption of food and non-food products from own resources (production, stock a.s.o.), determined based on monthly average prices of respective products. Total consumption expenditure include: money expenditure for buying consumed food products, non-food goods and for payment of services, including equivalent value of free or at lower prices provisions (goods and services); equivalent value of food and non-food products consumption from own resources. Yearly average consumption of food products per inhabitant expressed in physical units, represents the quantities of food products consumed in average per capita in the reference year regardless the consumption type (natural or processed), the supply source (food stores, free market, consumption from own resources a.s.o.) or the consumption place (individual households, restaurants, canteens, institutionalised households a.s.o.). Yearly average consumption of beverages, per inhabitant represents quantities of such products, consumed as average, per inhabitant in the reference year no matter of supply source (food stores, free market and own production of agricultural producers only for wine consumption) and of consumption place (population individual households, restaurants, conteens a.s.o.). Both food products consumption and beverages consumption are calculated as available for consumption (production + import - export - industrial processing - losses - change in stocks) related to total population on July 1, reference year. Daily average food consumption expressed in calories and nutrients, per inhabitant represents the content in calories and nutrients of daily average food consumption and is determined based on data regarding daily net average consumption (excluding non-edible part of a food product being removed both-during industrial processing or cooking as well as in the moment of effective consumption) and food composition expressed in calories and nutrients (proteins, fats and carbohydrates). Households endowment with durable goods, is expressed by the number of durable goods in function, as average per 100 households (excluding goods rented or borrowed from other persons or institutions).

4.G1

STRUCTURA VENITURILOR BNETI STRUCTURE OF MONEY INCOME

2003 5,5% 4,8% 2008

25,7%

26,0%

3,4% 5,6% 59,8%

3,5% 3,0% 62,7%

Salarii brute i alte drepturi salariale Gross salaries and other salary rights Venituri din agricultur Income from agriculture

Venituri din activiti neagricole independente Income from non-agricultural independent activities Venituri din prestaii sociale Income from social provisions Alte venituri Other income

4.G2
4500 4000 3500 3000 2500

CTIGUL SALARIAL MEDIU BRUT, PE ACTIVITI ALE ECONOMIEI NAIONALE LA NIVEL DE SECIUNE CAEN, N ANUL 2008 AVERAGE GROSS EARNINGS, BY ACTIVITY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AT LEVEL OF CANE SECTION, IN 2008
lei/salariat / lei/employee

CAEN Rev.2 / CANE Rev.2 4384

3269 2890 2388 1964 1582 1563 1205 1400 1024 1721 1104 2106 1702 1611 1040

2000 1761 1500 1000 500 0 Total 1

4
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 7 - Informaii i comunicaii Information and communication 8 - Intermedieri financiare i asigurri Financial intermediations and insurance 9 - Tranzacii imobiliare Real estate activities 10 - Activiti profesionale, tiinifice i tehnice Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 11 - Activiti de servicii administrative i activiti de servicii suport Activities of administrative services and of support services 12 - Administraie public i aprare; asigurri sociale din sistemul public Public administration and defence; social insurance of public sector 13 - nvmnt Education 14 - Sntate i asisten social Health and social assistance 15 - Activiti de spectacole, culturale i recreative Shows, culture and recreation activities 16 - Alte activiti de servicii Other service activities

1 - Agricultur, silvicultur i pescuit Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2 - Industrie1) Industry 1) 3 - Construcii Construction 4 - Comer cu ridicata i cu amnuntul; repararea autovehiculelor i motocicletelor Wholesale and retail; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 5 - Transport i depozitare Transport and storage 6 - Hoteluri i restaurante Hotels and restaurants
1)

Inclusiv producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat i distribuia apei; salubritate, gestionarea deeurilor, activiti de decontaminare. / Including electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply and water supply; sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities.

4.G3
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

CTIGUL SALARIAL NOMINAL MEDIU BRUT I NET LUNAR, PE SEXE AVERAGE GROSS AND NET NOMINAL MONTHLY EARNINGS, BY SEX
lei/salariat / lei/employee

1814

1700

1468 1222 1037 886 743 643 549 891 796 1062 922 689 803 1312 1095 981 1348 1264

BRUT GROSS 2004

NET

BRUT GROSS 2005

NET

BRUT GROSS 2006 Brbai Male

NET

BRUT GROSS 2007

NET

BRUT GROSS 2008

NET

Femei Female

4.G4

STRUCTURA CHELTUIELILOR TOTALE DE CONSUM, N ANUL 2008 STRUCTURE OF TOTAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, IN 2008
Total gospodrii / Total households

24,2% Salariai / Employees 31,5% 27,0% 40,3% 32,7% 25,2% 61,4% 44,3% Agricultori / Farmers 13,4%

4
Pensionari / Pensioners 22,6% 50,2% 46,7% 30,7%

omeri / Unemployed

23,2%

26,6%

Cheltuieli pentru produse alimentare / Expenditure for food products Cheltuieli pentru mrfuri nealimentare / Expenditure for non-food goods Cheltuieli pentru plata serviciilor / Expenditure for payment of services

4.G5

STRUCTURA CHELTUIELILOR TOTALE ALE GOSPODRIILOR STRUCTURE OF TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS EXPENDITURE

2003 3,4% 11,9% 15,8%
3,4%

2008

10,6%

7,4%

1,6%

2,1%

72,5%

71,3%

Cheltuieli de consum Consumption expenditure Cheltuieli pentru investiii Expenditure for investment

Cheltuieli de producie Production expenditure Impozite, contribuii, cotizaii, taxe Taxes, contributions, dues, fees Alte cheltuieli Other expenditure

4.G6
4000 3750 3500 3250 3000 2750 2500 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0

EVOLUIA CONSUMULUI ALIMENTAR MEDIU ZILNIC, EXPRIMAT N CALORII, PE LOCUITOR EVOLUTION OF DAILY AVERAGE FOOD CONSUMPTION, EXPRESSED IN CALORIES, PER INHABITANT
calorii / calories

3233

3350

3385

3455

3290

3292

1927

2007

1992

1999

1905

1866

866 440

880 463

928 465

985 471

927 458

968 458

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Calorii - total Calories - total Glucide (n echiv. calorii) Carbohydrates (in equiv. calories)

Lipide (n echiv. calorii) Fats (in equiv. calories) Proteine (n echiv. calorii) Proteins (in equiv. calories)

Not: Conform nomenclatorului Eurostat i FAO. / Note: According to the Eurostat and FAO nomenclature.