6l01l088l0l $l8l0l 0ll$l08

1

ML1nCD S1A1LMLN1 ICk nIGn-S1kAIN DNAMIC 1LS1ING

1.0 DLSCkI1ICN

Plgh-sLraln dynamlc LesLlng ls performed by obLalnlng and analyzlng records of shafL force and
veloclLy under drop welghL lmpacLs for evaluaLlons of shafL load carrylng capaclLy, sLrucLural
lnLegrlLy, and load-movemenL and shafL-soll load Lransfer relaLlonshlps. uescrlpLlons of Lhls
LesLlng meLhod are lncluded ln SecLlon 433, SubsecLlon 3.14 of Lhe llorlda ueparLmenL of
1ransporLaLlon's speclflcaLlons for sLrucLures foundaLlons. 1esLlng of drllled and casL-ln-place
shafLs closely resembles LesLlng of drlven plles durlng resLrlke. 1he followlng are
speclflcaLlons and lnsLrucLlons for hlgh-sLraln dynamlc LesLlng of drllled and casL-ln-place
foundaLlon shafLs.

1hls work shall conslsL of furnlshlng all maLerlals, equlpmenL and labor necessary for
conducLlng hlgh-sLraln dynamlc LesLs on drllled and casL-ln-place shafLs. Plgh-sLraln dynamlc
LesLlng ls a non-desLrucLlve qulck LesL and lL ls lnLended LhaL Lhe LesL shafL be lefL ln a
condlLlon sulLable for use ln producLlon. 1esLlng procedures shall conform Lo Lhe AS1M u
4943-00 speclflcaLlon unless as oLherwlse noLed below.

2.0 LUIMLN1

Slerra CeoLechnlcal Servlces ulvlslon shall supply all maLerlals and equlpmenL requlred Lo
prepare Lhe LesL shafL, dynamlcally load Lhe shafL, and reLurn Lhe shafL Lo a condlLlon sulLable
for use ln Lhe flnlshed sLrucLure. LqulpmenL requlred Lo perform Lhe LesL lncludes buL ls noL
llmlLed Lo:

1) lf a permanenL caslng ls noL used as a feaLure Lo consLrucL Lhe shafL, Lhen a shafL Lop
exLenslon, conslsLlng of a Lhln walled caslng or equlvalenL, shall be used Lo exLend Lhe
shafL by lengLh equal Lo one plle dlameLers. 1hls Lop lengLh, deflned as Lhe LesL area"
musL be exposed and readlly accesslble by Lhe LesLlng Lnglneer aL Lhls Llme of Lhe LesL. lf
Lhe shafL Lop ls below grade, Lhen Lhe ConLracLor musL have equlpmenL avallable Lo
remove surroundlng soll (creaLlng a safe worklng envlronmenL) so as Lo compleLely expose
a LesL area of Lhe shafL as descrlbed above. Wlndows on posslbly Lwo opposlLe sldes of
Lhe shafL may have Lo be prepared Lo reach sound concreLe.

2) Means Lo lnsure flaL, level, (axlal Lo shafL) and solld concreLe shafL Lop. ConcreLe should
be level wlLh, or above Lhe caslng.

3) A drop welghL (7.80 Lon)ln Lhe range of one Lo Lwo percenL (1 - 2) of Lhe anLlclpaLed plle
capaclLy, or as deLermlned by Lhe uA Lnglneer.

4) A gulde allowlng varlable drop helghLs Lyplcally beLween 1 1/2 and 7 fL (0.3 Lo 2 m), or as
deLermlned by Lhe uA Lnglneer.


6l01l088l0l $l8l0l 0ll$l08
2

3) A shafL Lop cushlon conslsLlng of new sheeLs of plywood wlLh LoLal Lhlckness beLween 1 Lo
2 lnches (23 Lo 30 mm), or as deLermlned by Lhe uA Lnglneer.

6) A sLeel sLrlker plaLe wlLh a Lhlckness of aL leasL x lnches (12 mm) and an area beLween 23
Lo 90 of shafL Lop area buL noL less Lhan Lhe area of Lhe lmpacLlng surface of Lhe drop
welghL Lo be placed on Lop of Lhe plywood cushlon.



7) Surveyors' LranslL, laser llghL, or equlvalenL for measuremenLs of plle seL under each
lmpacL.




3.0 DNAMIC 1LS1ING IIkM

We sLarLed ln 2001 wlLh commlLmenL Lo lnLroduce lnnovaLlve and effecLlve Lechnology Lo Lhe
deep foundaLlon lndusLry ln Srl Lanka. 1he company ls Lechnlcally supporLed by lle uynamlc
lnc, uSA who are ploneers ln developlng deep quallLy assurance equlpmenLs. We provlde our
servlces ln uA/l1/CPA LesLlng and WLA/CAWA analysls Lhrough well experlenced
quallfled (loundaLlon Ca) rofesslonals.

1esLlng ls Lo be performed by an lndependenL LesLlng speclallsL from a Slerra CeoLechnlcal
Servlces ulvlslon wlLh a mlnlmum of flve (3) years experlence ln dynamlc shafL load LesLlng.
1he acLual LesL shall be conducLed and/or supervlsed by a rofesslonal Lnglneer wlLh Len (10)
years of dynamlc LesLlng or who has achleved 8aslc Level or beLLer on Lhe loundaLlon Ca
LxamlnaLlon for rovlders of uA 1esLlng Servlces.

1he followlng LesLlng lnsLrumenLs wlll be supplled by Slerra CeoLechnlcal Servlces ulvlslon ln
addlLlon Lo LhaL ouLllned ln AS1M speclflcaLlon u 4943-00 SecLlon 3:

1) lle urlvlng Analyzer (uA) manufacLured by lle uynamlcs, lnc., model Ak or AL.

2) 1wo callbraLed sLraln Lransducers.

3) 1wo callbraLed acceleromeLers.

rlor Lo performlng Lhe dynamlc LesL, Lhe LesLlng Lnglneer musL be provlded wlLh soll borlngs,
shafL lnsLallaLlon records, concreLe properLles (sLrengLh, eLc.) and deLalls regardlng Lhe
anLlclpaLed dynamlc loadlng equlpmenL. 1he LesL Lnglneer ls requlred Lo perform wave
equaLlon analyses (uslng C8LWLA or equlvalenL) Lo deLermlne Lhe sulLablllLy of Lhe proposed
dynamlc loadlng equlpmenL and an accepLable range of ram drop helghLs so as noL Lo cause
damage ln Lhe shafL durlng Lhe LesL.

6l01l088l0l $l8l0l 0ll$l08
3



4.0 kCCLDUkL

4.1

1) 1he LesL shafL shall be consLrucLed uslng Lhe approved lnsLallaLlon Lechnlques.

2) lf a permanenL caslng ls noL requlred, Lhen Lhe upper lengLh equal Lo Lwo shafL dlameLers,
noLed as Lhe "LesL area", musL be cased ln a Lhln wall Lube or equlvalenL as noLed above.
Caslng of Lhls LesL area musL be made as a conLlnuaLlon of Lhe consLrucLlon of Lhe shafL.
1here should noL be soll conLamlnaLlon or non-unlformlLles ln Lhe concreLe locaLed wlLhln
or below Lhe LesL area. ShafL Lop shall be made level Lo Lhe caslng and smooLhed.

3) rlor Lo LesLlng Llme, Lhe ConLracLor shall make Lhe shafL LesL area lengLh compleLely
accesslble Lo Lhe LesLlng Lnglneer.

4.2


1) ln cases where caslng ls noL presenL, Lhe sensor aLLachmenL area shall smooLh (by
grlndlng) such LhaL proper gage aLLachmenL can be accompllshed.

2) Cages shall be aLLached by Lhe LesLlng Lnglneer Lo Lhe exposed concreLe or sLeel caslng ln
a secure manner as Lo prevenL sllppage under lmpacL.

3) ShafL Lop should be examlned Lo lnsure concreLe ls flush wlLh or above Lhe caslng.

4) Apply plywood cushlon and Lhen sLrlker plaLe Lo Lhe shafL Lop. lf relnforclng proLrudes
from Lhe shafL Lop, Lhen Lhe sLeel beam or plpe (used Lo Lransfer Lhe lmpacL Lo Lhe shafL
Lop) should be secured ln such a manner as noL Lo move under lmpacL.

3) AL leasL Lwo (2) hammer lmpacLs should be applled Lo Lhe plle Lop. llrsL drop helghL
should be mlnlmal Lo allow Lhe LesLlng Lnglneer Lo assess Lhe LesLlng equlpmenL, Lhe
drlvlng sysLem and plle sLresses. SubsequenL lmpacLs can Lhen be applled by uLlllzlng
hlgher drop helghLs.
6) lle Lop seLLlemenL wlll be measured separaLely by a LheodollLe flxed on flrm ground and
wlLh a graph sheeL aLLached Lo Lhe plle bullL-up secLlon.







6l01l088l0l $l8l0l 0ll$l08
4

S.0 kLCk1ING CI kLSUL1S

WlLhln seven worklng days reporLs wlll be submlLLed Lo Lhe consulLanL. ln addlLlon Lo Lhe fleld
resulLs, resulLs from aL leasL one (1) CAWA analysls (CAse lle Wave Analysls rogram) shall
be submlLLed. CAWA analyses shall be performed by an englneer LhaL has achleved
Advanced Level or beLLer on Lhe loundaLlon Ca LxamlnaLlon for rovlders of uA 1esLlng
Servlces. 1he reporL musL also provlde Lhe followlng:

1) Wave LquaLlon analysls resulLs obLalned prlor Lo LesLlng.

2) CAWA analysls resulLs.

3) lor each lmpacL Lhe maxlmum measured force, maxlmum calculaLed Lenslon force,
Lransferred energy Lo Lhe gage locaLlon, correspondlng sLresses, and Lhe Case MeLhod
bearlng capaclLy.

4) AssessmenL of Lhe LesL resulLs boLh wlLh respecL Lo plle capaclLy and lnLegrlLy.




























6l01l088l0l $l8l0l 0ll$l08
5

High Strain Dynamic Testing (PDA) Arrangement
PDA
7.80 ton drop hammer
min 1.0-1.5D
Accelerometers and
Strain Transducers
D
Pile Cushin
Ex ground level or excavated level
well compacted
Ex ground level level
well compacted

Guide Frame













6l01l088l0l $l8l0l 0ll$l08
6

(PDA) Setup Plan View

1250
1
2
5
0
D
3000
3
0
0
0


















6l01l088l0l $l8l0l 0ll$l08
7


SPECIFICATION AND METHOD STATEMENT FOR PILE INTEGRITY
TESTING USING PIT

1. General Remarks

Pile Integrity Testing (PIT) is a Non-Destructive integrity test method for foundation piles. It is
a Low Strain Method (since it requires the impact of only a small hand-held hammer). The
evaluation of PIT records is conducted either according to the Pulse-Echo (or Sonic Echo a
time domain analysis) or the Transient Response (frequency domain analysis) Procedure.

2. Description of Method

Low Strain integrity testing may be applied to any concreted pile (e.g. concrete piles, drilled
shafts, augercast piles, concrete filled pipe piles). The test requires the impact of a small hand
held hammer on the shaft top and the measurement of the shaft top motion (acceleration or
velocity). The input compression wave from the hammer is reflected from pile toe (or a defect)
and returns to the pile top at a time related to the speed of travel of the wave in the pile
material. The pile top velocity is displayed as a function of time with an exponentially
increasing magnitude where high soil friction forces are present, such that the pile toe reflection
is enhanced. Several records with consistent signals should be averaged. The averaged,
amplified velocity is the standard result of the Pulse Echo Method. The force as a function of
time may also be depicted, if available, which provides additional information as to the pile
quality near the pile top. The Transient Response Method result shows the ratio of velocity to
force transforms for all relevant frequencies. This curve is called Mobility. It should be shown
together with the related low frequency pile stiffness. These Transient Response results are
only available if hammer force was measured.

3. Test Equipment

The test should be performed using digital data acquisition equipment. The signal conditioning
and power supply must have very high signal-to-noise ratios since the reflected signals for long
piles (and/or piles in high friction soils) are often very weak. The analog to digital resolution
shall be at least 16 bits, and the sampling frequency at least 40,000 Hz. Data should be stored
such that additional processing or further wave analysis is possible. The data must be displayed
in the field for evaluations of preliminary data quality and interpretation.

4. Test Personnel

The field testing shall be performed by an experienced engineer with at least one year
experience in integrity testing. The interpretation of the records, however, requires extensive
experience by a graduated engineer with at least three years experience in integrity testing.






6l01l088l0l $l8l0l 0ll$l08
8

5. Test Preparation

For cast in place piles, integrity testing shall not be performed until the concrete has cured for a
minimum of seven (7)days unless otherwise approved by the engineer. The pile head shall be
free from water, dirt or other debris. The concrete at the pile top surface must be relatively
smooth with sufficient space for both attachment of the motion sensing device and hammer
impact area. 100% of all piles shall be integrity tested. The location of piles for designated for
integrity testing shall be specified by the engineer (after, prior to) pile installation. If less than
100% of piles are initially tested, additional piles may be selected for testing at the discretion of
the engineer if circumstances either during or after pile installation should make a piles'
integrity suspect, or if the initial tests reveal major defects.

6. Result Presentation

The testing engineer shall present a report within five working days after performing the field
test to provide the final test results and integrity evaluation. For each pile tested, the averaged,
amplified velocity versus time record shall be included in the report, with a table summarizing
results and conclusions. Additional plots and analyses can be included as required or suggested
by the testing engineer.

7. Acceptance and Rejection

Shafts with no significant reflections from locations above the pile toe and with a clear pile toe
reflection may be accepted. Where no clear toe reflection is apparent, the experienced test
engineer shall state to which shaft depth the test appears to be conclusive. Where reflections
from locations with significant reductions above the pile toe are observed, the pile has a serious
defect. If the record is complex, the results may be deemed inconclusive. Construction records
(concrete usage, grout pressure records, soil borings) may be valuable in result interpretations
or additional numerical analysis modeling may be used to quantify the record. The decision to
reject and replace, or repair, any defective shaft is at the sole responsibility of the engineer-of-
record for the foundation.

8. Remedial Action

Rejected or questionable piles may be replaced. Questionable piles may also be subjected to
further testing, e.g., static load testing, dynamic load testing, core drilling, ultra-sonic logging,
etc. Remedial action may include pressure grouting through core holes. If the pile top appears
questionable, further pile top cut-off and retesting may be advisable. If a majority of piles
diagnose as "inconclusive", partial or even complete pile excavation or another test method
may be necessary for pile acceptance.