INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GANDHINGAR MEASUREMENT OF GEARS

METROLOGY LAB

NAME: ANIL CHEJARA ROLL NO: 9003022 GROUP: 5

Table of Content: 1. Objective________________________________________________________________________3 2. Equipment______________________________________________________________________ 3 3. Theory _________________________________________________________________________3 4. Procedure_______________________________________________________________________5 5.Observation______________________________________________________________________5 5. Calculations______________________________________________________________________5 6. Conclusion_______________________________________________________________________6 7. Comment________________________________________________________________________6

SIGNATURE Prof. N. RAMAKRISHNAN IIT GANDHINAGAR

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OBJECTIVE: To measure various parameters of a spur gear. APPRATUS: 1. Gear Tooth Vernier Caliper: it has a horizontal and vertical scale. It can set one scale as reference and measure the variation in other or vice versa.

2. Flange Micrometer: Such micrometers are somewhat different from the conventional micrometer in practice. They have the flanges attached to the position which grabs any profile for measurement

THEORY: A gear is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque. Two or more gears working in tandem are called a transmission and can produce a mechanical advantage through a gear ratio and thus may be considered a simple machine. Geared devices can change the speed, torque, and direction of a power source. The most common situation is for a gear to mesh with another gear; however a gear can also mesh a non-rotating toothed part, called a rack, thereby producing translation instead of rotation. Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the simplest type of gear. They consist of a cylinder or disk with the teeth projecting radially, and although they are not straight-sided in form, the edge of each tooth is straight and aligned parallel to the axis of rotation. These gears can be meshed together correctly only if they are fitted to parallel shafts.

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The involute gear profile is the commonly used system for gearing today. In an involute gear, the profiles of the teeth are involutes of a circle. The involute of a circle is the spiraling curve traced by the end of an imaginary taut string unwinding itself from that stationary circle called the base circle. The various errors that occur during manufacturing are: 1. 2. 3. 4. Profile error of teeth. Error in tooth thickness. Error in circular pitch. Eccentricity between axis of rotation and pitch circle diameter etc.

GEAR TERMINOLOGY:

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PROCEDURE: Using a Vernier Caliper, measure the outer diameter of given spur gear and count the number of teeth in the given gear Calculate the module value (m) by formula stated in observation using outer diameter and number of teeth. Calculate the tooth thickness value by using the formula stated for tooth thickness. Set the horizontal scale reading value of gear tooth Vernier caliper equal to the tooth thickness calculated in step 3, fix this value and then record the vertical scale reading when the jaw exactly fits into the tooth. Repeat above Step for several teeth of gear and record the values. Keep one of the jaw position at the bottom of the first side of tooth 1 and the other jaw at the top of the second side of tooth 3 so that and record the measurement. It should remain constant as the caliper is rotated to go to achieve the other diagonal position. Repeat step 6 for several teeth of gear and record the values.

OBSERVATION: Number of teeth = 33 Outer diameter of gear = 105.6mm Module = . = 3.02mm Tooth thickness =
= 2

4.7mm

Pitch circle diameter = 99.02mm Theoretical value for involutes measurement: + 2 + (For s=2) = 14.78 (For s=3) = 24.69 Pressure angle = 20 = .35 rad S= no. of teeth involved in measurement = 2

CALCULATIONS: MEASUREMENT OF MODULE Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Experimental Module (mm) 2.96 3.08 2.68 3.1 3.14 3.04 2.98 Error (microns) -60 60 -340 80 120 20 -40

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MEASUREMENT OF INVOLUTE PROFILE Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Tooth Pair 1-2-3 5-6-7 12-13-14 16-17-18 26-27-28 3-4 9-10 20-21 1st side 24.96 24.82 23.8 24.67 23.59 14.91 15.41 14.92 Gear Thickness (mm) 2nd side 25.28 24.14 24.4 24.14 24.7 15.18 15.11 15.2 Error (mm) Average 25.12 24.48 24.1 24.405 24.145 15.045 15.26 15.06 -0.43 0.21 0.59 0.285 0.545 -0.265 -0.48 -0.28

CONCLUSION: 1. Gears have dimensional errors in manufacturing because of using the milling machine which is not very accurate. 2. Gears with higher accuracy should be manufactured using CNC. 3. Its very hard to produce a perfect involute gears but a little variation are acceptable in practical purposes.

COMMENTS: 1. Human error is possible while reading the verniers. 2. Using Gear teeth Vernier caliper it is easy to measure tooth parameter. 3. For smaller gears its very difficult to measure the accurate dimensions using this method.

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