2009 AUC Math Competition Short Round Questions 1. Let A, B and C be digits, and assume A 0.

. If AA + BB + CC = ABC, what are A, B and C? 2. If 2 chickens lay 3 eggs in 4 days, how many days are needed for 3 chickens to lay 12 eggs? 3. Suppose that the following 3x3 grid represents city blocks, with the lines indicating streets. Supposing you can only move down or to the right, how many different ways can you go from point A to point B?
A

4. If the 13th day of a month happens to be on Friday, then that day is considered to be unlucky. Does every standard year (365 days) have at least one month that has a Friday the 13th? (Your answer must include your method.) 5. In a group of 6 people, what is the probability that they are all born in different months? (Assume that each person has equal likelihood of being born in any given month. Your answer need not be completely simplified.) 6. In the following figure, four quarter circles are tangent at the center of the square. Assuming the square has side length 1, what is the area of the shaded region?

Solutions. 1. Note that AA + BB + CC = ABC as digits can be rewritten as 10A + A + 10B + B + 10C + C = 100A + 10B + C. Collecting like terms yields B + 10C = 89A. Since B and C are digits, B + 10C is between 0 and 99, which implies 89A is between 0 and 99 as well. Hence A = 1. In the first column, adding A, B and C gives the digit C in the ones place, which means that A + B must add to 10. Thus B = 9. This implies C = 8. 2. Lets first find the number of days it takes one chicken to lay one egg. According to the given information, one chicken lays 3/2 eggs in 4 days, so one chicken lays 1 egg in (2/3)(4) = 8/3 days. Hence, 3 chickens lay 3 eggs in 8/3 days, and thus lay 12 eggs in 4(8/3) = 32/3 days. 3. 20. Observe that for a 2x2 square and 1x3 rectangle, there are 6 and 4 paths respectively.

Thus in a 2x3 grid, going in each of the indicated directions goes to a 2x2 or 3x1 grid, hence there are 6+4 possibilities.

Finally, in the full 3x3 grid, going in each of the indicated directions leads to a 3x2 or 2x3 grid, which from above has 10 possibilities. So there are a total of 10+10 = 20 possibilities.

4. Suppose that the 13th of a given month is on the nth the day of the week (n = 1 is Sunday, , n = 7 is Saturday). If that month has 31 days, then the 13th of the following month is on the n + 31 (mod 7) = n + 3 (mod 7) day of the week, and if that month has 30 days, the 13th is on the n + 2 (mod 7) day of the week.

Assuming that the 13th of January is on Sunday (n = 1), we get the following data about the 13th for each month Jan 13: Feb 13: Mar 13: Apr 13: May 13: Jun 13: n=1 n=4 n=4 n=7 n=2 n=5 Jul 13: Aug 13: Sep 13: Oct 13: Nov 13: Dec 13: n=7 n=3 n=6 n=1 n=4 n=6

Thus, every day of the week appears at least once, and this fact doesnt change were we to choose a different value of n for January 13. Thus there is at least one (and at most 3) Friday the 13th in a standard year. 5. Suppose we have only two people. Once we know the birth month of the first person, the probability that the second person is born in the same month is 1/12, so there is an 11/12 probability that they are born in different months. Now add a third person. The probability that the third person is not born in the two birth months of the previous two is 10/12, and hence the probability that the three people are all born in separate months is (11/12)x(10/12) . Repeating this pattern for all six people, we get the probability that they are all born in separate months is (11x10x9x8x7)/125 .2228, or 22.28%. 6. The radius of each quarter circle is 2/2, hence the area of each quarter circle is (1/4) (2/2)2 = /8. Now, notice that there are 2 gray regions and 1 white region in a quarter circle. Hence if the area of a single gray region is G and the area of a single white region is W, then 2G + W = /8. Moreover, we know that 4G + 4W = 1. Solving this system of equations yields W = 1/2 /8 and G = /8 1/4. Thus the area of all four gray regions is /2 1.