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A New Miniaturized E-shaped Printed Monopole Antenna for UWB Applications

Jawad K. Ali and Ahmad S. Hussain Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract In this paper, a compact UWB printed monopole antenna design is proposed. The
monopole antenna has the form of an E-shaped structure printed on a substrate with relative dielectric constant of 3.38, and thickness of 1.52 mm. The matching through the UWB response is satised using a reduced ground plane. The proposed antenna is fed by a 50 unsymmetrical microstrip line. The ground plane is printed beneath the microstrip line. Modeling and performance evaluation of the proposed antenna have been carried out using the commercially available electromagnetic simulator, IE3D from Zeland Software Inc. A parametric study is performed to show the eects of the dierent antenna parameters on the overall antenna performance. The performance of the antenna is mainly aected by geometrical and electrical parameters, such as the width and length of the branches of the E-shape structure, feed gap as well as the ground plane. Simulation results show that the proposed antenna possesses an operating bandwidth, for return loss 10 dB, extending from approximately 2.93 GHz to about 14 GHz which covers the entire UWB band of 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. 1. INTRODUCTION

The need of exchanging huge quantity of information at high transfer rates, in modern communication systems, tends toward the UWB systems. Multimedia contents as video data or high resolution ranging, are critical in hostile environment, such as underground communication for mines; hence, security issues and economic context leads to high demand of low-cost and reliable UWB systems for underground communication [1, 2]. The application of the E-shaped structure in patch antenna design has been rst presented in [3]; in an attempt to overcome the narrow band and the large size of the conventional microstrip patch antennas. Since then, this structure had attracted antenna designers in their eorts to produce antennas with reduced size and broadband performance for dierent applications. The conventional E-shaped patch antenna has been used to design wideband antennas [46]. Various E-shaped patch antennas with tapered, corrugated, and trapezoidal slots have been reported in the literature [810]. Many variants of the E-shaped patch structure have been proposed to produce reduced size and wide band antennas [912]. Patch antennas with half E-shaped and folded E-shaped structures have been also reported [11, 12, 1517]. Moreover, the E-shaped structures have been used together with other slot structures to produce antennas with enhanced bandwidths [1719]. For dual band antenna applications, E-shaped patch structures have been successfully veried as reported in [19, 20]. The E-shaped slot structure has been applied to build a complementary part of an ultrawideband (UWB) antenna to produce the 5 GHz/6 GHz band-notch [21]. In [22], two printed wide-slot antennas constituting of both E-shaped patch and E-shaped slot with rounded corners and fed by CPW and microstrip line have been presented. The resulting antennas have been found to possess fractional bandwidths of about 146%. In this paper, an E-shaped printed monopole antenna has been presented as a candidate for use ultrawideband applications. The inuence of the antenna parameters on the ultrawideband resonating behavior has been investigated.
2. THE ANTENNA DESIGN

The geometry of the proposed E-shaped printed antenna structure is shown in Figure 1. The E-shaped radiating element has been printed on the upper side of a dielectric substrate, while a nite size ground plane is in the lower side, as shown in Figure 1(a). For design convenience, the proposed antenna is fed by a 50 microstrip line printed on the radiator side of the substrate. The E-shaped structure is supposed to be printed on a substrate with relative dielectric constant of 3.38, and thickness of 1.52 mm. Figure 1(b) shows the antenna layout with respect to coordinate system. An initial design has been obtained to meet the ultrawideband bandwidth requirements. The resulting antenna structure has the following parameters; the E-shape length LE = 12.9 mm,

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(a)

(b)

Figure 1: (a) The proposed E-shaped printed monopole antenna structure, and (b) its layout with respect to the coordinate system.

(a)

(b)

(c)
Figure 2: The resulting E-shaped printed monopole antenna return loss responses corresponding to the variation of (a) the feed line position, (b) the size of the ground plane, and (c) the space width S.

and its width WE = 13.9 mm. The size of the ground plane has been found to be of LG = 25 mm and WG = 8.9 mm. The feed line width is of about 3 mm, and its position, FP, is located at about 7 mm from right edge of the ground plane. The space width between the E-shaped structure and the ground plane is of about 1 mm. This antenna, with the depicted parameters, has been used as a reference in the parametric study later conducted. The E-shaped printed monopole antenna structure, depicted in Figure 1, has been modelled using the commercially available method of moments based EM simulator, IE3D, from Zeland Software Inc. [23].
3. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

Besides the E-shaped structure external dimensions, the inuence of the various antenna parameters on the ultrawideband resonant behaviour have been observed. It has been found that the dominant parameters that have clear impact on the overall antenna performance are the unsymmetrical feed position, FP, the width of the space between the E-shaped radiator and the ground plane, S, and the size of the ground plane. Many antenna structures have been modelled to demonstrate the eects of these parameters on the resulting ultrawideband response. Figure 2 depicts the resulting return loss responses corresponding to variations of the related antenna parameters. The previously

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Figure 3: Simulated current distributions on the reference antenna at 3, 5, 6, 10, and 12 GHz.

Figure 4: Simulated 3D total eld radiation patterns of the reference antenna at 3, 6, and 10 GHz.

depicted antenna dimensions are used as a reference in this parametric study. Figure 2(a) shows the eect of the feed position on the resonant behaviour of the antenna, when all other parameters are kept constant. The change of the feed line location around the reference position makes the proposed antenna tending to have a dual-band response, for lower values of the feed position with respect to the right edge of the ground plane. Results of the variation of the size of the ground plane, as Figure 2(b) implies, show that the ultrawideband response deteriorates for ground plane lengths other than the reference value. However, dual-band responses are obtained with increased or decreased higher resonating bands. The eect of the space width, S, has been demonstrated in Figure 2(c). For larger values of the space width, the antenna oers a dual-band resonant behavior, and the ultrawideband resonance occurs as the space width is made smaller and approaches that of the reference antenna. In addition, Figure 3 illustrates the electric current distributions on the surface of the reference antenna at frequencies of 3, 5, 6, 10, and 12 GHz. The contributions of the dierent antenna parameters on the related resonances are quite clear. In mobile applications, 3D radiation patterns are of greater interest than the 2D radiation patterns [24]. Figure 4 shows the simulated 3D radiation patterns for the total elds at 3, 6, and 10 GHz. The corresponding calculated average gains are 0.68, 2.47, and 2.76 dBi respectively. The radiation performance is almost stable across the operating bandwidth.
4. CONCLUSIONS

An E-shaped printed monopole antenna is presented in this paper, as a candidate for use for ultrawideband applications. The antenna has been modeled and its performance has been analyzed using a method of moment based software, IE3D. The proposed antenna has been found to possess a miniaturized size and a bandwidth making it suitable for compact size ultrawideband applications. The inuence of the dierent antenna parameters on the ultrawideband resonant behavior has been demonstrated, providing the antenna designer with more degrees of freedom.
REFERENCES

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