10

Statically Indeterminate Beams

Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

The problems for Section 10.3 are to be solved by integrating the differential equations of the deflection curve. All beams have constant flexural rigidity EI. When drawing shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, be sure to label all critical ordinates, including maximum and minimum values. Problem 10.3-1 A propped cantilever beam AB of length L is loaded by a counterclockwise moment M0 acting at support B (see figure). Beginning with the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), obtain the reactions, shear forces, bending moments, slopes, and deflections of the beam. Construct the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, labeling all critical ordinates. Solution 10.3-1 M0 Propped cantilever beam
B.C.

y A MA RA L B

M0 x

RB

applied load

Select MA as the redundant reaction. REACTIONS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) RA MA L M0 L (1) RB RA (2)

EIv
B.C. B.C.

2 3

MA x L 6 v(0) v(L)

v(0)
3

0 Lx 2 0 0
2

C1 M0 x 6L C2 MA

0
3

C2

(5)

0 M0 2

REACTIONS (SEE EQS. 1 AND 2) BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) M RAx MA MA (x L L) M0 x L MA (3) M0 2 RA 3M0 2L RB 3M0 2L

SHEAR FORCE (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EIv EIv M MA (x L L) M0 x L M0 x2 2L C1 (4) V RA 3 M0 2L

MA x2 L 2

L x

BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQ. 3) M M0 (3x 2L L)

(Continued)

633

634

CHAPTER 10

Statically Indeterminate Beams

SLOPE (FROM EQ. 4) M0 x v (2L 3x) 4 LEI DEFLECTION (FROM EQ. 5) M0 x2 v (L x) 4 LEI

SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING-MOMENT DIAGRAMS

3M0 2L V O Mo

L 3 Mo 2 y q x MB RA L RB

Problem 10.3-2 A fixed-end beam AB of length L supports a uniform load of intensity q (see figure). Beginning with the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), obtain the reactions, shear forces, bending moments, slopes, and deflections of the beam. Construct the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, labeling all critical ordinates. Solution 10.3-2 Fixed-end beam (uniform load) REACTIONS RA RB qL 2

MA

Select MA as the redundant reaction. REACTIONS (FROM SYMMETRY AND EQUILIBRIUM) RA RB qL 2 MB MA

MA

MB

qL2 12

SHEAR FORCE (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) V x2 ) (1) BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQ. 1) M x2 ) SLOPE (FROM EQ. 2) C1 (2) v qx (L2 12 EI 3Lx 2x2 ) q 2 (L 12 6 Lx 6x2 ) RA qx q (L 2 2x)

BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) M RAx MA qx2 2 MA q (L x 2

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EIv EIv

B.C.

M MAx

MA

1 v(0) MAx2 2 2 v(0) 3 v(L)

q L x2 2 2

q (L x 2

EIv
B.C. B.C.

0 0

q L x3 2 6 C2

C1

x3 3 0

MA

0 qL2 12

x4 12

C2

(3)

DEFLECTION (FROM EQ. 3) v qx2 (L 24 EI

max

x) 2 qL4 384 EI

L 2

SECTION 10.3

Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

635

SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING-MOMENT DIAGRAMS

qL2 24 qL 2 V O qL 2 qL2 12 x0 M O x0 = 3 3 L 6 = 0.2113L qL2 12

Problem 10.3-3 A cantilever beam AB of length L has a fixed support at A and a roller support at B (see figure). The support at B is moved downward through a distance B. Using the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), determine the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve. (Note: Express all results in terms of the imposed displacement B.)

y x A MA RA L B RB
B

Solution 10.3-3

Cantilever beam with imposed displacement

REACTIONS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) RA RB (1) MA RB L (2)

SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 4) V 3 EI L3

B

RA

V(0)

3 EI L3

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EIv EIv EIv EIv EIv

B.C.

V C1 M C1x C2 C1x2 2 C2x C3 C1x 3 6 C2x 2 2 C3x + C4 0 0 0

B

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

REACTIONS (EQS. 1 AND 2) RA RB 3 EI L3

B

MA

RBL

3 EI L2

DEFLECTION (FROM EQ. 7): v 2L

2 Bx 3

v(0) B.C. 2 v(0) B.C. 3 v(L) B.C. 4 v(L)

C4

0 (8) (9)

C3 0 C1L C2 0 C1L 3C2

(3L

x)

6EI

L2

SLOPE (FROM EQ. 6): v 3 Bx (2L 2 L3 x)

SOLVE EQUATIONS (8) AND (9): C1 3 EI L3

B

C2

3 EI L2

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CHAPTER 10

Statically Indeterminate Beams

Problem 10.3-4 A cantilever beam AB of length L has a fixed support at A and a spring support at B (see figure). The spring behaves in a linearly elastic manner with stiffness k. If a uniform load of intensity q acts on the beam, what is the downward displacement B of end B of the beam? (Use the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve, that is, the bending-moment equation.)

y q x

MA RA

A k

RB L

Solution 10.3-4 q

Beam with spring support EIv (1) (2) (3) EIv RA RA x2 2 MAx qx3 6 C1 C2

intensity of uniform load qL qL 2

B
2

EQUILIBRIUM RA MA SPRING RB
B

RB RB L

downward displacement of point B.

x3 x2 qx4 MA C1x 6 2 24 B.C. 1 v(0) C1 0 0 B.C. 2 v(0) 0 C2 0 B.C. 3 v(L) B EI

B

BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) M RAx MA qx2 2

RA L3 6 q L4 8

MAL2 2

qL4 24

Substitute RA and MA from Eqs. (1) and (2): EI

B

RB L3 3

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EIv M RAx MA qx 2

2

Substitute for RB from Eq. (3) and solve:

B

3 qL4 24 EI 8 kL3
y q0

Problem 10.3-5 A propped cantilever beam AB of length L supports a triangularly distributed load of maximum intensity q0 (see figure). Beginning with the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), obtain the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve.
MA

A RA L

x B

RB

Solution 10.3-5 Triangular load q

Propped cantilever beam q0(L x) L EIv EIv x) C1 (1) (2) EIv M q0 x3 6 q0 x4 24 q0 x2 2 q0 x4 24 L q0 x5 120 L q0 x3 6L C1 x2 2 x3 6 C1x C2 C3 x2 2 C3 x (3) (4) C4 (5)

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EIv EIv V q q0 (L L q0 x

C2 x C2

C1

q0 x2 2L

SECTION 10.3

Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

637

B.C. B.C.

1 v(L)

0 0 0 0

C1L C3 C4 C1L

C2 0 0 3C2

q0 L2 3

(6)

REACTIONS

RA RB

V(0)

2 v(0) B.C. 3 v(0)

B.C.

2 q0 L 5 q0 L V(L) 10 q0 L2 15

v(L)

q0 L2 5

(7)

From equilibrium: MA q0 L2 6 RB L

Solve Eqs. (6) and (7): C1 2q0 L 5 C2 q0 L2 15

DEFLECTION CURVE (FROM EQ. 5) EIv q0 x4 24 q0 x5 120 L

SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2) V q0 (4L2 10 L or 10 Lx 5x )

2

q0 x2 (4L3 120 LEI

y q0

8 L2x

2 q0 L x3 5 6

5 L x2

q0 L2 x2 15 2 x3 )

Problem 10.3-6 The load on a propped cantilever beam AB of length L is parabolically distributed according to the equation q q0(1 x2/L2), as shown in the figure. Beginning with the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), obtain the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve.

q = q0 1

x2 L2

)
x

MA

A RA L

RB

Solution 10.3-6 Parabolic load q

Propped cantilever beam q0(1 x2 L2) Solve Eqs. (6) and (7): C1 61q0L 120 C2 11q0 L2 120

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EIv EIv EIv EIv EIv

B.C.

q V M q0

q0 (1 q0 (x q0 x 2
2

x2 L2 ) x3 3L2 )
4

(1) C1 C1x x 2
2

SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2) V q0 (61L3 120 L2 120 L2x 40x3 )

1 v(L) B.C. 2 v(0) B.C. 3 v(0) B.C. 4 v(L)

x4 q0 24

x 6

x 60 L2
5

0 0 0 0

x6 x3 x2 C1 C2 C3 x 6 2 360 L2 C1L C2 5q0 L2 12 C3 0 C4 0 C1L 3C2 7q0 L2 30

x 12 L2

(2) C2 C3 (3) (4) C4 (5)

C1

C2 x

REACTIONS RA RB From equilibrium: MA

V(0) 61q0 L 120 V(L) 19q0 L 120

(6)

DEFLECTION CURVE (FROM EQ. 5) (7) v q0 x2 (33 L4 720 L2EI q0 x2 (L x) (33 L3 720 L2EI 61L3x 28 L2x 30 L2x2 2 Lx2 2x4 ) 2x3 )

2 3L (q )(L) 3 0 8

RB L

11 q0 L2 120

638

CHAPTER 10

Statically Indeterminate Beams

Problem 10.3-7 The load on a fixed-end beam AB of length L is distributed in the form of a sine curve (see figure). The intensity of the distributed load is given by the equation q q0 sin x/L. Beginning with the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), obtain the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve.

x q = q0 sin L x MB RB

MA RA

A L

Solution 10.3-7 q q0 sin x L

Fixed-end beam (sine load) SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2) RB MA MB V q0 L cos x L RA RB (1) (2) M (3) MA (4) DEFLECTION CURVE (FROM EQ. 5) EIv or v q0 L4
4

FROM SYMMETRY: RA DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EIv EIv EIv EIv EIv V q q0 L

V(0) RA

q0 L q0 L

q0 sin x L x cos L C1

BENDING MOMENT (EQ. 3) q0 L2

3

x M C1x C2 2 sin L 3 q0 L x x2 C1 C2x C3 3 cos L 2 q0 L4 sin x L C1

q0 L2

M(0)

sin

x L 2 q0 L2
3

MB

MA

2 q0 L2
3

x3 x2 C2 C3 x C4 (5) 4 6 2 L B.C. 1 From symmetry, V C1 0 0 2 B.C. 2 v(0) 0 C3 q0 L3 3 B.C. 3 v(L) 0 C2 2 q0 L2 3 B.C. 4 v(0) C4 0 0

sin

x L

q0 L2x2
3

q0 L3x
3

q0 L2 2 x L sin 4 L EI
y q0

x2

Lx

Problem 10.3-8 A fixed-end beam AB of length L supports a triangularly distributed load of maximum intensity q0 (see figure). Beginning with the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), obtain the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve.
MA

A L

x B RB MB

RA

Solution 10.3-8 q q0(1 x L)

Fixed-end beam (triangular load) EIv EIv (1) C1 (2) EIv M q0

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EIv EIv V q q0 1

q0 x

x 2L
2

x L

q0

x3 6

q0

x2 2

x4 24

x4 24 L

x5 120 L

x3 6L

C1x x2 2 x3 6

C2 C2 x C2 x2 2 C3 C3 x

(3) (4) C4 (5)

C1

C1

SECTION 10.3

Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

639

B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C.

1 2 3 4

v(0) v(L) v(0) v(L)

0 0 0 0

C3 C1L C4 C1L

0 2C2 0 3C2 q0 L2 5 (7) q0 L2 4 (6)

BENDING MOMENT (EQ. 3) M q0 (3L3 60 L MA MB 21 L2x M(0) M(L) 30 Lx2 q0 L2 20 q0 L2 30 10x3 )

REACTIONS

Solve eqs. (6) and (7): C1 7q0 L 20 C2 q0 L2 20

DEFLECTION CURVE (EQ. 5) v q0 x2 (3L3 120 LEI q0 x2 (L 120 LEI 7L2x 5 Lx2 x3 )

SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2) V q0 (7L2 20 L RA RB 20 Lx 10x2 )

or v x) 2 (3L x)

REACTIONS

7q0 L V(0) 20 3q0 L V(L) 20

Problem 10.3-9 A counterclockwise moment M0 acts at the midpoint of a fixed-end beam ACB of length L (see figure). Beginning with the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), determine all reactions of the beam and obtain the equation of the deflection curve for the left-hand half of the beam. Then construct the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams for the entire beam, labeling all critical ordinates. Also, draw the deflection curve for the entire beam. Solution 10.3-9 Fixed-end beam (M0 = applied load)

y M0 MA RA A L 2 C L 2 B RB x MB

Beam is symmetric; load is antisymmetric. Therefore, RA RB MA x MB L 2) (1) (2) C2 0 0 RAL Also, MB 6 (3)
C

EQUILIBRIUM (OF ENTIRE BEAM) 0 a MB RAL or, 6 0 M0 MA RAL 6 RA MA RAL 6 MA M0 RAL RB MB MB 0 3M0 2L M0 4 RAL 0

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (0 EIv EIv EIv

B.C. B.C.

M RA

RAx

MA C1 C1x C1 C2 MA

x2 MAx 2 x3 x2 RA MA 6 2 0 0 0

DEFLECTION CURVE (EQ. 3) v RA L 6 M0 x2 (L 8 LEI 2x)

0

1 v(0) 2 v(0) L B.C. 3 v 2

L 2

(Continued)

640

CHAPTER 10

Statically Indeterminate Beams

DIAGRAMS
3M0 2L O L 6 L 3 M0 2 L 6 M0 4
max

L 6

M0 4

M0 L2 216 EI At point of inflection:

max

max

M0 2 y P A RA L 2 L 2 C B x

Problem 10.3-10 A propped cantilever beam AB supports a concentrated load P acting at the midpoint C (see figure). Beginning with the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), determine all reactions of the beam and draw the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams for the entire beam. Also, obtain the equations of the deflection curves for both halves of the beam, and draw the deflection curve for the entire beam.

MA

RB

Solution 10.3-10 P

Propped cantilever beam L2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (0 EIv EIv M (P (P RB ) RB ) x

applied load at x

x PL 2

Select RB as redundant reaction. REACTIONS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) RA P RB (1) MA PL 2 RB L (2)

BENDING MOMENTS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) M RAx MA (P RB )x

0

PL 2 x

RB (L

x)

L 2

RB L L 2

x2 2 x3 EIv (P RB ) 6 v(0) 0 B.C. 1 B.C. 2 v(0) 0

PL RB L x C1 2 PL x2 RB L C1x 2 2 C1 0 C2 0 x L)

RB L

L 2)

(3) (4) C2 (5)

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (L 2 EIv EIv EIv M RBLx RB L x2 2 RB (L

2

x)

(6) (7) C4 (8)

RB

x C3 2 x3 RB C3x 6

SECTION 10.3

Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

641

B.C. B.C.

3 4

v(L)

C3 L

C4

RB L3 3

(9)

DEFLECTION CURVE FOR 0 v Px2 (9L 96EI 11x) (0

x x

L/2 (FROM EQ. 5) L/2)

Continuity condition at point C L : 2 (v) Left PL 2 (v) Right L RB L 2 C3 (10) PL3 8 (11)

At x (P

L2 RB ) 8 RB L

DEFLECTION CURVE FOR L/2 v

L (FROM EQ. 8)

or C3

PL2 8

L 2

RB

L2 8

P ( 2L3 12L2x 15Lx2 5x3 ) 96EI P (L x)( 2L2 10Lx 5x2 ) 96EI (L/2 x L)

From Eq. (9): C4

B.C.

RB L3 3

SLOPE IN RIGHT-HAND PART OF THE BEAM From eq. (7): v Point of zero slope: 5x2 1 10Lx1 4L2 0 x1 P (4L2 32EI 10Lx 5x2 )

Continuity condition at point C. L : (v) Left (v) Right 2 L3 PL L2 RB ) RB L 48 2 8 5P 16 L2 8 RB RA MA L3 48 P PL 2

At x (P

or RB

RB L

PL2 L 8 2 11P 16

RB L3 3

PL3 8

L 5 5 5 0.5528L PL3 EI

MAXIMUM DEFLECTION
max

(v) x

x1

0.009317

From eq. (1): From eq. (2):

RB

DEFLECTION CURVE
A 3L 11 x1 C B

RBL

3PL 16

SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS

11P 16

max

5P 16 5PL 32

M O

3L 11

3PL 16

642

CHAPTER 10

Statically Indeterminate Beams

Method of Superposition
The problems for Section 10.4 are to be solved by the method of superposition. All beams have constant flexural rigidity EI unless otherwise stated. When drawing shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, be sure to label all critical ordinates, including maximum and minimum values. Problem 10.4-1 A propped cantilever beam AB of length L carries a concentrated load P acting at the position shown in the figure. Determine the reactions RA, RB, and MA for this beam. Also, draw the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, labeling all critical ordinates.
P A RA B

MA

a L

RB

Solution 10.4-1

Propped cantilever beam COMPATIBILITY

B

Select RB as redundant. EQUILIBRIUM RA P RB MA Pa RB L

( B)1 Pa (3L 6EI Pa2 (3L 2L3

2

( B)2 a) a)

0 RBL3 3EI 0

RELEASED STRUCTURE AND FORCE-DISPLACEMENT

RELATIONS

RB

P A a b B ( B)1 Pa2 6EI (3L

OTHER REACTIONS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) RA

a)

Pb (3L2 2L3

b2 )

MA

Pab (L 2L2

b)

SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING-MOMENT DIAGRAMS

A L B RB O RB ( B)2 RB 3EI L3 RA V

M1 M O MA M1 RBb