Advancements and Need for Advancements in CIVIL Engineering

The Great wall of China, Pyramids of Egypt, Roman aqueducts, The Taj-Mahal, Golden temple, Gate Bridge are all engineering marvels. What are common and great things with them? They are not only the Civil Engineering Projects, also the true testimonies to the genius of people, monuments of changing civilizations. Globalisation and extraordinary technological advancement that is being made, in 21Century demand that Civil Engineering keep equal pace with time. India set itself the target of becoming a developed nation by the year 2020. A major focus of the efforts immediately and in the next decade is on infrastructure by way of highways, ports, nuclear facilities, airports, power, water, housing, sanitation and so on. Only way to fulfill this dream is the economic progress of the country, which makes its mandatory to probe the latest technologies in the field of Civil Engineering and get ready for the future. As a result the structures constructed now a days are more taller, wider and flexible and are subjected to huge environmental loads such as wind, earthquake etc. The biggest challenge for Civil Engineering is that its entire infrastructure must be able to withstand external disturbances, which includes even militants threat, attacks, blast etc. Today's technology demands perfect approach in planning, analysis, design, construction and maintenance of these infrastructures. Thus an integrated approach is vital for Civil Engineering, which not only requires understanding of theoretical, and numerical study but also as a community of Civil Engineer, they are expected to produce useful and economical results. Apart from this the time taken to complete the project shall also be shorter. Therefore conceptual analysis and design solution, innovative material and new technology must replace the traditional materials and technology to meet these requirements of today and tomorrow which should be environmental friendly also.

Therefore Civil Engineering requires constant up-gradation of knowledge in the field of advanced building materials, earthquake resistance structure, aerodynamics, construction management, rehabilitation and maintenance of structure, intelligent and energy efficient building, ground improvement techniques, solid waste management, water harvesting and sustainable development for environmental protection, use of Information Technology in design & construction.

Advancements and Need for Advancements in Computer and Information Technology The real development in Computer and Information Technology fields is how far it is reached the Common Man / Public / Citizen. There are so many terminologies in this domain, but the common terminology in connection the common citizen is E-Governance.

Definition of E-Governance E-governance is the application of information & communication technologies to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of informational & transactional exchanges with in government, between govt. & govt. agencies of National, State, Municipal & Local levels, citizen & businesses, and to empower citizens through access & use of information.

Advantages of E-Governance Following are the advantages of E-Governance: 1. Speed Technology makes communication speedier. Internet, Phones, Cell Phones have reduced the time taken in normal communication. 2. Cost Reduction Most of the Government expenditure is appropriated towards the cost of stationary. Paper-based communication needs lots of stationary, printers, computers, etc. which calls for continuous heavy expenditure. Internet and Phones makes communication cheaper saving valuable money for the Government. 3. Transparency Use of ICT makes governing profess transparent. All the information of the Government would be made available on the internet. The citizens can see the information whenever they want to see. But this is only possible when every piece of information of the Government is uploaded on the internet and is available for the public to peruse. Current governing process leaves many ways to conceal the information from all the people. ICT helps make the information available online eliminating all the possibilities of concealing of information. 4. Accountability Once the governing process is made transparent the Government is automatically made accountable. Accountability is answerability of the Government to the people. It is the answerability for the deeds of the Government. An accountable Government is a responsible Government. Emergent of E-Governance in India The concept of e-governance has its origins in India during the nineties with a focus on development of in- house government applications in the areas of defense, economic monitoring, planning and the deployment of IT to manage data intensive functions related to elections, census, tax administration etc.

While the emphasis has been primarily on automation and computerization, state governments have also endeavored to use ICT tools into connectivity, networking, setting up systems for processing information and delivering services. At a micro level, this has ranged from IT automation in individual departments, electronic file handling and workflow systems, access to entitlements, public grievance systems, service delivery for high volume routine transactions such as payment of bills, tax dues to meeting poverty alleviation goals through the promotion of entrepreneurial models and provision of market information. For governments, the more overt motivation to shift from manual processes to IT-enabled processes may be increased efficiency in administration and service delivery, but this shift can be conceived as a worthwhile investment with potential for returns.

Challenges in Implementing E-Governance in India Although lots of efforts have been made in the creation of infrastructure and internal information handling by govt. bodies as well as public services, the diffusion of technologies in moving towards e-governance have been rather slow. This may primarily be attributed to the following reasons: Lack of IT Literacy and awareness regarding benefits of e-governance Underutilization of existing ICT infrastructure Attitude of Government Departments Lack of coordination between Govt. Department and Solution developers Resistance to re-engineering of departmental processes Lack of Infrastructure for sustaining e-governance projects on national level

e-Gov Action Plan Solution Strategies for today; Vision for Future Govt. leaders in India are starting to realize that e-governance is the key to drive todays economy with an increased participation from citizens. Providing services online is no longer going to remain optional for local and central government as demand for providing services at internet speed has been coming from the citizens. The following are solutions for enhancing e-Governance in India. Create Literacy and commitment to e-governance at high level Conduct Usability Surveys for assessment of existing e-governance projects Starting with implementation of pilot projects and replicating the successful ones Follow the Best Practices in e-governance Build National resource Database of e-governance projects Have clearly defined Interoperability policy Manage and Update content on govt. websites efficiently and regularly

Advancements and Need for Advancements in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

This concern with various major fields like Electrical, Electronics and Communication technologies, robotics, satellites, etc. Opportunities and intellectual challenges in the electronics and communication industry have grown by leaps and bounds, particularly in the field of space exploration, industrial and commercial automation, computational technology and telecommunications. Automation at home and at work is driving the electronic industry to innovate ways of incorporating electronic technology into daily life. Electronics engineers are involved in the R&D, design, construction and operation of electronic systems and devices for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use. As communication engineers, they work in the communication industry, automobile industry, or in robotics. They work on electrical circuits in all kinds of applications. As specialists they may focus on computing systems, industrial equipment, aerospace equipment (avionics) or biomedical devices. Work in these sectors essentially involves research, design and development, manufacture, servicing, sales, marketing and teaching.

Advancements and Need for Advancements in Mechanical Engineering | | | |