CHAPTER III DATA AND METHODOLOGY

The various researches that have been mentioned in Chapter II have employed different methodologies. Some collected data through survey method while others used interviews and observation method. After going through all the different methodologies the researcher chose survey method as an instrument of data collection. The instrument that would be used has been discussed later in this chapter in detail. The data relating to the variables being studied would be collected and analyzed using different statistical tools mainly correlation and regression. The statistical tools have also been discussed in this chapter.

3.1 VARIABLES
Following are the variables on which data will be collected and that would be measured through the selected research instrument.

Performance Performance means accomplishing a certain task measured against preset known standards of accuracy, completeness, cost, and speed. High Productivity: High productivity refers to bringing the most output out of the resources.

Performance Appraisal Performance appraisal means evaluating employees to analyze an employee's recent successes and failures, personal strengths and weaknesses, and suitability for promotion or further training. Employee Involvement: Employee involvement means creating an environment in which people have an impact on decisions and actions that affect their jobs. Rewards: Rewards mean a positive stimulus that can be presented in the process of reinforcing behavior. It includes promotions, bonuses etc. Feedback: Feedback means the information sent to an entity(individual or a group) about its prior behavior so that the entity may adjust its current and future behavior to achieve the desired result.

3.2 POPULATION The population under study is the faculty of the Air University. The total strength of the faculty of Air University is 180. The faculty comprises both genders and age groups that are being studied in this research. The faculty of the university is highly qualified. The faculty of the university is dispersed in eight departments and offers fourteen different programs that are mainly related to Business Administration, Electrical Engineering, Telecom Engineering, Electronics, Mechatronics, Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace and Avionics.

3.3 SAMPLE SIZE According to the Central Limit Theorem, a sufficiently large sample size from a population with a finite level of variance, the mean of all samples from the same population will be approximately equal to the mean of the population. Furthermore, all of the samples will follow an approximate normal distribution pattern, with all variances being approximately equal to the variance of the population divided by each sample's size. In even more simpler words the theorem states that the sampling distribution curve (for sample sizes of 30 and over) will be centered on the population parameter value and it will have all the properties of a normal distribution. Out of the total population of the Air Universitys faculty i.e. 170, 110 was taken as sample size. So, 110 questionnaires were floated among the faculty members. The significance level decided is 10% hence the confidence level is 90%. If the probability of H0 is found to be less than the significance level then it would be rejected otherwise it would be not rejected.

3.4 STATISTICAL TOOLS The statistical tools that would be used are correlation and regression. Both have been explained to give the reader a better understanding of the results that are provided in the next chapter in which analysis and findings are given. Correlation Correlation is a statistical measurement of the relationship between two variables. Possible correlations range from +1 to 1. A zero correlation indicates that there is no

relationship between the variables. A correlation of 1 indicates a perfect negative correlation, meaning that as one variable goes up, the other goes down. A correlation of +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation, meaning that both variables move in the same direction together.

Regression A statistical measure that attempts to determine the strength of the relationship between one dependent variable (usually denoted by Y) and a series of other changing variables (known as independent variables) is known as regression. The two basic types of regression are linear regression and multiple regression. Linear regression uses one independent variable to explain and/or predict the outcome of Y, while multiple regression uses two or more independent variables to predict the outcome. The researcher has used the following equation: Performance j = f (Productivityj) (3.1)

Where j is 1 to 4: 1 => Male, 2 => Female, 3 => Senior, 4 => Junior

3.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The researcher designed the research instrument i.e. questionnaire herself. The questionnaire has a total of twenty statements which the respondent was supposed to assign a number after evaluating himself/herself on Likert scale. Performance appraisal and performance had been operationalized in the beginning of the research into three variables each. For data collection about the three variables of performance appraisal the researcher has used five statements each. The one variable of performance also has give statements. The statements about variables of performance appraisal would generate scores which have been abbreviated by the researcher as: Feedback= FDS Rewards= RDS Employee involvement= EIS And the scores for variables of performance which would be taken as a whole as PRF and individually as: Productivity= PDS