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Simple Machines

K-12 Program

Introductions
Name Job position

What Will We Discover?


What a simple machine is How we use simple machines in our daily lives The different types of simple machines What is work The importance of simple machines

What is a Machine?
What the dictionary says:
Machine:
A system or device which uses energy to perform a task. A system that helps you do work.

Simple Machine:
A machine with few or no moving parts.

Types of Simple Machines


Levers Pulleys Gears Wheel and Axle Incline plane Screw Wedge

Machines

Todays Focus
Levers Pulleys Gears Wheel and Axle

What is Work
A Force Applied Through a Distance

W=FXD
Force exertion of physical power

Work Demonstration
Who thinks they can lift the teacher? How much force do you think will need to be applied to lift your teacher 10 inches off the ground?

Mechanical Advantage

W=FXD MA = Output/Input

Decreasing the force required to do work at the expense of distance.

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Mechanical Advantage

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Activity Stations and Safety


Safety
Follow instructions Keep hands to your sides Wait your turn Only do actions as instructed

Stations
Lever, pulley, gears and wheel and axle

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A Quick Review
Simple machines make our work easier?
A. False B. True

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Problem #1

Who will be less tired at the end of the day?

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Lever Knowledge

Why is it easier for Kelly? What makes up a lever?


A. A ramp B. Fulcrum, arm, load and an effort C. Block and tackle

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Lever Knowledge
A lever is a simple machine used to lift, cut, or open objects. Parts of a lever:
Straight rod or arm that pivots on a point called a fulcrum

Three types of levers:


First class Second class Third class

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Examples of Levers
Door on hinges Seesaw Hammer Bottle opener Fork Nutcracker Shovel Crowbar Fishing rod Wheelbarrow Wrench Stapler Scissors

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Problem 2
Who is going to have to apply more force to do the same amount of work?

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Pulley Knowledge
How much harder does Sammy have to work? What is a pulley?
A. B. C. A. B. C. A grooved wheel that turns around an axle with a rope passing through it A wheel that moves things Ropes and wheels Two Three Four

How many types of pulleys are there?

What are they?

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Pulleys Knowledge
A pulley changes the direction of force, making it easier to lift objects to a high-rise area. A pulley is made up of a grooved wheel that turns around an axle with rope passing through it. Three types of pulleys:
Fixed Moveable Combined

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Examples Pulleys
Flag pole Mini-blinds Elevator Winch Wishing well Crane Window washing platform Rigging on a sailboat The swing at the Discovery Center

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Problem #3
Who will apply more force pedaling on a flat surface?

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Why is more force required by Pat? What is a gear?


A. B. C. A toy A small wheel

Gear, Wheel and Axle Knowledge

Toothed or pegged wheels that mesh together

If a gear with 10 teeth and another with 5 teeth turns, after the big gear turns 1 round, the small gear will turn ....... rounds
A. B. C. A. B. C. Ten Two Five Axle Effort Wheel

Which part of the wheel and axle is the fulcrum?

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Gears Knowledge
Gears are used to slow things down, speed things up, or change direction. Gear description:
Toothed or pegged wheels that fit together

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Examples of Gears
Clock Automobile Drill Motorcycles Bicycles

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Wheel and Axle Knowledge


The wheel and axle is a wheel attached to a rigid pole. Both are circular objects, the wheel being larger than the axle. A force applied to the wheel is multiplied when it is transferred to the axle, which travels a shorter distance than the wheel.

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Examples of Wheel and Axle


Pencil sharpener Rolling pin Windmill Roller blades Dishwasher rack rollers Bike wheel Car wheel Wagon wheel Door knob Skate board

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Now you can use your simple machine knowledge to work smarter.

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