Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Straightforward
Upper Intermediate Companion
German Edition
ConSonAntS
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /tS/ /dZ/ /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ /T/ /D/ pen bad tea dog church jazz cost girl far voice thin then /pen/ /bd/ /ti/ /dg/ /tStS/ /dZz/ /kst/ /gl/ / fa(r)/ /vOIs/ /TIn/ /Den/ /s/ /z/ /S/ /Z/ /m/ /n/ /N/ /h/ /l/ /r/ /w/ /j/ snake noise shop measure make nine sing house leg red wet yes /sneIk/ /nOIz/ /Sp/ /meZ(r)/ /meIk/ /naIn/ /sIN/ /haUs/ /leg/ /red/ /wet/ /jes/
Unit 1
Leisure interests
aficionado (n) C be crazy about fan (n) C get a taste for (sth) get the bug for (sth) give (sth) a try be into (sth) be keen on (sth) be obsessed with passion (n) U supporter (n) C take up (sth) (v) \fISi"nAdU\ \bi "kreIzi baUt\ \fn\ \get "teIst f\ \get D "bg f\ \gIv "traI\ \bi "Int\ \bi "kin n\ \bi b"sest wID\ \"pSn\ \s"pOt\ \teIk "p\ Liebhaber(in) verrckt sein nach Fan; Anhnger(in)
Greg became a real aficionado, setting up his own website and organizing annual conventions. Matthew Gibbon is crazy about rugby. Greg and his friends were all big fans of Star Trek. He got the Trekkie bug in a big way and became a real aficionado. It was a colleague who suggested she should give paintballing a try. Once youre into ghost hunting theres no turning back. Tony ONeill was always keen on ghost stories. He became more and more obsessed with rugby. Gregs interest turned into a passion. Matthew is a supporter of the Scottish national rugby team. He decided to take up ghost hunting after watching a TV documentary about it.
auf den Geschmack kommen Charlotte quickly got a taste for paintballing. gepackt werden von etwas etwas ausprobieren auf etwas stehen; voll aktiv sein sich fr etwas sehr interessieren von etwas besessen sein Leidenschaft Anhnger(in) mit etwas anfangen
Time adverbials
after a while afterwards at first at the beginning eventually finally in the end initially later on subsequently to begin with \Aftr"waIl\ \"Aftwdz\ \t "fst\ \t D bI"gInIN\ \I"ventSuli\ \"faInli\ \In Di "end\ \I"nISli\ \leIt "n\ \"sbsIkwntli\ \t bI"gIn wID\ nach einer Weile nachher zunchst; zuerst am Anfang schlielich schlielich zum Schluss anfangs spter anschlieend am Anfang After a while James realized he couldnt mix his job with his personal interests. You can always sell the autographs afterwards. At first I said no, but then he offered me fifty pounds for the autograph. At the beginning I found it difficult to draw a line between collecting and trading. We eventually decided we had been mistaken. Finally the first limousine pulled up. The crowd was getting out of control and in the end the police pushed everybody back. Well, initially I was just an autograph hunter like all the others. Later on hundreds of other fans began arriving. If the person subsequently dies, the value of their autograph doubles overnight. To begin with, the atmosphere was calm and friendly.
Unit 1
Expressions with thing
in-thing its just one of those things one thing led to another the good thing is a thing about \In"TIN\ \Its dZst wn v DUz "TINz\ \wn TIN led tu "nD\ \D "gUd TiN Iz\ \D "TiN baUt\
das, was zur Zeit in ist So was kommt eben vor. Eins fhrte zum anderen. Das Gute dran ist eine Schwche fr; einen ....-fimmel haben
How did 1970s fashion get to be the in-thing again? Its horrible! I dont know why really, its just one of those things. One thing led to another and I now do more than ten hours overtime a week. The good thing is, weve got quite a big house. I always had a thing about football.
Unit 1
cattle (n pl) chess (n) U clay (adj) collectable (adj) convention (n) C dark horse (n) U deal (v) / (n) C dedicate (v) defensive (adj) devote (v) draughts (n pl) draw a line between dress up (v) eliminate (v) enamel (n) U exception (n) C get carried away get hold of (v) glamour (n) U glorify (v) gnome (n) C goods (n pl) \ktl\ \tSes\ kleI\ \k"lektbl\ \kn"venSn\ \dAk "hOs\ \dil\ \"dedIkeIt\ \dI"fensIv\ \dI"vUt\ \drAfts\ \drO "laIn bItwin\ \dres "p\ \I"lImIneIt\ \I"nml\ \Ik"sepSn\ \get krId "weI\ \get "haUld v\ \"glm\ \"glOrIfaI\ \nUm\ \gUdz\ Rinder; Vieh Schach Ton-
Unit 1
handle (v) hang around have a tendency to household (adj) / (n) U hunter (n) C impatient (adj) in deep water instinct (n) C in stock introverted (adj) job seeker (n) C junk (n) U kid (n) C lacking (adj) latter lawn (n) C let off steam liven up (v) looped (adj) make (sth) up (v) maniac (n) C memorabilia (n pl) nasty (adj) nutter (n) C outgoing (adj) overreact (v) \"hndl\ \hN "raUnd\ \hv "tendnsi t\ \"haUshUld\ \"hnt\ \Im"peISnt\ \In dip "wOt\ \"InstINkt\ \In "stk\ \"IntrvtId\ \"dZb sik\ \dZNk\ \kId\ \"lkIN\ \"lt\ \lOn\ \let f "stim\ \laIvn "p\ \lupt\ \meIk "p\ \"meInik\ \mem"r"bIli\ \"nasti\ \"nt\ \aUt"gUIN\ \Uvri"kt\ zu tun haben mit herumstehen neigen zu Haushalts-; Haushalt Jger(in) ungeduldig
Unit 1
paintball (n) C paintballing (n) U pellet (n) C point-blank (adv) prospective (adj) rabid (adj) \"peIntbOl\ \"peIntbOlIN\ \pelIt\ \pOInt"blNk\ \pr"spektIv\ \"rbId\ Farbkugel Farbkugelschieen Kgelchen glatt zuknftig tollwtig
re-enact (v) relieve (v) resist (v) reveal (v) rival (adj) ruin (v) / (n)C selfish (adj) set up (v) stall (n) C stand out (v)
\riIn"kt\ \rI"liv\ \rI"zist\ \rI"vil\ \"raIvl\ \"ruIn\ \"selfIS\ \set "p\ \stOl\ \stnd aUt\
nachspielen lindern widerstehen aufdecken konkurrierend ruinieren egoistisch einrichten Stand herausragen
Players shoot each other with paint and re-enact famous battle scenes. Paintballing can help relieve the stresses of a hard-working week. Resist the temptation to invent things that are not true. The airplanes black box may reveal the cause of the crash. Players try to eliminate as many members of the rival team as they can. Typing mistakes include people who announce they are responsible for ruining their companys sales department! If your handwritings hard to read you are active and energetic, but sometimes selfish. Greg Schultz became a real aficionado, setting up his own website. There used to be market stalls and shops that sold nothing but badges. Job seekers need to make their application stand out, so theres little point in saying that youre into pop music, that you like going to the cinema or that youve been a supporter of your local football club for ten years.
sticker (n) C strategy (n) C survey (n) C swap (n) tempt (v) terminate (v)
A lot of people enjoy collecting Panini stickers. Its a game of strategy. A recent survey shows that one in four CVs contain a lie of some kind. We used to do swaps and try to collect the whole set. People write such strange things on their CVs that its tempting to believe that they dont want the job at all. His previous contract had been terminated because he had to get to work by 8.45am and he couldnt work under those conditions!
Unit 1
trade (v) / (n) U typo (n) C voluntary (adj) weapon (n) C weird (adj) workout (n) C \treId\ \"taIpU\ \"vlntri\ \"wepn\ \wId\ \"wkaUt\ tauschen; verkaufen; Handel Tippfehler freiwillig Waffe seltsam Trainingsstunde
Unit 2
Adjectives (character)
aggressive cold-blooded cuddly cute docile ferocious inquisitive lovely obedient playful tame vicious \"gresIv\ \kUld"bldd\ \"kdli\ \kjut\ \"dUsaIl\ \f"rUSs\ \In"kwIztIv\ \"lvli\ \"bidint\ \"pleIf l\ \teIm\ \"vISs\ aggressiv kaltbltig Kuschelputzig zahm; sanftmtig wild neugierig wunderschn gehorsam verspielt zahm bsartig
Dolphins can become very aggressive when faced with food shortages. Do you agree that dolphins can be cold-blooded killers? Dolphins are not just the cuddly animals of our imagination. Experts insist they are not the cute, cuddly animals of popular imagination. The ponies in the New Forest are very obedient and very docile. Wayne Preston argues that dolphins are neither dangerous nor ferocious. He says dolphins are inquisitive and playful. They wander around, completely free, and theyre really, really lovely. The ponies in the New Forest are very obedient and very docile. People think of dolphins as cuddly, playful creatures. Lionel Walter used to go to the seaside with his pet opossum and tame dingo. Some animals can get quite vicious if theyre frightened.
Verb idioms
add up butt in clear up draw the line face miss the point \d "p\ \bt "In\ \klI "p\ \drO D "laIn\ \feIs\ \mIs D "pOInt\ stimmen unterbrechen (auf)klren Schluss sein sich nichts vormachen den Sinn nicht verstehen His ideas on how to manage the problem just dont add up. Shes forever butting in on other peoples conversations. Its important to clear up any misunderstandings We have to draw the line somewhere we cant allow the numbers to keep on growing. Lets face it foxes are a serious nuisance. Im sorry, but youre missing the point of what Im saying.
Strong reactions
blow (your) top (v) insane (adj) livid (adj) lose (your) temper (v) lunatic (n) C \blU "tp\ \In"seIn\ \"lIvId\ \luz "temp\ \"luntIk\ an die Decke gehen geisteskrank wtend die Beherrschung verlieren Wahnsinnige(r) She really blew her top. Shes totally insane. She was absolutely livid. She lost her temper. Shes a complete lunatic.
Unit 2
need (your) head examined round the bend (adj) worked up (adj) \nid hed Ig"zmInd\ \raUnd D bend\ \wkt "p\ untersuchen lassen verrckt aufgeregt
Unit 2
busker (n) C calf (n) C carriage (n) C clash (v) / (n) C \"bsk\ \kaf\ \"krIdZ\ \klS\ Straenmusikant Kalb Kutsche zusammenstoen
common sense (n) U convinced (adj) crawl (v) cruel (adj) cull (n) C curtsey (v) deliberate (adj) dig (v) dingo (n) C disabled (adj) disappointedly (adv) eagle (n) C earl (n) C eccentric (adj) estate (n) C face facts
\"kmn sens\ \kn"vInst\ \krOl\ \"krul\ \kl\ \"ktsi\ \dI"lIbrt\ \dIg\ \"dIngU\ \dIs"eIbld\ \dIs"pOIntIdli\ \"igl\ \l\ \Ik"sentrIk\ \I"steIt\ \feIs "fkts\
vernnftig sein berzeugt kriechen grausam Erlegen berschssiger Tierbestnde einen (Hof)knicks machen absichtlich graben Dingo behindert enttuscht Adler Graf exzentrisch Gut; Anwesen den Tatsachen ins Auge sehen
Unit 2
fellow (adj) fence (n) C flock of foreseeable (adj) fox (n) C gap (n) C gel together get rid of guinea pig (n) C habitat (n) C hazard (n) C hit it off horrific (adj) \"felU\ \fens\ \"f lk v\ \fO"sibl\ \fks\ \gp\ \dZel t"geD\ \get "rId v\ \"gIni pIg\ \"hbItt\ \"hzd\ \hIt It "f\ \h"rIfIk\ Artgenossen Zaun Schwarm vorhersehbar Fuchs Lcke
hound (n) C hutch (n) C inaccurate (adj) incident (n) C indulge (v) ironically (adv) irritation (n) U ivory (n) U
A hound is another name for a dog. A hungry fox will break into hutches and eat pet rabbits. Wayne Preston claims that the article is not only insensitive but inaccurate. The incident comes only months after a similar attack on a French tourist in the same area. Egerton did not totally indulge his dogs, however. I used to be a postwoman ironically as some dogs really hate postmen! On top of that, there are minor irritations, like the problems with rubbish bins, for example. Animal rights movements campaign against buying products made of ivory or bone.
Unit 2
kitten (n) C kiwi (n) C lead (n) C leather (n) U local authorities (n pl) loyal (adj) mayor (n) C menace (v) / (n) messy (adj) mildly (adv) misbehaviour (n) napkin (n) C nose butt (n) C nuisance (n) C obstacle (n) C opossum (n) C ordeal (n) C overcome (v) overhanging (adj) pest (n) C petition (n) C plague (v) pointless (adj) potential (adj) \"kItn\ \"kiwi\ \lid\ \"leD\ \lUkl O"TrtIz\ \"lOIl\ \me\ \"mens\ \"mesi\ \"maIldli\ \mIsbI"heIvj\ \"npkIn\ \"nUz bt\ \"njusns\ \"bstkl\ \"psm\ \O"dil\ \Uv"km\ \Uv"hNIN\ \pest\ \p"tISn\ \pleIg\ \"pOIntls\ \p"tenSl\ Ktzchen Kiwi Leine Leder Stadtverwaltung true Brgermeister(in) bedrohen Bedrohung dreckig; unschn gelinde; milde schlechtes Benehmen (Hals)tuch Sto mit der Nase rgernis Hindernis
Unit 2
privacy (n) U punishment (n) C pup (n) C puppy (n) C red setter (n) C reincarnation (n) U reputation (n) C rewarding (adj) rip (v) rope (n) C row (n) C scream (n) C / (v) \"prIvsi\ \"pnISmnt\ \pp\ \"ppi\ \red "set\ \riInkA"neISn\ \repjU"teISn\ \rI"wOdIN\ \rIp\ \rUp\ \rU\ \skrim\ Privatleben Strafe Welpe; junger Hund junger Hund
shark (n) C shocked (adj) shortage (n) C sickened (adj) silk (n) U slaughter (v) smoothly (adv) solemnly (adv) spare (v)
Hai geschockt Knappheit angewidert Seide schlachten leicht; ruhig feierlich verschonen
Unit 2
spot (v) stick (n) C sunbather (n) C tackle (v) terrifying (adj) the bubble burst tortoise (n) C \spt\ \stIk\ \"snbeID\ \"tkl\ \"terfaIIN\ \D bbl "bst\ \"tOts\ entdecken; sehen Stock
tourist operator (n) C trial (n) C turkey (n) C unhygienic (adj) vaccine (n) C viciously (adv) wave (n) C
The problem is the tourist operators who offer the chance to swim with wild dolphins. When Gusty ran away again, Cooke arranged for the dogs trial to take place! He was convinced that his late father Robert had returned as a turkey on the family estate at Cookesborough. Foxes cause a mess by turning over rubbish bins, which is very unhygienic. New drugs and vaccines are often tested on live animals. The dolphin turned on the girl viciously, biting her on the arm. Holidaymakers looked on in horror when they heard screams coming from the waves.
Unit 3
Compound adjectives
clean-shaven easy-going middle-aged second-hand short-lived well-off worn-out \klin"SeIvn\ \izi"gUIN\ \mIdl"eIdZd\ \seknd"hnd\ \SOt"lIvd\ \wel"f\ \wOn"aUt\ glatt rasiert gelassen mittleren Alters aus zweiter Hand kurzlebig gut situiert abgetragen
I hate beards and moustaches: clean-shaven men look much better. Clothes dont matter to me. Im very easy-going about what I wear. I think middle-aged people who wear youth fashions look silly. Some people dont like wearing second-hand clothes. Most fashions are so short-lived I cant be bothered to follow them. Id love to be well-off so I could spend what I like on clothes. I dont mind clothes that are a bit worn-out if I feel comfortable in them.
Slang
airhead (n) C beat (adj) blow (v) a drag (n s) dumb (adj) grand (n) C nuts (adj) psyched up (adj) \"ehed\ \bit\ \blU\ \ "drg\ \dm\ \grnd\ \nts\ \saIkt "p\ Hohlkopf fertig; erschpt verpulvern Mist dumm Riese (tausend) verrckt aufgedreht Some people treated me like an airhead cos I was a model. I was feeling beat because wed been working non-stop for weeks. The moneys good but I used to blow it all. The biggest drag is you have to be so passive. A lot of people think if youre a model, you have to be real dumb. You can make two or three grand in one week as a model. I said Hey, Im not gonna do that and he went nuts. I dont have the right kind of mentality you have to be psyched up for catwalk jobs.
Unit 3
Other words & phrases
abnormal (adj) accessory (n) C aftershave (n) U anorexia (n) U beard (n) C big mouth (n) C blame (v) blemish (n) C bothered (adj) brand (n) C brandy (n) C / U bully (n) C catwalk (n) C chuck (v) commune (n) C \b"nOml\ \k"sesri\ \"AftSeIv\ \n"reksI\ \bId\ \"bIg maUT\ \bleIm\ \"blemIS\ \"bDd\ \brnd\ \"brndi\ \"bUli\ \"ktwOk\ \tSk\ \"kmjun\ anormal Zubehrteil Rasierwasser
Winona Ryder, another celebrity sufferer, blames her dysmorphia on the abnormal pressures of life she had to suffer as a teenage movie star. Nike succeeded in transforming the sports shoe into an essential fashion accessory. Find out how often your classmates have bought aftershave or perfume. Some of them suffer from medical conditions such as anorexia. Do you like men with beards and moustaches? This photographer, a real big mouth, he wanted me to bite a necklace, a pearl necklace. Winona Ryder, another celebrity sufferer, blames her dysmorphia on the abnormal pressures of life she had to suffer as a teenage movie star. Youre more likely to notice a blemish on perfect skin. I dont think your parents are terribly bothered what I look like. Nike is a very famous brand of sports clothing. I once did an advertisement for brandy. People who suffer from the syndrome may want to show the school bully how far theyve come. You have to be mentally prepared to do the catwalk work. The next time I see that fleece, Im going to chuck it in the bin. Some people lived in easy-going communes, others followed Eastern religions and many turned to drugs, which claimed the lives of musical heroes like Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin.
Anorexie; Magersucht Bart Gromaul die Schuld geben Makel; Schnheitsfehler sich an etwas stren Marke Weinbrand Tyrann Laufsteg schmeien Kommune
compensate (v)
\"kmpnseIt\
kompensieren
People suffering from the syndrome become obsessed with these imaginary physical defects and will do anything to hide them or compensate for them.
He has a tanned, healthy complexion. In men, it can take the special form of muscle dysmorphia a syndrome driving more and more men to compulsive exercising. It can be very difficult to conquer an eating disorder. Disillusioned with corporate America, many young Americans in the late 1960s adopted an alternative lifestyle and came to be known as hippies.
Unit 3
counterpart (n) C crave (v) cynical (adj) dare (v) deep-rooted (adj) defect (n) C denim (n) U disapproval (n) U disillusioned (adj) dye (v) dysmorphia (n) U estranged (adj) ethnic (adj) fit in (v) flared (adj) fleece (n) / (adj) formerly (adv) frustrated (adj) Goth (n) C grease (n) U heritage (n) U incomprehensible (adj) \"kaUntpAt\ \kreIv\ \"sInIkl\ \de\ \dip"rutId\ \"difekt\ \"denIm\ \dIs"pruvl\ \dIsI"luZnd\ \daI\ \dIs"mOfI\ \I"streIndZd\ \"eTnIk\ \fIt "In\ \f led\ \f lis\ \"fOmli\ \fr"streItId\ \gT\ \gris\ \"herItIdZ\ \InkmprI-"hensbl\ Pendant; Gegenber sich sehnen nach zynisch wagen tief verwurzelt Fehler Baumwolldrillich Missbilligung desillusioniert frben Dysmorphie entfremdet ethnisch ins Bild passen ausgestellt Fleece ehemals frustriert Gote; Grufti (Schmier)fett Kulturerbe unverstndlich
Unit 3
insecure (adj) inspire (v) involvement (n) U keep your cool linen (n) U lipstick (n) C loose (adj) manifestation (n) C \insI"kjU\ \In"spaI\ \In"vlvmnt\ \kip j "kul\ \"lInIn\ \"lIpstIk\ \lus\ \mnIfe"steISn\ unsicher
\nev"endIN\ \pl\
unendlich Perle
The second half of the twentieth century saw a never-ending stream of fashions. Pearls are found in oysters and have become popular in fashion. This photographer, a real big mouth, he wanted me to bite a necklace, a pearl necklace.
Punks were just one phase of a series of youth tribes. I started with some photo shoots and then did a few catwalk jobs. One day he said, Youre really photogenic. You could be a model. Despite the postcards in the souvenir shops of extravagantly hairstyled punks with their studded leather jackets and nose piercings, punk died as an expression of youth culture more than twenty years ago.
pimple (n) C ponytail (n) C portrayal (n) C posh (adj) provocative (adj) psychedelic (adj)
If youre on a set and you have a pimple, they have to switch the lighting. Teddy girls wore American-style ponytails. As a result of their portrayal in the press, it was often thought that Goths worshipped the devil. I dont like the looks people give us when were in a posh restaurant. They wore ripped or scruffy clothes, T-shirts with provocative slogans, and studs or safety pins as jewellery. Ethnic, Indian-inspired jewellery and clothes were in, with flared denim jeans and loose tops with flowery or psychedelic patterns.
Unit 3
puberty (n) U punk (n) C quiff (n) C range (v) rejection (n) C / U requirement (n) C riot (n) C rough (adj) safety pin (n) C scruffy (adj) skinny (adj) slogan (n) C sneer (v) spot (n) C spotlight (n) C / U stream (n) C stud (n) C studded (adj) stunning (adj) susceptible to (adj) \"pjubti\ \pNk\ \kwIf\ \reIndZ\ \rI"dZekSn\ \rI"kwaImnt\ \"raIt\ \rf\ \"seIfti pIn\ \"skrf i\ \"skIni\ \"slUgn\ \"snI\ \spt\ \"sptlaIt\ \strim\ \std\ \"stdId\ \"stnIN\ \s"septbl tu\ Pubertt Punk Tolle; Stirnlocke Angebotspalette Ablehnung
swear (v)
\swe\
fluchen; schimpfen
The Sex Pistols shocked the country with their appearance and their swearing.
Unit 3
syndrome (n) C \"sIndrUm\ Syndrom
tabloid (n) C tanned (adj) tight (adj) treat (v) tribe (n) C velvet (n) U waistcoat (n) C wide-collared (adj) worship (v) / (n) U
Boulevardzeitung sonnengebrunt eng behandeln Stamm Samt Weste mit breitem Kragen anbeten; Andacht(sort)
Everyone from tabloid journalists to make-up artists comments on every aspect of your face and body. A tanned, healthy complexion is very attractive. She was wearing a tight, black T-shirt with the word Lost in blood-red letters. Some people treated me like an airhead cos I was a model. Punks were just one phase of a series of youth tribes, each distinguished by different clothes, hairstyles and tastes in music. Teds wore knee-length velvet jackets. They also wore flowery waistcoats. They wore the flowery waistcoats with wide-collared shirts. It was often thought that Goths worshipped the devil. Synagogues are a place of worship for Jewish people.
Unit 4
Word building
anxiety (n) C anxious (adj) caution (n) U cautious (adj) fear (n) C fearful (adj) fearless (adj) harm (n) U harmful (adj) harmless (adj) reason (n) C reasonable (adj) risk (n) C risky (adj) unreasonable (adj) \N"zaIti\ \"NkSs\ \"kOSn\ \"kOSs\ \fI\ \"fIf l\ \"fIls\ \hAm\ \"hAmf l\ \"hAmls\ \"rizn\ \"riznbl\ \rIsk\ \"rIski\ \n"riznbl\ Sorgen besorgt; ngstlich Vorsicht vorsichtig Angst ngstlich
Try not to show your anxiety in front of your children. Children of phobics are more likely to be fearful and anxious. Caution is careful thought in order to try and avoid risks or danger. Parents need to be careful not to be too cautious. Claustrophobia is the fear of enclosed spaces. The capacity to be anxious or fearful depends on a chemical balance in the brain. Someone who is fearless is not afraid of anyone or anything. Harm is injury or damage caused to someone or something. The only thing I do that is harmful to my health is smoke. I know frogs are basically harmless but I dont like touching them. The main reason shes invited me is that shes got to take her final test when I go out. Someone or something that is reasonable is sensible. A phobia is far out of proportion to the risk a situation involves. Something that is risky is slightly dangerous. A phobia is an intense, unreasonable fear of a thing or situation.
furchtlos; ohne Angst Verletzung; Schaden schdlich harmlos Grund vernnftig Risiko riskant unvernnftig; bertrieben
Word class
abolish (v) abolition (n) U brave (adj) bravery (n) U courage (n) U courageous (adj) disobedience (n) U disobey (v) equal (adj) equality (n) U \"blIS\ \b"lISn\ \breIv\ \"breIvri\ \"krIdZ\ \k"reIdZs\ \dIs"bidins\ \dIs"bI\ \"ikwl\ \I"kwlti\ abschaffen Abschaffung tapfer Tapferkeit Mut; Courage mutig Ungehorsam nicht gehorchen gleich Gleichheit Slavery was officially abolished in the USA in 1865. One of Martin Luther Kings aims was the abolition of poverty. Rosa Parkss brave decision marked the beginning of the American Civil Rights Movement. Bravery is brave behaviour. Black people had the moral courage to stand up for their rights. Someone who is courageous is brave. It is through disobedience that progress has been made. Blacks had been arrested for disobeying drivers in the past. The Civil Rights Bill granted equal rights to all American citizens. The Civil Rights Movement fought for liberty and equality.
Unit 4
free (adj) freedom (n) C liberate (v) liberty (n) C slave (n) C slavery (n) U \fri\ \"fridm\ \"lIbreIt\ \"lIbti\ \sleIv\ \"sleIvri\ frei Freiheit befreien Freiheit Sklave(in) Sklaverei
Homophones
bare (adj) bear (n) C coarse (adj) course (n) C ensure (v) hole (n) C insure (v) plain (adj) plane (n) C pray (v) prey (n) C principal (adj) principle (n) C tail (n) C tale (n) C whole (adj) \be\ \be\ \kOs\ \kOs\ \In"SO\ \hUl\ \In"SO\ \pleIn\ \pleIn\ \preI\ \preI\ \"prInspl\ \"prInspl\ \teIl\ \teIl\ \hUl\ blo Br derb; ungehobelt Gang sicherstellen Loch versichern einfach Flugzeug beten Beute hauptschlich Prinzip Schwanz Erzhlung ganz He picks the snake up with his bare hands and throws it in the sack. Goldilocks is a story about a little girl who goes into a house belonging to a bear family. Coarse language is rude or offensive language. We had a three-course meal at a nice restaurant. We need to ensure that we give people the right antidote. The rain came through a hole in the roof. The rain came through a hole in the roof and we had forgotten to insure against water damage. You can have fried rattlesnake, rattlesnake kebabs or just plain baked rattlesnake. Some passengers began to pray as the plane took off. Some passengers began to pray as the plane took off. Rattlesnakes generally swallow their prey whole. The films use of coarse language was my principal reason for not liking it. Dont move and hell stay still too. In principle, anyway! The rattle on the end of the tail is a warning signal. Goldilocks is a childrens tale about a little girl who goes into a house belonging to a bear family. Im getting tired of the whole thing.
Unit 4
acupuncture (n) U AGM (n) C agony (n) U antidote (n) C antivenin (n) C arena (n) C \"kjUpNktS\ \eI dZi "em\ \"gni\ \"ntIdUt\ \ntI"vnIn\ \"rin\ Akupunktur Jahresversammlung Schmerzen; Qualen Gegenmittel Gegengift Arena
assertive (adj) award (v) back (v) bake (v) balance (n) C boost (v) bossy (adj) boycott (n) C break down (v) bust (v) buzz (n) C conditioned (adj) confront (v) cookout (n) C culminate (v)
\"stIv\ \"wOd\ \bk\ \beIk\ \"blns\ \bust\ \"bsi\ \"bOIkt\ \brIk "daUn\ \bst\ \bz\ \kn"dISnd\ \kn"frnt\ \"kUkaUt\ \"klmInIt\
sich beahuptend; selbstbewusst auszeichnen untersttzen backen Gleichgewicht steigern kommandiert gerne herum Boykott eine Panne haben bekmpfen; abbauen Hoch; Hhepunkt konditioniert; angewhnt konfrontieren Kochen am Lagerfeuer gipfeln; kulminieren
An assertive person is confident without being aggressive. In 1964 Martin Luther King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. A huge number of people decided to back the bus boycott. You can have fried rattlesnake, rattlesnake kebabs or just plain baked rattlesnake. The capacity to be anxious or fearful depends on a chemical balance in the brain. A gladiator course is supposed to be the latest thing in confidence boosting. A bossy person tries to take control of a situation and can be very irritating. Her arrest sparked a mass boycott on the city buses. Some people never take a lift in case it breaks down. Yeah, well its supposed to be the latest thing in stress busting and confidence boosting. She got a real adrenaline buzz the first time she fought in front of an audience. A phobia is a conditioned reflex. But I think thats the whole point, you know, confront your fears and all that. This is agricultural land, cotton and cattle, rodeos and cookouts. Ten years of civil rights protests culminated in the signing of the Civil Rights Bill.
Unit 4
daunting (adj) deep-fried (adj) defy (v) distress (n) domineering (adj) drop in (v) enclosed (adj) establish (v) fairy tale (n) C fang (n) C fine (v) folks (n pl) frail (adj) genetic (adj) gladiator (n) C gradual (adj) grant (v) herpetologist (n) C homeless (n) pl hypnosis (n) U in a hurry interstate (adj) medium-rare (adj) \"dOntIN\ \dip "fraId\ \dI"faI\ \dI"stres\ \dmI"nIrIN\ \drp "In\ \in"klUzd\ \I"stblIS\ \"feri teIl\ \fN\ \faIn\ \fUks\ \freIl\ \dZ"netIk\ \"gldieIt\ \"grdZul\ \grant\ \hp"tldZIst\ \"hUmls\ \hIp"nUsIs\ \in "hri\ \"IntsteIt\ \midim"re\ entmutigend fritiert sich widersetzen Kummer dominierend vorbeischauen abgeschlossen bilden; aufbauen Mrchen Giftzahn zu einer Geldstrafe verurteilen Leute zerbrechlich genetisch (bedingt) Gladiator allmhlich gewhren Reptilienkunde Obdachlose(r) Hypnose in Eile
Unit 4
needle (n) C openness (n) U overemphasize (v) oversleep (v) overturn (v) pass down (v) phobia (n) C privilege (n) C proceeds (n pl) prone to rancher (n) C rattle (n) C rattler (n) C rattlesnake (n) C rave about (sth) (v) reflex (n) C regain (v) regardless (adv) reserved (adj) reverend (n) C \"nidl\ \Upnns\ \Uvr"emfsaIz\ \"Uv"slip\ \Uv"tn\ \pAs "daUn\ \"fUbI\ \"prIvlIdZ\ \"prUsidz\ \"prUn tu\ \"rAntS\ \"rtl\ \"rtl\ \"rtlsneIk\ \"reIv baUt\ \"rifleks\ \rI"geIn\ \rI"gAdls\ \rI"zvd\ \"revrnd\ Nadel Offenheit berbetonen verschlafen umstrzen weitergeben Phobie Privileg Erls; Einnahmen neigen zu
reverse (v) rodeo (n) C rope (sb) into (sth) roundup (n) C
The best treatment for a phobia is to reverse the conditioning. This is agricultural land, cotton and cattle, rodeos and cookouts. I cant believe shes roped you into it too, Suzi. Campaigners are trying to get rattlesnake roundups banned.
Unit 4
rule (v) sacking (n) C scout (n) C segregation (n) U self-assured (adj) short-changed (adj) spark (v) stand up for starve (v) stiff (adj) strike (sb) as sword (n) C toga (n) C treat (sb) (v) trigger (n) C tunic (n) C venom (n) C venue (n) C weigh-in (n) C well-done (adj) \rul\ \"skIN\ \skaUt\ \segr"geISn\ \self"SOd\ \SOt"tSeIndZd\ \spAk\ \stnd "p fO\ \stAv\ \stIf\ \"straIk z\ \sOd\ \"tUg\ \trit\ \"trIg\ \"tjunIk\ \"venm\ \"venju\ \"weIIn\ \wel"dn\ entscheiden; urteilen Einsacken Pfadfinder Rassentrennung selbstbewusst
Unit 5
Art
abstract (adj) collection (n) C conceptual (adj) dealer (n) C exhibition (n) C figurative (adj) landscape (n) C mural (n) C patron (n) C portrait (n) C sculpture (n) C self-portrait (n) C still life (n) C \"bstrkt\ \k"lekSn\ \kn"septSul\ \"dil\ \eksI"bISn\ \"fIgrtIv\ \"lndskeIp\ \"mjUrl\ \"peItrn\ \"pOtrIt\ \"sklptS\ \self"pOtrIt\ \stIl laIf\ abstrakt Sammlung konzeptionell Hndler Ausstellung figrlich; bildlich Landschaft Wandbild Mzen Portrait Skulptur Selbstbildnis Stillleben
Was she a figurative or an abstract painter? Which gallery or museum in your country has the biggest collection of fine art? Orlans work is conceptual rather than figurative. An art dealer is someone who buys and sells works of art. Do you ever go to art exhibitions? Orlans work is conceptual rather than figurative. Do you prefer landscapes, still lifes or portraits? Are there any large sculptures or murals in the streets and squares of your town? Vermeer had not been planning to paint Griet but he complied with his patrons request. In general, do you prefer landscapes, still lifes or portraits? Are there any large sculptures or murals in your town? Her self-portraits are her most recognizable paintings. In general, do you prefer landscapes, still lifes or portraits?
-ever words
however whatever whenever wherever whoever \haU"ev\ \wt"ev\ \wen"ev\ \wer"ev\ \hu"ev\ wie auch immer was immer immer wenn wohin auch immer wer auch immer How shall we get there? Taxi? However you suggest. They can think whatever they like. Whenever we unveil a work of art, people always get together and talk about it. Wherever you go, you see large public arts projects. Who shall we invite with us? Whoever you like, youre paying.
Phrasal verbs
come up with live up to \km "p wID\ \lIv "p tu\ aufwarten mit erfllen In the mid 1990s Oprah came up with the idea of a book club. Not enough contemporary novels lived up to her expectations.
Unit 5
put (sb/sth) off set up take to turn (sb) away turn (sth) down turn out \pUt "f\ \set "p\ \"teIk tu\ \tn "weI\ \tn "daUn\ \tn "aUt\ abschrecken grnden
Unit 5
colossal (adj) commission (n) C commit suicide comply (v) controversy (n) C conviction (n) C cover (n) C craze (n) C curator (n) C dangle (v) deafen (v) depression (n) U detention centre (n) C disbelief (n) U elitist (adj) exhibit (v) faint (v) falter (v) farce (n) C focal point (n) C forehead (n) C fuel (v) godsend (n) grab (v) greet (v) \k"lsl\ \k"mISn\ \kmIt "suIsaId\ \km"plaI\ \"kntrvrsi; kn"trvsi\ \kn"vIkSn\ \"kv\ \kreIz\ \kjU"reIt\ \"dNgl\ \"defn\ \dI"preSn\ \dI"tenSn sent\ \dIsbI"lif\ \I"litIst\ \Ig"zIbIt\ \feInt\ \"fOlt\ \fAs\ \"fUkl pOInt\ \"frId; "fOhed\ \"fjul\ \"gdsend\ \grb\ \grit\ Verurteilung Umschlag; Einband groe Mode kolossal Auftrag Selbstmord begehen befolgen; nachgeben Kontroverse
Unit 5
hallway (n) C have an affair honour (v) influential (adj) jug (n) C juvenile (adj) lie on (v) life-size (adj) maid (n) C needle (n) C negotiate (v) network (n) C nominate (v) nosedive (v) operating theatre (n) C organic (adj) overly (adv) overpowering (adj) perfectionist (n) C prestigious (adj) provoke (v) put forward (v) \"hOlweI\ \hv n "fe\ \"n\ \Influ"enSl\ \dZg\ \"dZuvnaIl\ \"laI n\ \"laIfsaIz\ \meId\ \"nidl\ \nI"gUSieIt\ \"netwk\ \"nmIneIt\ \"nUzdaIv\ \"preItIN TIt\ \O"gnIk\ \"Uvli\ \Uv"paUrIN\ \p"fekSnIst\ \pre"stIdZs\ \pr"vUk\ \pUt "fOwd\ Gang; Diele; Flur eine Affre haben ehren einflussreich Krug Jugendliegen auf lebensgro Dienstmdchen Nadel aushandeln Sendernetz nominieren
Unit 5
quote (n) C rate (n) C recover (v) regime (n) C release (v) resemble (sb) (v) retire (v) sabre (n) C satellite (n) C scandal (n) C set about (v) single (sth/sb) out (v) siren (n) C slight (adj) slip (v) slot (n) C smarten (sth) up (v) stain (n) C stardom (n) U steel (n) U stench (n) U \kwUt\ \reIt\ \rI"kv\ \reI"Zim\ \rI"lis\ \rI"zembl\ \rI"taI\ \"seIb\ \"stlaIt\ \"skndl\ \set "baUt\ \"sINgl aUt\ \"saIrn\ \slaIt\ \slIp\ \slt\ \smAtn\ \steIn\ \"stAdm\ \stil\ \stentS\ zitieren Zeit; Tempo
Unit 5
sting (v) strict (adj) surgical (adj) suspend (v) \stIN\ \strIkt\ \"sdZIkl\ \s"spend\ stechen strikt; streng Operationsaufheben; einstellen
take over (v) talented (adj) tireless (adj) unveil (v) vending machine (n) C viewer (n) C worldwide (adj)
Oprah worked as a TV reporter before taking over a Chicago talk show. She was a talented child but no one thought her life would turn out such a success. She is a tireless campaigner against child abuse. The hospital recently unveiled a sculpture outside the entrance. There were broken down vending machines everywhere the place was awful. Her TV talk show is watched by over thirty million viewers. The short-listed authors are guaranteed a worldwide readership.
Unit 6
Elections
ballot paper (n) C candidate (n) C constituency (n) C general election (n) C Member of Parliament (n) C polling station (n) C stand for (v) turnout (n) C \"blt peIp\ \"kndIdeIt; \"kndIdt\ \kn"stItjUnsi\ \dZenrl I"lekSn\ \memb v "pAlmnt\ \"pUlIN steISn\ \"stnd fO\ \"tnaUt\ Stimmzettel Kandidat(in) Wahlkreis Parlamentswahlen Abgeordnete(r) Wahllokal kandidieren Wahlbeteiligung
The result of the election is an announced when the ballot papers have been counted. Voters may choose only one candidate. Britain is divided into about 650 constituencies. General elections usually take place every four years in Britain. Each district elects one Member of Parliament (MP). The polling stations close at the end of the day. Arnie cannot stand for president unless the law is changed. Voting is not compulsory and the turnout is sometimes very low.
Embarrassment
acutely (adv) ashamed (adj) bright (adj) blush (v) humiliating (adj) self-conscious (adj) squirm (v) \"kjutli\ \"SeImd\ \braIt\ \blS\ \hju"mIlieItIN\ \self "knSs\ \skwm\ akut sich schmen knall(rot) errten erniedrigend befangen; gehemmt sich winden She was acutely embarrassed every time her parents opened their mouths. Dont be ashamed of making mistakes. He went bright red when he realized hed forgotten his wallet. I always blush when my tummy makes a funny noise. I find it really humiliating that I cant find a job. Shes very self-conscious about her haircut. He squirmed with embarrassment when his phone went off during the film.
-isms
ageism elitism idealism nationalism optimism \"eIdZIzm\ \I"litIzm\ \aI"dIlIzm\ \"nSnlIzm\ \"ptImIzm\ Altersdiskriminierung Elitedenken Idealismus Nationalismus Optimismus Ageism is the practice of treating older people in an unfair way. Elitism is the belief that a small group of people with advantages should keep the most power and influence. Idealism is a strong belief in something which is good but probably impossible to achieve. Nationalism is the belief that your country is better than other countries. Optimism is the tendency to be hopeful and to expect good things to happen.
Unit 6
pacifism pessimism racism realism sexism socialism \"psIfIzm\ \"pesmIzm\ \"reIsIzm\ \"rIlIzm\ \"seksIzm\ \"sUSlIzm\ Pazifismus Pessimismus Rassismus Realismus Sexismus Sozialismus
Unit 6
chairman (n) C chancellor (n) C childcare (n) U close range commit to (v) competent (adj) compulsory (adj) condescending (adj) constitution (n) C cruise (v) deputy leader (n) C deserve (v) determine (v) disagreement (n) C disastrously (adv) discrimination (n) U dismissal (n) C dollar bill (n) C embodiment (n) C engineer (n) C fair (adj) foot and mouth disease (n) U fuss (n) U \"tSemn\ \"tSAnsl\ \"tSaIldke\ \klUs "reIndZ\ \k"mIt tu\ \"kmpItnt\ \km"plsri\ \kndI"sendIN\ \knstI"tjuSn\ \kruz\ \depjUti "lid\ \dI"zv\ \dI"tmIn\ \dIs"grimnt\ \dI"zAstrsli\ \dIskrImI"neISn\ \dIs"mIsl\ \dl "bIl\ \Im"bdImnt\ \endZI"nI\ \fe\ \fUt n "maUT dIziz\ \fs\ Vorsitzender Kanzler Kinderbetreuung aus nchster Nhe kompetent Pflicht herablassend Verfassung
sich einer Sache verpflichten Arnie was committed to making a career for himself as an actor.
einen leichten Sieg erringen With the government cruising to another victory, the General Election
Unit 6
give (sb) the sack governor (n) C graduate (n) C grounds (n pl) have your sights set on have your way (v) heel (n) C horrified (adj) issue (n) C laddish (adj) launch (n) C liability (n) C macho (adj) magnum (n) C make history (v) \gIv D "sk\ \"gvn\ \"grdZut\ \graUndz\ \hv "saIts set n\ \hv weI\ \hil\ \"hrIfaId\ \"ISu\ \"ldIS\ \lOntS\ \laI"bIlti\ \"mtSU\ \"mgnm\ \meIk "hIstri\ entlassen; feuern Gouverneur
Universittsabsolvent(in) Begrndung etwas im Visier haben bekommen, was man will Absatz entsetzt Frage; Angelegenheit
make matters worse memo (n) C mess (sth) up (v) object to (sth) (v) offensive (adj) on purpose (adv) outbreak (n) C outcome (n) C
\meIk mtz "ws\ \"memU\ \mes "p\ \b"dZekt tu\ \"fensIv\ \n "pps\ \"aUtbreIk\ \"aUtkm\
die Sache noch schlimmer machen Memo; Notiz vermasseln Einwnde haben gegen beleidigend absichtlich Ausbruch Endergebnis
He made matters worse by attempting to be friends with Mr Oelschlager. He obviously hadnt read the memos about age discrimination. Frank has really messed it up big time. People object to the quota system because they say that it is another form of discrimination. I find the idea of quotas, as a woman, condescending and offensive. Poor Frank. I mean, its not as if he did it on purpose. He was protesting about the governments lack of support for farmers during an outbreak of foot and mouth disease. Were not really arguing about the end, the outcome, its about how we get there.
Unit 6
oversee (v) pour (v) press charges (v) proceedings (n pl) \Uv"si\ \pO\ \pres "tSAdZz\ \pr"sidINz\ berwachen einschenken Anzeige erstatten
promptly (adv) prospect (n) C punch (v) quota system (n) C red-faced (adj) refer to sth (v) resign (v) right (n) C run for office scribble (v) secretarial (adj) show promise spark (n) C spin doctor (n) C stable (adj) stand by (v)
\"prmptli\ \"prspekt\ \pntS\ \"kwUt sIstm\ \red"feIst\ \rI"f tu\ \rI"zaIn\ \raIt\ \rn f "fIs\ \"skrIbl\ \sekr"teril\ \SU "prmIs\ \spAk\ \"spIn dkt\ \"steIbl\ \stnd baI\
prompt Chance mit der Faust schlagen Quotensystem mit rotem Kopf bezeichnen zurcktreten Recht fr ein Amt kandidieren kritzeln als Sekretr(in) vielversprechend sein Funken Imageberater(in) stabil zu jmd stehen
Instead of brushing it off with a false smile, he wheeled around and promptly punched his assailant full in the face. Good promotion prospects. Prescott turned around and punched his assailant in the face. If only theyd introduced the quota system earlier! A red-faced Gloystein made matters worse by attempting to be friendswith the man. The quota system is sometimes referred to as positive discrimination. A spokesman confirmed that Gloystein had resigned from his various posts. Cleveland would be horrified to know that women had the right to vote. They are campaigning for a US born outside the United States to run for office. Frank scribbled something down and didnt think to ask anyone to check it. The ideal candidate will have excellent secretarial skills, a good phone manner and a smart appearance. Arnie trained hard with his local team and showed promise. John Prescott, the deputy prime minister, brought a spark of life to proceedings. The spin doctors of Prescotts party squirmed with embarrassment. A long, stable relationship certainly helps win votes. They may not share political views (Maria is a Democrat and Arnie has always stood under a Republican banner) but she always stands by him.
Unit 6
step aside (v) suffragette (n) C supervise (v) sure as hell tackle (v) \"step "saId\ \sfr"dZet\ \"supvaIz\ \SO z "hel\ \"tkl\ beiseite treten
mit Trnen in den Augen nicht politisch korrekt Sieg sich schnell umdrehen
A tearful Oelschlager refused the offer. Anne thinks Frank is a sexist pig and totally un-PC. With the government cruising to another victory, the General Election campaign was of little interest. Prescott wheeled around and punched his assailant in the face.
Unit 7
The environment
climate change (n) U exhaust fume (n) pl fossil fuel (n) C global warming (n) C greenhouse gas(n) C organic food (n) U solar panel (n) pl wind farm (n) C \"klaImt tSeIndZ\ \Ig"zOst fjum\ \"fsl fjul\ \glUbl "wOmIN\ \grinhaUs "gs\ \OgnIk "fud\ \sUl "pnl\ \"wInd fAm\ Klimawandel Auspuffgase fossiler Brennstoff Erwrmung der Erdatmosphre Treibhausgas Biokost Sonnenkollektor Windpark
Clean energy may be a way to deal with climate change. Diesel exhaust fumes may cause chronic asthma. Fossil fuels account for about 85% of world energy consumption. Global warming could cause sea levels to rise dramatically. Greenhouse gases like CO2 are a serious cause for concern. Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world. Spain wants to make solar panels compulsory in new buildings. Wind farms are best in coastal areas where the wind is strong and reliable.
auf den Geschmack kommen Children will develop a taste for increasingly complicated computer games.
Unit 7
Other words & phrases
account for (v) a host of all the rage appliance (n) C approve (v) asthma (n) U backpack (n) C bare bones (n pl) barrier (n) C beachwear (n) U blanket (n) C bleach (v) bleed (v) block (v) breeze (n) C carbon (n) U charger (n) C charming (adj) chronic (adj) cooker (n) U crop (n) C \"kaUnt fO\ \ "hUst v\ \Ol D "reIdZ\ \"plaIns\ \"pruv\ \"sm\ \"bkpk\ \be bUnz\ \"bri\ \"bitSwe\ \"blNkIt\ \blitS\ \blid\ \blk\ \briz\ \"kAbn\ \"tSAdZ\ \"tSAmIN\ \"krnIk\ \"kUk\ \krp\ ausmachen Menge; Masse von der letzte Schrei Gert akzeptieren Asthma Rucksack hier: Gerst Barriere; Hindernis Badesachen Decke bleichen bluten blockieren Brise Kohlenstoff Ladegert reizend chronisch Herd Anbaupflanze
Fossil fuels currently account for about 85 percent of world energy consumption. As always therell be a host of new fashion ideas. Virtual workouts will be all the rage. In the kitchen, to name but two, hi-tech appliances will be revolutionised. Her mother never approved of her husband. Diesel exhaust fumes may cause chronic asthma. You can fold away and put in your backpack when you go camping. Well, first of all were stripping the house down to its bare bones: brick walls and bare floorboards. In our first session we pinpointed the main barriers to her stopping smoking. Beachwear for children will warn parents to get kids out of the sun when its too hot. Soft furnishings like blankets and cushions will flash warning signals to the elderly. The final fabric is bleached, dyed and sprayed with a fire retardant. Winston cut his arm and was bleeding. Explore the problems and barriers blocking the clients way. Thanks to virtual phones you could walk on a virtual beach and enjoy the Pacific breeze. British inventors have found a way to extract carbon from used car tyres to make printer ink. Made by the Dutch firm, Soldius, this solar charger can power up a mobile phone in a couple of hours. Greywater is used for flushing the toilet. Charming! This causes widescale water pollution, chronic illness in farmworkers, and devastating effects on wildlife. The Solar Sizzler is a solar-powered cooker that concentrates the suns ray to create heat. Cotton is one of the most environmentally damaging crops in the world.
Unit 7
cut down on (v) damp (adj) darling (n) decorate (v) delightful (adj) devastating (adj) diesel (n) U double glazing (n) U drill (n) C dump (v) dust (n) U dye (v) / (n) C emission (n) C \kt daUn n\ \dmp\ \"dAlIN\ \"dekreIt\ \dI"laItfl\ \"devsteItIN\ \"dizl\ \dbl "gleIzIN\ \drIl\ \dmp\ \dst\ \daI\ \I"mISn\ reduzieren feucht Liebling renovieren entzckend verheerend Diesel Doppelverglasung Bohrmaschine abladen Staub
erect (v) exert (v) extract (v) fabric (n) C fancy (v) fertiliser (n) C fittings (n pl) floorboard (n) C flush (v) foot the bill (v)
\I"rekt\ \Ig"zt\ \Ik"strkt\ \"fbrIk\ \"fnsi\ \"ftlaIz\ \"fItINz\ \"flObOd\ \flS\ \fUt D bIl\
bauen; aufstellen ausben extrahieren Gewebe; Stoff mgen; Lust haben auf Dngemittel Armaturen Diele; Bohle splen die Rechnung begleichen
Plans to erect a wind farm on the Isle of Skye have provoked complaints from residents. Do you feel that there is any pressure on you to conform to a particular lifestyle? If yes, who or what exerts that pressure? British inventors have found a way to extract carbon from used car tyres to make printer ink. The final fabric is bleached, dyed and sprayed with a fire retardant. Fancy a run along your favourite beach? Itll all be possible from the comfort of your own gym. Organic cotton is grown without using any chemical pesticides or fertilisers and the final cloth is unbleached and dyed with natural plant dyes. We dont really know when all the materials and fittings are going to be delivered. Winstons hired a sanding machine for sanding the floorboards. The greywater is used to flush the toilet. Local authorities will foot the bill for all householders who want to insulate their outside walls.
Unit 7
four wheeler (n) C frustrated (adj) furnishings (n) pl \fO "wil\ \fr"streItId\ \"fnISINz\ Allradler frustriert
genetically modified food (n) U \dZnetIkli mdIfaId "fud\ germ (n) C get in shape glove (n) C greywater tank (n) C guided tour (n) C guzzle (v) heat-sensitive (adj) helmet (n) C hire (v) hydro-electric (adj) icon (n) C ink (n) C insulation (n) C integrate (v) invariably (adv) kick (n) C kid (n) C kilt (n) C \dZm\ \get In "SeIp\ \glv\ \"greIwOt tNk\ \gaIdId "tU\ \"gzl\ \"hitsenstIv\ \"helmIt\ \"haI\ \haIdrUI"lektrIk\ \"aIkn\ \INk\ \insjU"leISn\ \"IntIgreIt\ \In"veribli\ \kIk\ \kId\ \kIlt\
Unit 7
laptop (n) C \"lptp\ Laptop
layer (n) C life coach (n) C lifestyle (n) U marine (adj) merchandise (n) pl moral support (n) s mutual (adj) neighbouring (adj) packaging (n) pl palm (n) C pathway (n) C pesticide (n) pinpoint (v) plumbing (n) pl plummet (v) pop in (v) portion (n) C power up (v)
\leI\ \"laIf kUtS\ \"laIfstaIl\ \m"rin\ \"mtSndaIs\ \mrl s"pOt\ \"mjutSul\ \"neIbrIN\ \"pkIdZIN\ \pAm\ \"pATweI\ \"pestIsaId\ \"pInpOInt\ \"plmIN\ \"plmIt\ \pp In\ \"pOSn\ \paU "p\
Lage Lebensberater(in) Lebensstil MeeresWaren; Gter moralische Untersttzung gemeinsam benachbart Verpackung Handflche Pfad; Fuweg Pestizid genau aufzeigen
Sweatshirts will show its time to put on another layer when its too cold. Brian Moffat is a life coach who helps people change their lives for the better. Local farmers welcome the wind farm as it will help subsidize their lifestyles. Engineers say the underwater turbines will have little impact on the marine life of the river. Her shopping website and lifestyle merchandise have made her a millionaire several times over. With Brians moral support, Ill have given up smoking by the end of the year. A mutual friend told her about me and she got in touch. Cancer rates in cotton-producing states are significantly higher than in neighbouring states. Advances in packaging technology mean that we will be able to keep food fresh for much longer. Well be able to read the football results on the palm of our gloves. Just one hour of sunlight will power the bricks for three nights, and they can be used for walls, roads and pathways. In developing countries, more than 50% of all pesticides used in agriculture are sprayed onto cotton fields. In our first session we pinpointed the main barriers to her stopping smoking.
Installation; Klempnerarbeit Hes going to need help with the wiring and the plumbing. strzen vorbeischauen Portion aufladen Second homeowners dont want to see the value of their holiday property plummeting. I was just passing and I thought Id pop in and see how the works going. Mini portions will be more and more fashionable. Made by the Dutch firm, Soldius, this solar charger can power up a mobile phone in a couple of hours.
Unit 7
PVC (n) U razor (n) C recycle (v) refine (v) remote (adj) retardant (n) C rubble (n pl) sanding machine (n) C sarong (n) C seaweed (n pl) self-cleaning (adj) shave (v) sledgehammer (n) C smash up (v) spray (v) step-by-step (adj) strip (v) subsidize (v) supplement (n) C SUV (n) C take (sth) to pieces tank (n) C tasty (adj) thermos bag (n) C \pi vi "si\ \"reIz\ \ri"saIkl\ \rI"faIn\ \rI"mUt\ \rI"tAdnt\ \"rbl\ \"sndIN mSin\ \s"rN\ \"siwid\ \self"klinIN\ \SeIv\ \"sledZhm\ \smS "p\ \spreI\ \stepbaI"step\ \strIp\ \"sbsIdaIz\ \"splImnt\ \es ju "vi\ \teIk t "pisz\ \tNk\ \"teIsti\ \"Tms bg\ PVC Rasierapparat recyceln raffinieren abgelegen Hemmmittel Schutt
Schmirgelschleifmaschine Sarong
Unit 7
throw a party tile (n) C tip (n) C truck (n) C tunnel (n) C turbine (n) C tyre (n) C underwater (adj) watch out for widescale (adj) willpower (n) U wiring (n) pl \TrU "pAti\ \taIl\ \tIp\ \trk\ \"tnl\ \"tbaIn\ \"taI\ \nd"wOt\ \wtS "aUt fO\ \waIdskeIl\ \"wIlpaU\ \"waIrIN\ Fliese; Kachel Tipp Lastwagen Tunnel Turbine Reifen Unterwasser-
Unit 8
Symptoms
ache (n) C backache (n) C hacking cough (n) C high temperature (n) C rash (n) C run-down (adj) runny nose (n) C sore throat (n) C stiff muscles (n) C throbbing headache (n) C upset stomach (n) C \eIk\ \"bkeIk\ \hkIN "kf\ \haI "temprItS\ \rS\ \rn"daUn\ \rni "nUz\ \sO "TrUt\ \stIf "mslz\ \TrbIN "hedeIk\ \pset "stmk\ Schmerz Rckenschmerz(en) trockener Husten hohe Temperatur Ausschlag mde; erschpft triefende Nase rauher Hals steife Muskeln
An ache is a pain in a part of your body. Workers are starting to sue their companies for chronic backache. Ive got a hacking cough and a sore throat. Symptoms of a heavy cold are a headache, sore throat and a high temperature. Ive had an upset stomach and a strange rash on my face since we went to that restaurant. I feel tired and generally run-down. Ive had a really runny nose for the last few days. Ive got a hacking cough and a sore throat. All my muscles feel really stiff and my back aches. I woke up with a high temperature and a throbbing headache. Ive had an upset stomach since we went to that restaurant.
Health idioms
at deaths door theres a bug going around give (sb) a clean bill of health go down with (sth) in good shape my back was killing me \t deTs "dO\ \Dez "bg gUIN raUnd\ \gIv klin bIl v "helT\ \gU daUn wID\ \In gUd "SeIp\ \maI bk wz "kIlIN mi\ kurz vorm Abkratzen da geht was zur Zeit um fr gesund erklren an etwas erkranken in guter Verfassung mein Rcken hat mir hllisch wehgetan The next day I felt worse and thought I was at deaths door. There was a bug going around so I thought I was going down with something. The doctor gave me a clean bill of health and said I was fine. There was a bug going round so I thought I was going down with something. The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me that I was in good shape. My back was killing me so I went to the doctors.
Unit 8
put (sth) off put (sb) up to (sth) sort (sth) out tell (sb) off pUt "f\ \pUt "p t\ \sOt "aUt\ \tel "f\ verschieben anstiften in Ordnung bringen schimpfen
Unit 8
colour therapy (n) C come across (v) compensation (n) C concern (n) C consultation (n) C cordless (adj) couch potato (n) C counter-argument (n) C counterbalance (v) cure (v) deathbed (n) U deliver a baby diagnosis (n) C disrupt (v) ease (v) energize (v) entitled (adj) ergonomics (n pl) essential oil (n) C fitness freak (n) C flu (n) U fluorescent (adj) \"kl Terpi\ \km "krs\ \kmpn"seISn\ \kn"sn\ \knsl"teISn\ \"kOdls\ \kaUtS p"teItU\ \"kaUnt "AgjUmnt\ \"kaUntblns\ \kjU\ \"deTbed\ \dIlIv "beIbi\ \daIg"nUsIs\ \dIs"rpt\ \iz\ \"endZaIz\ \In"taItld\ \g"nmIks\ \I"senSl OIl\ \"fItns frik\ \f lu\ \f l"resnt\ Farbentherapie auf andere wirken Entschdigung Besorgnis drahtlos Dauerglotzer Gegenargument ausgleichen; ein
Gegengewicht bilden heilen; kurieren Sterbebett ein Baby zur Welt bringen
Unit 8
fly off the handle go off (your) food GP (n) C \f laI f D "hndl\ \gU f fud\ \dZi "pi\ ausflippen; ausrasten Hausarzt / -rztin
grumble (v) happy medium (n) U healing (adj) heighten (v) hot toddy (n) C house (v) hypnosis (n) U hypochondria (n) U hypochondriac (n) C
\"grmbl\ \"hpi "midim\ \"hilIN\ \"haItn\ \ht "tdi\ \haUz\ \hIp"nUsIs\ \haIpU"kndri\ \haIpU"kndrik\
murren; schimpfen goldener Mittelweg heilend steigern heier Grog unterbringen Hypnose Hypochondrie Hypochonder
Im sick and tired of your bad moods and your grumbling. Decide what you think is an acceptable happy medium for each pair of positions. The green light, as well as fighting irritability, also has a healing effect on the body. Yellow heightens motivation and orange stimulates creativity. The hot toddy is specially prepared by someone who claims to love you. The offices were housed in an old building. Hypnosis can work as a kind of therapy to improve healing. Hypochondria is your only problem, he said. Hypochondriacs may enjoy identifying a hundred possible explanations for why they feel at deaths door, but the only sensible course of action remains a visit to your GP.
immunity (n) U insurance policy (n) C irritable (adj) junk food addict (n) C lavatory (n) C leftover (adj) melodramatic (adj) migraine (n) C moan (v) moody (adj) morale (n) U negligence (n) U osteopath (n) C painkiller (n) C
\I"mjunti\ \In"SUrns "plsi\ \"IrItbl\ \"dZNk fud dIkt\ \"lvtri\ \"leftUv\ \meldr"mtIk\ \"migreIn; "maIgreIn\ \mUn\ \"mudi\ \m"rAl\ \"neglIdZns\ \"stiUpT\ \"peInkIl\
Immunitt Versicherungspolice gereizt Junk-Food-Schtige(r) Toilette brig geblieben melodramatisch Migrne jammern launisch Moral Nachlssigkeit Osteopath(in) Schmerzmittel
Essential oils can reduce stress and boost immunity. Some American doctors do not want to perform operations because they cannot afford the insurance policies. The pain was making him irritable and moody. A junk food addict eats a lot of fast food. Youll be on your feet, but youll be running quickly for the lavatory. They make country soup by feeding leftover vegetables into a blender. Try not to come across as too melodramatic. A migraine is a very severe headache. Im sick and tired of your bad moods and your moaning. The pain was making him irritable and moody. The firm was experiencing problems with staff illness and low morale. The doctor was judged guilty of clinical negligence. Buy a new chair for your desk, make an appointment with the osteopath. The doctor will be able to prescribe some painkillers.
Unit 8
pampering (n) U paracetamol (n) C / U \"pmprIN\ \pr"sitml\ Verhtschelung Paracetamol
physiotherapist (n) C prescribe (v) put aside (v) raging fever (n) C reflexology (n) U renewed (adj) repetitive stress injury (n) U revitalize (v) sickness (n) C skip (v) snap (v) sneeze (v) sniff (v) spectrum (n) C spinal (adj) splitting headache (n) C staggering (adj) starve (v) stress-related (adj)
\"fIziU"TerpIst\ \prI"skraIb\ \pUt "saId\ \reIdZIN "f iv\ \rIf lek"sldZi\ \rI"njud\ \rI"pettIv stres "IndZri\ \ri"vaItlaIz\ \"sIkns\ \skIp\ \snp\ \sniz\ \snIf\ \"spektrm\ \"spaInl\ \splItIN "hedeIk\ \"stgrIN\ \stav\ \"stresrIleItId\
Physiotherapeut(in) verschreiben beiseite legen hohes Fieber Reflexologie erneuert sich wiederholende Belastungsverletzung revitalisieren; neu beleben Erbrechen fernbleiben von anschnauzen niesen schniefen Spektrum Wirbelsuleschlimme Kopfschmerzen verblffend; erstaunlich aushungern stressbedingt; belastungsbedingt
I know a really good physiotherapist he does these special lower back massages. The doctor will be able to prescribe some painkillers. The British government is putting aside nearly three billion pounds in order to cover compensation claims. Saying youve got a temperature isnt enough; youve got to have a raging fever of 45C. Reflexology is a type of health treatment in which a persons hands or feet are rubbed in order to make them feel relaxed. The rest area doesnt just provide a break from work, but helps the staff go back to their desks with renewed energy and enthusiasm. Repetitive stress injuries and other workplace related illnesses. Not only does it help ease back pains, it also relieves built up tensions and revitalizes. The supplementary symptoms are sickness, achiness and a cough. Once youve got three out of six of the symptoms, you can call the boss and skip work. It makes you irritable and moody you get tired and snap at the kids. Try not to make too much noise when you sneeze. Every time shes got a cold she sniffs and sneezes all the time. Liz installed full-spectrum fluorescent lights. Osteopaths can do spinal manipulation. The doctor told me I was fine but I got a splitting headache that afternoon. Absenteeism has gone down by a staggering 30% and everyone seems to be much happier. Theres a saying feed a cold, starve a fever. With stress-related illness on the increase, more and more companies are turning to alternative therapies to help reduce the levels of stress in their workplace.
Unit 8
stroke (n) U Tai-chi (n) U tetchy (adj) the bush (n) U the outback (n) U tissue (n) C trace (n) C under-fire (adj) \strUk\ \taI"tSi\ \"tetSi\ \D bUS\ \Di "aUtbk\ \"tIsju\ \treIs\ \"ndfaI\ Schlaganfall Tai-chi leicht reizbar Busch Hinterland Papiertaschentuch Spur unter Beschuss
under the weather vegan (n) C wavelength (n) C wheelchair (n) C workload (n) C work-related (adj)
Ive been feeling under the weather and generally run down. A vegan doesnt eat any meat or dairy products. Full spectrum lights have all the colours and wavelengths of natural light. The stroke left him permanently disabled and requiring a wheelchair to leave his house. Increased workloads have led to shorter consultation times. The Office Doctors is one of a growing number of companies which claim they can reduce work-related stress by making workplaces healthier and happier.
Unit 9
Adjectives with prepositions
aware of connected to devoted to familiar with free from intent on involved in \"we v\ \k"nektId tu\ \dI"vUtId "tu\ \f"mIli wID\ \"fri frm\ \In"tent n\ \In"vlvd In\
einer Sache bewusst werden She suddenly became aware of a strange masked man behind her. in Verbindung mit gewidmet vertraut mit frei von bedacht auf verwickelt in Local people do not think Darren Hasell is connected to the man in the orange suit. His time has been devoted to improving the day-to-day life of the citizens of Tunbridge Wells. An experienced journalist is usually familiar with joke letters of this kind. Tunbridge Wells is generally free from serious crime. National newspapers were intent on publishing the story. The orange-suited Monkey Man has been involved in a number of incidents such as helping old ladies cross the road and putting litter in bins.
Three people were responsible for the Monkey Man joke. Some parts of the town are restricted to pedestrians. A spokesman for the local police said they were always sympathetic to acts of good citizenship.
Crimes
armed robbery (n) U assault (n) C hijacking (n) C kidnapping (n) C / U \Amd "rbri\ \"sOlt\ \"haIdZkIN\ \"kIdnpIN\ bewaffneter Raubberfall Krperverletzung Entfhrung; Luftpiraterie Entfhrung; Menschenraub Armed robbery is a situation in which people use guns in order to rob a place. Assault is the crime of physically attacking someone. Hijacking is the crime of illegally taking control of a plane, often using violence. Kidnapping is the crime of taking someone away and making them a prisoner, especially in order to get money. They say that kidnappings in that country are again on the increase. mugging (n) U murder (n) C smuggling (n) U \"mgIN\ \"md\ \"smglIN\ berfall Mord Schmuggel Mugging is an attack on someone in a public place in order to steal money or other items from them. Murder is the crime of killing someone deliberately. Smuggling is the practice of illegally taking goods or people into or out of a country.
Unit 9
vandalism (n) U \"vndlIzm\ Vandalismus
Unit 9
cast (n) C citizenship (n) U cold caller (n) C cold-calling (n) U comic (n) C community-minded (adj) \kAst\ \"sItIznSIp\ \"kUld kOl\ \kUld"kOlIN\ \"kmIk\ \k"mjunti"maIndId\ Besetzung Vertreter am Telefon Vertreteranrufe Comicheft
confessional (adj) crusader (n) C cutting (adj) dashing (adj) dazzling (adj) despise (v) dungeon (n) C dutifully (adv) elf / elves (n) C emulate (v) extinct (adj) flip side (n) U fuel (v) gossip (n) U grotesque (adj) gullible (adj) handful (n) C
\kn"feSnl\ \kru"seId\ \"ktIN\ \"dSIN\ \"dzlIN\ \dI"spaIz\ \"dndZn\ \"djutIf li\ \elf\elvz\ \"emjUleIt\ \Ik"stINkt\ \"f lIp saId\ \"fjul\ \"gsIp\ \grU"tesk\ \"glbl\ \"hndfUl\
beichtend Kreuzritter spitz schneidig glanzvoll; schillernd verachten Verlies pflichtbewusst Elf(-e) nachahmen erloschen Rckseite schren; anheizen Tratsch grotesk leichtglubig Handvoll
Some people write long confessional letters to their heroes. The identity of the caped crusader of Tunbridge Wells is Matt Lees, a 31year-old hairdresser. In an all-American cast, the Sheriffs cutting British accent marks him out. Someone who is dashing is extremely attractive. Do they say anything about the most respected jobs? No, Im afraid not, despite your own dazzling performance, Steve. Sauron hates Gandalf and despises the hobbits. He has a collection of illegal poisons and black magic objects in his house, but he is exposed and sent to the spine-chilling dungeons of Azkaban. Monkey Man picks up litter and dutifully puts it in the rubbish bin. The world of men and elves will never be completely free from his evil. Reality TV shows create overnight stars for us to admire and emulate. The volcano is now completely extinct. The flip side of a situation is the other or opposite aspect of it. The syndrome is unquestionably fuelled by the medias own obsession with celebrities. Gossip magazines and TV shows parade stars before us. There was a handful of people wearing grotesque brown rubber Yoda masks. It was interesting to see that the press could be so gullible. There was a handful of people wearing grotesque brown rubber Yoda masks.
Unit 9
hatred (n) U have egg on (sbs) face headdress (n) C henchman (n) C hero worship (n) U highlight (n) C hook (n) C immortality (n) U impressionable (adj) in store instalment (n) C know no bounds liar (n) C like-minded (adj) look up to (v) lure (v) macho (adj) \"heItrId\ \hv "eg n feIs\ \"heddres\ \"hentSmn\ \"hIrU "wSIp\ \"haIlaIt\ \hUk\ \imO"tlti\ \Im"preSnbl\ \In "stO\ \In"stOlmnt\ \nU nU "baUndz\ \"laI\ \laIk"maIndId\ \lUk p t\ \ljU\ \"mtSU\ Hass dumm dastehen Kopfschmuck Handlanger Heldenverehrung Hhepunkt Haken Unsterblichkeit
make (sth) up masked (adj) meaningless (adj) menace (n) C minute (adj) moped (n) C
She made the whole story of her past up. Tunbridge has its very own superhero a masked man in an orange suit, brown underpants and cape. The violence in the film is meaningless and random. But Harry will not be completely free from the menace of the Malfoy family, until he has dealt with the slimy Draco, Lucius son. Some spend hours on the internet discussing minute details of the stars lives. Hidden in the stable blocks garage is an Italjet Dragster - the Ferrari of mopeds, he says.
Unit 9
nastiness (n) U \"nAstins\ Ekelhaftigkeit
obnoxious (adj) obsessed (adj) on the rampage parade (v) parking ticket (n) C patrol (v) perk (n) C plank (n) C power-mad (adj) prankster (n) C purse (n) C random (adj) role model (n) C satin (adj) scar-faced (adj) sight (v)
\b"nkSs\ \b"sest\ \n D "rmpeIdZ\ \p"reId\ \"pAkIN "tIkIt\ \p"trUl\ \pk\ \plNk\ \"paUmd\ \"prNkst\ \ps\ \"rndm\ \rUl mdl\ \"stIn\ \"skAfeIst\ \saIt\
widerwrtig besessen randalieren vorfhren Knllchen; Strafzettel frs Falschparken Streife fahren freiwillige Sozialleistungen Schiffsplanke machtbesessen Witzbold Geldbeutel willkrlich Vorbild Satinmit narbigem Gesicht sichten
Steve thinks that footballers can be arrogant, obnoxious thugs. Its just great to be with other people who are as obsessed as me, she said. In the film Alex and his gang go on the rampage every night. Gossip magazines and TV shows parade stars before us. When you return to your car, you are about to get a parking ticket. The masked man patrols the town, sorting out lifes little inconveniences. Footballers enjoy lots of perks and privileges. He dreams of making them all walk the plank off his pirate ship. You could say he became power-mad as other people let him take over the running of the country. Prankster Chris Shaw insisted that it was all a joke but said that it was interesting to see how the press could be so gullible. The man tapped her on the shoulder and returned the purse she had lost earlier. The violence in the film is meaningless and random. In primitive human societies, it was normal for the young to look up to the most successful members of the tribe and to use them as role models. Tilly was dressed as her heroine in a gorgeous red satin dress. Blofeld is the terrifying, scar-faced head of SPECTRE. Monkey Man, as he is known, was sighted earlier this week when local resident, Gladis Webb, suddenly became aware of a strange masked man behind her.
sighting (n) C
\saItiN\
Fall, wo etwas gesichtet wird In other reported sightings, Monkey Man has helped motorists change their tyres, helped old ladies across the street and put rubbish in the rubbish bins.
\"slaImi\ \"sUlmeIt\
schleimig Seelenverwandte(r)
He will not be free until he has dealt with the slimy villain. When an impressionable young adolescent believes that his or her celebrity hero is their soulmate, there is serious cause for concern.
Unit 9
spacecraft (n) C spine-chilling (adj) spit (v) staff (n) U stressed out (adj) superhero (n) C superhuman (adj) tax declaration (n) C thug (n) C tick tock (n s) trick (n) C triumph (v) \"speIskrAft\ \"spaIntSIlIN\ \spIt\ \stAf\ \"strest aUt\ \"suphIrU\ \sup"hjumn\ \tks dekl"reISn\ \Tg\ \"tIk tk\ \trIk\ \"traImf\ Raumschiff gruselig spucken Mitarbeiter(innen) total gestresst Superheld bermenschlich Steuererklrung Schlger; Verbrecher Ticken Trick; List siegen; triumphieren
tyre (n) C underpants (n pl) unquestionably (adv) update (n) C vengeance (n) U villain (n) C vindictive (adj) vow (v) walk the plank
\"taI\ \"ndpnts\ \n"kwestSnbli\ \p"deIt\ \"vendZns\ \"vIln\ \vIn"dIktIv\ \vaU\ \wOk D "plNk\
Reifen Unterhose ohne Frage Update; Aktualisierung Rache Schurke; Bsewicht rachschtig schwren mit verbundenen Augen ber eine Schiffsplanke ins Meer getrieben werden
Monkey Man has helped motorists change their tyres. The masked man wore an orange suit, brown underpants and a cape. The syndrome is unquestionably fuelled by the medias own obsession with celebrities. And finally, we turn to an update on the story of the Tunbridge Wells superhero. Robin Hood returns to England vowing vengeance. The Sheriffs cutting British accent marks him out as the perfect villain. Despite all the stories to the contrary, traffic wardens are not vindictive. Robin Hood returns to England vowing vengeance. He dreams of making them all walk the plank off his pirate ship.
Unit 10
Reflexive verbs
adapt yourself content yourself deceive yourself destroy yourself distinguish yourself endanger yourself express yourself pride yourself remind yourself sacrifice yourself \"dpt\ \kn"tent\ \dI"siv\ \dI"strOI\ \dI"stINgwiS\ \In"deIndZ\ \Ik"spres\ \"praId\ \rI"maInd\ \"skrIfaIs\ sich anpassen sich begngen sich tuschen sich zerstren sich auszeichnen sich gefhrden sich ausdrcken
Everyone has to adapt themselves to new circumstances at some point in their life. We should content ourselves with what we have and not expect more. We often deceive ourselves about our real reasons for doing something. In the long run, selfish groups destroy themselves. We respect people who distinguish themselves by devoting their lives to the benefit of others. Some species of monkeys give alarm calls to warn other troops of danger even though they endanger themselves in the process. People express themselves through their actions more than their words. People should pride themselves on their appearance. Its a good idea to remind yourself from time to time that life is short. Many animals, including humans, are prepared to sacrifice themselves for their family.
Unit 10
give (sb) a second give a speech give (sth) a try give a warning give consideration give permission give priority \gIv "seknd\ \gIv "spitS\ \gIv "traI\ \gIv "wOnIN\ \gIv knsId"reISn\ \gIv p"mISn\ \gIv praI"rti\ geben eine Rede halten etwas versuchen eine Warnung geben berlegen erlauben den Vorzug geben
give (sb) the benefit of the doubt \gIv D benIfIt v D "daUt\ give the impression \gIv Di Im"preSn\
Job responsibilities
coordinate (v) facilitate (v) liaise (v) oversee (v) participate (v) promote (v) seek out (v) track (v) \kU"OdIneIt\ \f"sIlteIt\ \li"eIz\ \Uv"si\ \pA"tIsIpeIt\ \pr"mUt\ \sik "aUt\ \trk\ koordinieren erleichtern zusammenarbeiten berwachen; kontrollieren teilnehmen frdern; werben fr suchen verfolgen My favourite part of the job is coordinating the local volunteers. My role in these meetings is to observe and facilitate. He liaises with local volunteers to develop stories and case studies. Part of the job involves overseeing translation to and from Spanish of written materials. You will be expected to participate in conferences both nationally and internationally. Promoting the RPAs work is the easy part of the job. My job now is to seek out the right person. John visits local projects periodically to track developments.
Unit 10
aid (n) altruism (n) U altruistic (adj) attach importance to (sth) bean (n) beg (v) blood transfusion (n) bracelet (n) C case study (n) C charity shop (n) C City (adj) countless (adj) delegation (n) C detriment (n) do good deeds donate (v) donor (n) C ecosystem (n) C \eId\ \"ltruIzm\ \ltru"IstIk\ \"ttS Im"pOtns tu\ \bin\ \beg\ \"bld trnsfjuZn\ \"breIslt\ \keIs "stdi\ \"tSrti Sp\ \"sIti\ \"kaUntls\ \del"geISn\ \"detrImnt\ \du gUd "didz\ \dU"neIt\ \"dUn\ \"ikUsIstm\ Hilfe Altruismus altruistisch
One of the elders proposed spending the money on seeds. The receptionist explains that they are making a reality TV programme called How Kind Are You? and that a hidden film crew has been filming you for the last few hours.
Unit 10
fluff (n) U foreseeable (adj) fund (v) / (n) C \flf\ \fO"sibl\ \fnd\ Fusseln vorhersehbar Fonds
fur (n) U geranium (n) C grant (n) C grassroots (n) pl grower (n) C hang up (v) homeless (adj) honour (v)
The driver gets out and gives the woman a beautiful fur coat. People wear pink geranium flower badges for the blind. John helps the local people access and administer the grants that are available to them. My favourite part of the job is at grassroots. Coffee growers were warned not to sell their beans to the big multinationals. She finished the phone call and hung up. The job involves attending conferences, giving talks and setting up self help groups for the homeless people we work with. On the international stage, we honour altruistic individuals who sacrifice their freedom or comfort in order to improve the lives of those around them.
in a flash innit juggle (v) knock over (v) light up (v) limousine (n) C make-up (n) U merchant banker (n) C microphone (n) C nest (n) C non-profit (adj) partial (adj)
\In "flS\ \"InIt\ \"dZgl\ \nk "Uv\ \laIt p\ \lIm"zin\ \"meIkp\ \"mtSnt "bNk\ \"maIkrfUn\ \nest\ \nn"prfIt\ \"pASl\
blitzschnell nicht wahr; oder jonglieren; hindrehen umstoen aufleuchten Limousine Wesen; Struktur Handelsbankfachmann Mikrofon Nest gemeinntzig teilweise
Moira was on the phone in a flash and told him wed find his coat. Five hundred quid. Thats all right innit? There are many different responsibilities that need juggling. She has been knocked over by someone on roller-blades, who has not stopped. So then he asked us if we could describe the coat, which we did, and his face sort of lit up. After a long, long time, a large black limousine arrives. But recent research into our genetic make-up has shown that human beings and animals are not so different. He was a City type, a merchant banker or something. After a few minutes, you are stopped by a man with a microphone and a film crew. Some birds will help other birds to protect the nest. The Rainforest Protection Agency (RPA) is an international non-profit organization. Evolutionary theory can give a partial explanation of why humans and other animals are capable of good deeds.
Unit 10
periodically (adv) philanthropist (n) C \pIri"dIkli\ \fI"lnTrpIst\ von Zeit zu Zeit
Mohn Pressemeldung
People in Britain wear red poppy badges to raise money for people injured serving their country. My time is shared more or less equally between sitting in front of my laptop writing press releases and articles, and travelling around Central America.
quid (n) C rainforest (n) C raise money (v) ribbon (n) C rollerblades (n pl) seed (n) C self-help (n) U set (sb) apart from shiver (v) single-handed (adv) tear (v) troop (n) C veranda (n) C well-supported (adj) worried sick (adj)
\kwId\ \"reInfrIst\ \reIz "mni\ \"rIbn\ \"rUlbleIdz\ \sid\ \self"help\ \set "pAt frm\ \"SIv\ \sINgl"hndId\ \te\ \trup\ \v"rnd\ \wels"pOtd\ \wrid "sIk\
Pfund Regenwald Geld auftreiben Band Inlineskates Samen; Saat(gut) Selbsthilfe trennen von zittern ganz allein reien Truppe Veranda gut untersttzt krank vor Sorgen
Five hundred quid. Thats all right innit? The Rainforest Protection Agency is dedicated to protecting ecosystems. People in Britain wear red poppy badges to raise money for people injured serving their country. People wear red ribbons for AIDS. She has been knocked over by someone on roller blades. One of the elders proposed spending the money on seeds. The job involves setting up self-help groups for the homeless people we work with. What aspects of our behaviour and culture set us apart from the rest of the animal kingdom? They were shivering because it was so cold. Shes been running the press office single-handed since the senior communications officer retired last year. Her dress is pulling and tearing. Some species of monkeys give alarm calls to warn other troops of danger. The first thing he does is make a coffee and go out on his veranda to check his email. Charities that rescue or look after animals are also well-supported. What about the money? He must be worried sick about it.
Unit 11
Geographical features
bay (n) C canal (n) C cape (n) C desert (n) C falls (n) pl gulf (n) C mount (n) C ocean (n) C peninsula (n) C strait (n) C \beI\ \k"nl\ \keIp\ \"dezt\ \fOlz\ \glf\ \maUnt\ \"USn\ \p"nInsjUl\ \streIt\ Bucht Kanal Kap Wste Wasserflle Golf Berg Ozean Halbinsel Meerenge;Strae
Her hotel was located in the middle of the bay. A canal is a man-made waterway. Zheng Hes fleet rounded the Cape of Good Hope and set course westwards across the Atlantic. Animals in the desert have to go without water for long lengths of time. Iguacu Falls are really exciting to visit. A gulf is a large area of sea almost surrounded by land. My friend was really proud because shed managed to walk to the top of Mount Kilimanjaro. The evidence supports claims that Zheng He sailed across the Indian Ocean. Some people say that Cornwall is technically a peninsula. The fleets sailed south along the coast of Argentina before navigating the Straits of Magellan.
Binomials
bits and pieces black and white born and bred down and out flesh and blood forgive and forget here and now long and hard pick and choose short and sweet sick and tired \bIts n "pisIz\ \blk n "waIt\ \bOn n "bred\ \daUn n "aUt\ \f leS n "bld\ \fgIv n f"get\ \hI n "naU\ \lN n "hAd\ \pIk n "tSuz\ \SOt n "swit\ \sIk n "taId\ einzelne Teile schwarz-wei heruntergekommen Fleisch und Blut vergeben und vergessen hier und heute lang und gut aussuchen schn kurz grndlich satt I selected the basic map and then added a couple of bits and pieces. I prefer black and white explanations I dont like ambiguity. Someone who is down and out has no money or nowhere to live. I always put my own flesh and blood before my friends. Some people find it difficult to forgive and forget. Its better to deal with problems here and now rather than putting things off. Think long and hard before you make a decision. You select the basic map and then pick and choose the places that are important to you. Shes coming home for a week or so short and sweet but better than nothing. Im sick and tired of telling you to see a doctor.
geboren und gro geworden I was born and bred in this country.
Unit 11
to and fro tried and tested \tu n "frU\ \traId n "testId\ hin und her erprobt und bewhrt
Describing landscape
a bare rocky ridge a deep narrow gorge a fertile wooded valley gentle rolling hills a jagged snowy peak a sheltered sandy cove a tall steep cliff \ be rki "rIdZ\ \ dip nrU "gOdZ\ \ ftaIl wUdd "vli\ \dZentl rUlIN "hIlz\ \ dZgd snUi "pik\ \ Seltd sndi "kUv\ \ tOl stip "klIf\ kahler Felsrcken tiefe enge Schlucht fruchtbares bewaldetes Tal sanfte Hgellandschaft schneebedeckte Bergzacke geschtzte sandige Bucht hohe steile Klippe The Grand Canyon in Arizona is full of bare rocky ridges. Photo B shows a deep narrow gorge. Photo A shows a fertile wooded valley. You find a lot of gentle rolling hills in the south of England. Photo C shows a jagged snowy peak. Its a sheltered sandy cove, ideal for sunbathing. Photo D shows a tall steep cliff.
Unit 11
circumnavigate (v) colony (n) C controversial (adj) correlation (n) C counterpart (n) C crawling (be) (adj) crucial (adj) Dane (n) C deter (v) dispute (v) down under (n) U dragon (n) C epic (n) C estuary (n) C euphoric (adj) fjord (n) C fleet (n) C flood (v) footage (n) U glossy (adj) itinerary (n) C league table (n) C magnify (v) \skm"nvIgeIt\ \"klni\ \kntr"vSl\ \kr"leISn\ \"kaUntpAt\ \"krOlIN\ \"kruSl\ \deIn\ \dI"t\ \"dIspjut\ \daUn "nd\ \"drgn\ \"epIk\ \"estjuri\ \ju"frIk\ \fjOd\ \f lit\ \f ld\ \"fUtIdZ\ \"glsi\ \aI"tInrri\ \"lig teIbl\ \"mgnIfaI\ umfahren; umsegeln Kolonie kontrovers
direkter Zusammenhang
Unit 11
mainland (adj) maze (n) C navigate (v) ocean-going (adj) out of the way (adj) paramount (adj) pending (adj) perception (n) C pipedream (n) C plain (n) C plot (v) Pom (n) C populate (v) repulse (v) round (v) rural (adj) satire (n) C set sail (v) setting (n) C settlement (n) C \"meInlnd\ \meIz\ \"nvIgeIt\ \"USn"gUIN\ \AUt v D weI\ \"prmaUnt\ \"pendIN\ \p"sepSn\ \"paIpdrim\ \pleIn\ \plt\ \pm\ \"ppjUleIt\ \rI"pls\ \raUnd\ \"rUrl\ \"staI\ \set "seIl\ \"setIN\ \"setlmnt\ Festland Irrgarten
Unit 11
sizeable (adj) skilled (adj) spice (n) C step back (v) submarine (n) C supply (v) temporary (adj) unspoilt (adj) \"saIzbl\ \skIld\ \spaIs\ \step bk\ \sbm"rin\ \s"plaI\ \"temprri\ \n"spOIld\ grer; -e, -s Wrze zurcktreten U-Boot liefern; herstellen vorbergehend unverdorben
upside down (adv) vessel (n) C veteran (adj) wash away (v) well-earned (adj) workshop (n) C
Its based on an Australian map. Yeah, I can see its upside down. The building of ocean-going vessels had become a crime punishable by death. Sophies a veteran location scout and shes going to tell us some of the secrets of location hunting. In fact, it rained so much that thousands of dollars of equipment were washed away in the water. Dock at Gibraltar for a few days of well-earned rest before continuing to Balearic Islands. The workshop failed to reach any practical conclusions.
Unit 12
Idioms (money)
be hard up be in the red be on the breadline \bi hAd "p\ \bi In D "red\ \bi n D "bredlaIn\ knapp bei Kasse sein
Do you know anyone who is hard up at the moment? Would it worry you if you were in the red? What would you miss most if you were on the breadline? Who would you turn to for help if you were without a penny to your name? Domino was suddenly worth a fortune and never needed to worry about money again. What would you do if you had money to burn? Do you know anyone who is living hand to mouth at the moment? Is it good for children to grow up living in the lap of luxury?
in den roten Zahlen sein nur das Allernotwendigste zum Leben haben ohne jeden Penny; vllig pleite sein ein Vermgen wert sein Geld wie Heu haben von der Hand in den Mund leben ein Luxusleben fhren
be without a penny to your name \bi wIDaUt peni t j "neIm\ be worth a fortune have money to burn live hand to mouth live in the lap of luxury \bi wT "fOtSn\ \hv mni t "bn\ \lIv hnd t "maUT\ \lIv In D lp v "lkSri\
Phrasal verbs 2
fall for get away with get your own back on (sb) give (sth) away hand (sth) back make (sth) up rip (sb) off turn (sb) away \"fOl fO\ \get "weI wID\ \get j "Un bk n\ \gIv "weI\ \hnd "bk\ \meIk "p\ \rIp "f\ \tn "weI\ auf etwas hereinfallen ungestraft davonkommen mit sich revanchieren bei jmd verraten; preisgeben zurckgeben erfinden schrpfen; abzocken abweisen Have you ever got your own back on someone who has done you a bad turn? Have you ever regretted giving away personal information? Have you ever been given something by mistake and then had to hand it back? Have you ever made up an excuse for being late? The taxi driver ripped us off and charged us $50 for the journey. The club was full and the bouncers turned us away. Have you ever fallen for a little lie? Have you ever got away with doing something bad?
US & UK English
bathroom / toilet (n) C check / bill (n) C eggplant / aubergine (n) C \"bATrum\ \"tOIlt\ \tSek\ \bIl\ \"egplAnt\ \"UbZin\ Toilette Rechnung Aubergine She had to leave the show to go to the bathroom/toilet. At the end of the meal they asked for the check/bill. Eggplant/aubergine is an important ingredient in moussaka.
Unit 12
faucet / tap (n) C fries / chips (n pl) garbage can / dustbin (n) C \"fOsIt\ \tp\ \fraIz\ \tSIps\ \"gAbIdZ kn\ \"dstbIn\ Wasserhahn Pommes frites Mlleimer Tankstelle Hose Brgersteig Fuball Herd U-Bahn Unterfhrung Unterhemd
gas station / petrol station (n) C \"gs steISn\ \"petrl steISn\ pants / trousers (n pl) sidewalk / pavement (n) C soccer / football (n) U stove / cooker (n) C subway / underground (n) C underpass / subway (n) C undershirt / vest (n) C \pnts\ \"traUzz\ \"saIdwOk\ \"peIvmnt\ \"sk\ \"fUtbOl\ \stUv\ \"kUk\ \sbweI\ \ndgrAUnd\ \ndpAs\ \sbweI\ \ndSt\ \vest\
Unit 12
bondsman (n) C bounty hunter (n) C cargo (n) C clasp (v) codeword (n) C conman (n) C counterfeit (adj) deactivate (v) deathbed (n) U decode (v) deface (v) denomination (n) C desperado (n) C do (sb) a bad turn doubloon (n) C embark on (v) enforce (v) excess (n) U expel (v) face value (n) U fake (adj) fall apart (v) \"bndzmn\ \"baUnti hnt\ \"kAgU\ \klAsp\ \"kUdwd\ \"knmn\ \"knmen\ \"kaUntfIt\ \di"ktIveIt\ \"deTbed\ \di"kUd\ \dI"feIs\ \dInmI"neISn\ \desp"rAdU\ \du bd "tn\ \"dblun\ \Im"bAk n\ \In"fOs\ \Ik"ses\ \Ik"spel\ \feIs "vlju\ \feIk\ \fOl "pAt\ Brge Kopfgeldjger Fracht; Schiffsladung festhalten Codewort; Passwort Schwindler; Betrger falsch; geflscht deaktivieren Sterbebett entziffern verunstalten Nennbetrag Desperado
Unit 12
fall into the hands of (sb) fishpond (n) C fool (v) fugitive (n) C give (sb) more teeth grab (v) haul (n) C hoard (n) C inscription (n) C jet set (n) U life savings (n) pl loot (n) U magnet (n) C make off with (v) \fOl Int D "hndz v\ \"fISpnd\ \ful\ \"fjudZtIv\ \gIv mO "tiT\ \grb\ \hOl\ \hOd\ \In"skrIpSn\ \"dZetset\ \"laIf seIvINz\ \lut\ \"mgnIt\ \meIk f wID\ Fischteich
metal detector (n) C on the trail of overboard (adv) overdose (n) C play (sb) at their own game provider (n) C put up a fight raid (v) / (n) C
\"metl dItekt\ \n D "treIl v\ \"UvbOd\ \"UvdUs\ \pleI t De Un "geIm\ \pr"vaId\ \pUt p "faIt\ \reId\
Metallsuchgert jmd auf der Spur ber Bord berdosis schlagen Provider sich wehren berfallen berfall
Going out with a metal detector is an unlikely way to make money. People tend to think of a bounty hunter as being on the trail of a bank robber who is wanted dead or alive. They jumped overboard and swam to the island to escape. At the age of 35 Domino Harvey was found dead of a drugs overdose. have done to you. In the US, internet service providers claim to be winning the war on spam after seeing a drop of 75% in the last two years. Winnies daughter was not prepared to see her mother ripped off without putting up a fight. He would attack passing ships and raid coastal towns before returning to the thickly wooded island to store his treasure. His raids were not always successful.
jmd mit den eigenen Waffen If you play someone at their own game, you do to someone what they
Unit 12
ranch hand (n) C recall (v) rumour (v) / (n) C \"rAntS hnd\ \rI"kOl\ \"rum\ Farmhelfer(-in) sich erinnern an
Saxon (adj) scam (n) C scam baiter (n) C scour (v) seal (n) C serial number (n) set in (v) single out (v) skeleton (n) C spam (n) U spammer (n) C speculate (v) string (n) C the chances are to the tune of trickery (n) U ungirly (adj) want for nothing whaling (adj) wooded (adj)
\"sksn\ \skm\ \"skm beIt\ \"skaU\ \sil\ \"sIril nmb\ \set "In\ \"sINgl aUt\ \"skelIt"n\ \spm\ \"spm\ \"spekjUleIt\ \strIN\ \D "tSAnsz A\ \t D "tjun v\ \"trIkri\ \n"gli\ \wnt f "nTIN\ \"weIlIN\ \"wUdd\
angelschsisch Schwindel -fnger) absuchen Siegel Seriennummer sich einstellen aussuchen Skelett
She found some Saxon coins while digging in her garden. She lost her life savings after falling for one email scam.
Schwindelkderer (- jger; Amazingly, many of the conmen fall for the scam baiters tricks. Other treasure hunters have scoured Cocos, but with little success. The reverse side of a dollar bill shows the Great Seal of the United States. Users of the site post the serial numbers of dollar bills in their possession. Boredom set in and she was soon looking for new sources of excitement. It informs them that they have been singled out to receive a very large sum of money. Nearby lay two skeletons, one with an axe clasped in its hand, the other with a hole in its skull. Spam; ungebetene Werbung Internet service providers claim to be winning the war on spam. Spammer spekulieren Haufen; Reihe aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach in Hhe von List und Tcke nicht (sehr) mdchenhaft jmd an nichts mangeln Walfangbewaldet Spammers send out large numbers of unwanted emails on the internet. If you know what youre doing, speculating on the stock exchange can be a good way to make money. Cocos Island became a treasure bank for a string of pirates and a magnet for treasure hunters. Next time you take a dollar bill out of your billfold, the chances are you wont give it a seconds thought. It is estimated that spam victims in the US are ripped off to the tune of $200 million every year. Pirates in the 1700s often used trickery to steal treasure from ships. As a child Domino was said to be aggressive and ungirly. Domino wanted for nothing, living in the lap of luxury. Keating escaped on a passing whaling ship. He would return to the thickly-wooded island to store his treasure.
Unit 12
would-be yield up (v) \"wUdbi\ \jild "p\ Mchtegernaufgeben; verraten
Language reference 1
Verb forms
A Simple tenses
1 Present simple (Einfaches Prsens) Positiv Negativ Frageform I write/she writes I dont write/she doesnt write Do you write?/Does she write?
2 Past simple (Einfache Vergangenheit) Positiv Negativ Frageform I wrote/she wrote I/she didnt write Did you/she write? 7 Present perfect continuous (Verlaufsform des Perfekt) Positiv Negativ Frageform I have/she has been writing I havent/she hasnt been writing Have you/Has she been writing?
8 Past continuous (Verlaufsform der Vergangenheit) Positiv Negativ Frageform I/she was writing I/she wasnt writing Were you/Was she writing?
9 Past perfect continuous (Verlaufsform der Vorvergangenheit) Positiv Negativ Frageform I/she had been writing I/she hadnt been writing Had you/she been writing?
4 Past perfect (Vorvergangenheit/Plusquamperfekt) Positiv Negativ Frageform I/she had written I/she hadnt written Had she/you written?
10 Future continuous (Verlaufsform der Zukunft) Positiv Negativ Frageform I/she will be writing I/she wont be writing Will you/she be writing?
5 Future perfect (Vollendete Zukunft) Positiv Negativ Frageform I/she will have written I/she wont have written Will she/you have written?
Language reference 1
D Passive verb forms
Wir bilden das Passiv mit: be + Vergangenheitspartizip (past participle) It is is being was hasnt been will be here. now. ages ago. yet. soon.
written
E Modal verbs
Es gibt neun modale Hilfsverben (will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must). Sie stehen immer vor einem Infinitiv ohne to. Darber hinaus gibt es einige andere Verben, die auf hnliche Weise gebraucht werden. Darunter sind: have to, need to, ought to.
Subject questions
Wir bilden Fragen, indem wir das Subjekt zwischen das Hilfsverb und das Hauptverb setzen: (Hilfsverb) Subjekt Verb Have you finished? Wenn es im positiven Aussagesatz kein Hilfsverb gibt (d.h. beim present simple und past simple), fgen wir do/does/did hinzu. Do you drive? Are you sure? In Fragen mit be steht das Subjekt nach dem Verb. Wenn ein Fragewort (who, what oder which) das Subjekt des Verbs bildet, steht das Verb nach dem Subjekt wie beim normalen Aussagesatz. Wir verwenden kein do/does/did im present simple oder past simple. Who gave you that? What happened to you?
Language reference 2
Present habits
Wir knnen eine Vielzahl von Verbformen verwenden, um ber Gewohnheiten in der Gegenwart zu sprechen (Handlungen, die sich ber einen lngeren Zeitraum wiederholen). Das simple present ist die am hufigsten gebrauchte Form. Es wird oft zusammen mit Adverbien der Hufigkeit (adverbs of frequency) verwendet z.B. usually, sometimes, once a week. A fox comes into our garden almost every night. Wir verwenden will/wont + Infinitiv, um ber vorhersehbares oder typisches Verhalten, bekannte Gewohnheiten oder Neigungen zu sprechen. A hungry fox will attack pet rabbits. Wir verwenden keep + Verb + -ing, um ber Verhaltensweisen zu sprechen, die sich wiederholen. If your newspaper keeps publishing this type of journalism, you will lose loyal readers. Wir verwenden das present continuous + always/forever/constantly, um ber rgerliche Gewohnheiten zu sprechen. Diese Form verwenden wir oft, um zu bertreiben oder uns ber Benehmen oder Verhaltensweisen zu beschweren, die uns rgern. The gutter press is forever filling its pages with sensationalist stories.
Be/Get used to
Used to kann entweder ein Verb (s. oben) oder ein Adjektiv sein. Im Falle eines Adjektivs steht danach entweder ein Substantiv oder ein Verb + -ing. When they start their training, the dogs are already used to busy roads. They get used to finding their way through a crowd. Das Adjektiv bedeutet mit etwas vetraut sein, weil man es so oft vorher getan hat, dass es einem nicht mehr schwierig oder unbekannt vorkommt. Wir verwenden es meistens zusammen mit den Verben be und get. Wir verwenden be + used to, um Situationen oder Handlungen zu beschreiben, die wir bereits gut kennen. Wir verwenden get + used to, um bei einer neuen Situation oder Handlung den laufenden Prozess des Kennenlernens zu beschreiben. They are used to getting around with a white stick. (= die Ttigkeit kennen sie schon) They are getting used to the white stick. (= Sie lernen gerade die neue Situation kennen.)
Past habits
Wir verwenden das simple past, used to + Infinitiv und would + Infinitiv, um ber Gewohnheiten in der Vergangenheit zu sprechen. Wir verwenden oft das simple past zusammen mit Adverbien der Hufigkeit (adverbs of frequency) z.B. every year, normally, on Sundays. Every night he and his dogs sat down to dinner together.
Wir knnen used to + Infinitiv verwenden, um ber Zustnde und auch gewohnheitsmig stattfindende Handlungen in der Vergangenheit zu sprechen. Each dog used to have its own personal servant. (state) He used to wear a different pair of shoes every day. (action)
Language reference 3
Defining & non-defining relative clauses
Wir verwenden Relativstze, um mehr Information ber ein Substantiv (Person oder Gegenstand) zu geben. Wir setzen den Relativsatz unmittelbar nach dem Substantiv. Relativstze fangen oft mit einem Relativpronomen an: that, who, which whose when, where beziehen sich auf Personen und Gegenstnde (s. unten) Possessivpronomen (ersetzt her, his, their, usw.) beziehen sich auf Zeiten und Orte
Participle clauses
Wir knnen Partizipialstze anstelle von einigen Relativstzen verwenden. Wir bilden Partizipialstze mit Partizipien der Gegenwart (present participles -ing) und der Vergangenheit (past participles -ed). Wir verwenden -ing Partizipialstze, um Relativstze zu ersetzen, die Verben in der Aktivform enthalten. No entry to people wearing (= who are wearing) jeans. She wants to be a top model earning (= who earns / is earning) millions of dollars. Wir verwenden -ed Partizipialstze, um Relativstze zu ersetzen, die Verben in der Passivform enthalten. I dont want anything made (= that has been / is made) of artificial fibres. His first song, called (= which was called) No Future, became an instant hit.
Wenn das Pronomen das Objekt bildet, knnen wir es weglassen. I lost the trainers (that) I bought last week.
Language reference 4
Present perfect & past simple
Present perfect
Wir verwenden das present perfect, um zu sprechen ber: Handlungen oder Zustnde, die in der Vergangenheit anfingen und bis in die Gegenwart noch andauern. Ive lived here all my life (= und ich wohne auch weiterhin hier). Handlungen, die in einem Zeitraum stattfanden, der noch nicht abgeschlossen ist. Shes already fought her a couple of times this week (this week ist noch nicht zu Ende). Handlungen, die in der Vergangenheit stattfanden, aber der Zeitpunkt wird entweder nicht erwhnt oder als nicht wichtig betrachtet. Ive been to Rome. (= Wir wissen nicht wann.)
Unterschiede
Das present perfect continuous und das present perfect simple unterscheiden sich sowohl bei der Betonung eines bestimmten Aspekts als auch bei der Sinngebung Wir verwenden das present perfect continuous (und nicht das present perfect simple)
Wenn der Zeitpunkt erwhnt wird, ndert sich die Verbform. Es wird die einfache Vergangenheit (past simple) verwendet. I went to Rome last year.
Ausdrcke der Zeit, die oft zusammen mit dem present perfect verwendet werden um die Handlung selbst zu betonen oder die Dauer der Handlung. sind u.a.: Weve been travelling for six months. (= Die Betonung liegt auf der already, just, ever, never, yet, since, recently. Reisedauer und die Ttigkeit des Reisens.) So far weve visited eight countries. (= Die Betonung liegt auf der Tatsache, Past simple dass es ihnen gelungen ist, so viele Lnder zu besuchen.) Wir verwenden das past simple, um Zustnde und Handlungen in der um ber Handlungen zu sprechen, die in letzter Zeit stattfanden und lnger Vergangenheit zu beschreiben. Dabei ist der Zustand oder die Handlung stets andauerten. abgeschlossen bzw. bereits zu Ende gegangen. Weve recently been working on a new project. I worked there for three years. (= Dort arbeite ich heute nicht mehr.) Wir verwenden das present perfect simple (und nicht das present perfect I was a real fan when I was younger. (= Jetzt bin ich es nicht mehr.) continuous) Wir verwenden das past simple oft: um das Ergebnis einer Handlung zu betonen (z.B. mit einer bestimmten 1 um die Hauptereignisse in einer Geschichte zu beschreiben. Anzahl oder Menge). 2 um ber alte Gewohnheiten zu sprechen. Ive sent him three emails but I havent had a reply. (= Die Betonung liegt 3 zusammen mit Ausdrcken wie yesterday, two years ago, when he was a auf der Zahl der Emails.) child, die sich auf die Vergangenheit beziehen. Ive been trying to get in touch all morning. (= Die Betonung liegt auf der Handlung selbst d.h. getting in touch.) Present perfect simple & continuous um ber einzelne, bereits zu Ende gefhrte Handlungen zu sprechen. Ive finished the report. hnlichkeiten mit Zustandsverben (stative verbs). Das present perfect continuous wird auf hnliche Weise verwendet wie das present Ive known him since we were at school. perfect simple (s. oben). Wir verwenden beide Formen, um zu sprechen ber: mit Superlativformen. Handlungen, die in der Vergangenheit anfingen und bis in die Gegenwart Its the funniest thing Ive ever seen. noch andauern.
Language reference 5
Narrative tenses
Um eine Geschichte in der Vergangenheit zu erzhlen, knnen wir eine Vielzahl von narrativen Zeitformen verwenden. Wir verwenden das past simple, um die Hauptereignisse der Geschichte zu beschreiben. The audience watched the live broadcast in horror. Wir verwenden das past continuous, um andere Ereignisse und Handlungen zu beschreiben, die noch andauerten als die Hauptereignisse stattfanden. A woman was lying on a surgical table. Wir verwenden das past perfect, um zeigen zu knnen, dass eine Handlung in der Vergangenheit vor einer anderen Handlung stattfand. Frida had finished school and was travelling home when her bus crashed.
Frageform
Had he / she / they / etc. been doing / studying / travelling etc?
was travelling
X X X Vergangenheit Gegenwart
finished school
crashed
returned to chair
Language reference 6
Real & unreal conditions
Wir verwenden Bedingungsstze, um eine Situation (wirklich oder imaginr) und ihre wahrscheinlichen Folgen oder Ergebnisse zu beschreiben. BEDINGUNG ERGEBNIS If it rains, well get wet. Wir verbinden die zwei Teile eines Bedingungssatzes mit if und anderen Verbindungswrtern (conjunctions): on condition (that) as long as so long as provided (that) providing (that)
Wir verwenden would/might/could + have + past participle, um ein Ergebnis unserer Hypothese zu beschreiben, das in der Vergangenheit mglich gewesen wre. If wed arrived earlier, we would have paid less/we might have got a better seat. (a) Bedingungsstze knnen entweder mit der Bedingung oder mit dem Ergebnisteil beginnen. If I were you, I wouldnt do that. I wouldnt do that if I were you. (b) In irrealen Bedingungsstzen ist die Vergangenheitsform von be normalerweise were. If I were you/If she were here/If he were alive (c) Eine Situation in der Gegenwart kann ein Ergebnis in der Vergangenheit, und eine Situation in der Vergangenheit ein Ergebnis in der Gegenwart haben. If I had more money (d.h. jetzt/im Allgemeinen), I wouldnt have walked (d.h. in der Vergangenheit). If she had tried harder (d.h. in der Vergangenheit), she wouldnt be where she is today.
Unless wird verwendet, um auszudrcken, dass, wenn etwas nicht geschieht, etwas anderes geschehen oder infolgedessen wahr werden wird. Well miss the bus unless we hurry. (= wenn wir uns nicht beeilen) Ill stay here unless you call. (= sofern du nicht anrufst)
1 Real conditions
Wir verwenden reale Bedingungsstze, um reale, mgliche oder wahrscheinliche Situationen oder Bedingungen zu beschreiben. Wir verwenden dabei eine Gegenwartsform des Verbs (present simple , present continuous, present perfect), um die Situation oder Bedingung zu beschreiben. Wir verwenden will/may/might/can/must + Infinitiv, um das Ergebnis zu beschreiben. BEDINGUNG ERGEBNIS If he says the right things, hell remain popular. If youve voted for him, you may regret it.
Wir knnen eine Gegenwartsform auch im Ergebnissatz verwenden, um zeigen zu knnen, dass etwas im allgemeinen Sinn wahr ist. If you dont eat, you die.
(d) Bedingungsstze werden manchmal wie folgt beschrieben: Typ 1: If + simple present, will + Infinitiv Typ 2: If + simple past, would + Infinitiv Typ 3: If + past perfect, would + have + past participle
2 Unreal conditions
Wir verwenden irreale Bedingungsstze, um imaginre, unmgliche oder unwahrscheinliche Situationen zu beschreiben.
Beim tatschlichen Gebrauch jedoch passen die meisten Bedingungsstze nicht in diese drei Kategorien.
Language reference 6
I wish & if only
Wir verwenden I wish und if only, um Bedauern auszudrcken. Wir verwenden das simple past, past continuous oder could + Infinitiv, um Bedauern ber die Gegenwart oder die Zukunft auszudrcken. I wish (that) you were here. (= aber du bist es nicht.) If only we were sitting on the beach! (= aber wir tun es nicht.) I wish I could see you. (= aber ich kann es nicht.)
Wir verwenden das past perfect, um Bedauern ber die Vergangenheit auszudrcken. I wish (that) you hadnt said that. (= aber du hast es gesagt.) If only Id known! (= aber ich habe es nicht gewusst.) Wir knnen auch I wish und if only vor einem Subjekt und would verwenden. Damit drcken wir kein Bedauern aus, sondern zeigen den Wunsch, dass jemand etwas tut. I wish he would stop talking. If only they would go away!
Should have
Wir verwenden should/shouldnt have + past participle, um vergangene Handlungen zu kritisieren: He should have kept quiet. (= aber er hat nicht still gehalten.) We shouldnt have come. (= aber wir sind gekommen.)
Language reference 7
Futures
Die englische Sprache hat nicht nur eine Zukunftsform. Es gibt mehrere Mglichkeiten, die Zukunft zu beschreiben. Welche Form wir dabei whlen, hngt vom entsprechenden Aspekt der Zukunft ab, den wir gerade betonen wollen.
Terminplne
Wir verwenden das present simple, um ber Zeit-, Termin- und Fahrplne zu sprechen. We leave at midnight. What time does the train arrive?
Future continuous
Wir verwenden das future continuous, um eine Handlung zu beschreiben, die zu einer bestimmten Zeit in der Zukunft stattfinden und andauern wird. At 9.15 tomorrow, well be watching the match.
Language reference 7
Future perfect
Wir verwenden das future perfect, um eine Handlung zu beschrieben, die vor einer bestimmten Zeit in der Zukunft vollendet sein wird. By 10.00 tomorrow, the match will have finished.
X now
X
10.00 tomorow
Wir verwenden das future perfect oft zusammen mit by und folgenden Ausdrcken: by then/tomorrow one/two oclock (this time) next Monday/week the time we arrive/weve finished Subjekt He/She/They/etc. Partizip Perfekt will wont have made/watched/ worked/etc.
Language reference 8
Modals of speculation/deduction
Wir verwenden die Modalverben must, may, might, could und cant, um Vermutungen ber Ereignisse in der Gegenwart, in der Vergangenheit oder in der Zukunft anzustellen. Die Wahl des Modalverbs hngt vom Grad der Gewissheit ab, den der Sprecher bei seiner Vermutung zeigt. sicher must weniger sicher may might could sicher cant
must have to have got to need to dont have to dont need to neednt cant mustnt isnt/arent allowed to
Wir verwenden: Modalverb + Infinitiv Modalverb + be + -ing um Vermutungen ber Gegenwart und Zukunft anzustellen. It could be dangerous. You must be joking. Wir verwenden: Modalverb + have + past participle, um Vermutungen ber die Vergangenheit anzustellen. She cant have been very well. He may not have understood. Wir knnen auch eine feste Wendung anstatt des Modalverbs verwenden: Its certain/sure likely/probable/possible unlikely/improbable impossible that .
Fehlende Verpflichtung Erlaubt aber nicht notwendig. Verbot Nicht erlaubt und nicht mglich.
Wir knnen may/might verwenden, wenn wir um Erlaubnis bitten wollen und unsere Bitte etwas formeller klingen soll. May I borrow your pen, please? Have got to hat die gleiche Bedeutung wie must und have to, ist aber informeller. Sorry, Ive got to go. Need not/neednt steht vor einem Infinitiv ohne to. You neednt worry.
Its certain that she wasnt very well. Its possible that he didnt understand.
Language reference 9
Adjective order
Wenn wir zwei oder mehr Adjektive zusammen verwenden, stehen Adjektive, die eine Meinung implizieren (subjektiv) immer vor Adjektiven, die eher beschreibender Art sind (objektiv oder sachlich). a brave new world an attractive English actress
Hufig verwendete nicht abstufbare Adjektive amazing awful boiling brilliant disastrous enormous excellent exhausted fantastic fascinating freezing furious horrified huge impossible marvellous perfect terrible vital wonderful
Die Reihenfolge von objektiven (oder sachlich beschreibenden) Adjektiven hngt vom Wort ab, das wir betonen wollen, aber die folgende Tabelle bietet eine ntzliche Richtlinie. Gre large, small, enormous Alter young, old, ancient, ... Farbe red, blue, white, Form round, square, pointed, Herkunft European, Italian, Roman, Material silver, leather, satin,
1 Wir knnen really zusammen mit allen nicht abstufbaren Adjektiven verwenden. Einige Kollokationen mit absolutely, completely und totally werden hufiger gebraucht als andere. absolutely brilliant/certain/clear/correct/delighted/essential/necessary/right/ sure/true/wonderful completely different/free/new/separate/wrong totally different/new/opposed/unacceptable/wrong
a big, black, plastic ball a new, wide Japanese screen vintage red Rioja wine short pink woollen socks
2 Viele Adjektive (z.B. different, poisonous, primitive, random, unpleasant) knnen entweder abstufbar oder nicht abstufbar sein. a little primitive absolutely primitive
3 Wir knnen quite zusammen mit abstufbaren Adjektiven verwenden, um die Bedeutung ziemlich (fairly but not very) auszudrcken. The weathers quite nice. Quite warm, actually. Wir knnen quite auch zusammen mit einigen nicht abstufbaren Adjektiven verwenden, um die Bedeutung vllig (completely) auszudrcken. Are you quite certain about it? Yes, its quite impossible. 4 Oft verwenden wir rather anstatt pretty oder quite, um negative Ideen auszudrcken. The film was rather long and the plot was rather complicated.
Nicht abstufbare Adjektive knnen wir nicht schwcher machen. Aber wir knnen sie strker machen, indem wir ein entsprechendes Adverb einsetzen. Hier sind die vier Adverbien, die am hufigsten gebraucht werden: absolutely completely really totally absolutely fabulous totally spine-chilling NIET slightly fabulous
Language reference 10
Reporting
Wenn wir erzhlen, was jemand gesagt oder gedacht hat, werden die Verbformen in die Vergangenheit zurckversetzt. Direkte Rede/ Gedanken simple present I do it. present continuous Im doing it. present perfect Ive done it. simple past I did it. past continuous I was doing it. past perfect Id done it. will/would Ill/Id do it. can/could I can/could do it. must/have to I must/have to do it. am going to Im going to do it. Indirekte Rede/ Gedanken simple past He said he did it. past continuous He said he was doing it. past perfect He said hed done it. past perfect He said hed done it. past perfect continuous He said hed been doing it. past perfect He said hed done it. would He said hed do it. could He said he could do it. had to He said he had to do it. was going to He said he was going to do it.
Wir brauchen das Verb in der indirekten Rede nicht in die Vergangenheitsform zurckzuversetzen, wenn 1) wir etwas berichten, was immer noch wahr oder in der Gegenwart relevant ist oder 2) das berichtende Verb im Prsens steht. He said hes done it. He says hes doing it. Wenn das Berichten aber spter als die direkte Rede stattfindet, mssen wir eventuell die Zeitangaben und hnliche Ausdrcke ndern. Hier sind einige Beispiele: today yesterday tomorrow here this these that day the day before the following day there that those
Wenn wir Fragen in indirekter Rede weiterberichten, verwenden wir die normale Reihenfolge der Wrter wie in einem Aussagesatz (d.h. Subjekt und Verb stehen nicht in umgekehrter Reihenfolge und do oder did werden nicht verwendet). He asked what I did for a living. (NICHT He asked what did I do for a living.) He asked what I was doing. (NICHT He asked what was I doing.)
Language reference 11
Articles
Wir verwenden the vor einem Substantiv, wenn es klar ist, worauf wir uns beziehen. 1 weil es unmittelbar danach definiert wird. The location they chose was very remote. 2 weil es bereits erwhnt wurde. The researchers carried out a survey of job satisfaction. [] It is not surprising to learn from the survey, 3 weil es einmalig ist. She works closely with the director and the producer. Wir verwenden a/an vor einem zhlbaren Substantiv im Singular, wenn es nicht sofort klar ist, worauf wir uns beziehen. 1 weil es zum ersten Mal erwhnt wird. Im going to tell you a story about a little girl and three brown bears. 2 weil es nicht wichtig ist, worauf man sich genau bezieht. Police officers arrested a demonstrator outside the World Economic Forum. Wenn wir ber allgemeine Tatsachen sprechen, wird bei unzhlbaren Substantiven oder Pluralformen kein Artikel verwendet. the women live longer than the men the time is precious
so
such
+ (a/an) noun a pity, luck, friends + (a/an) Adjektiv + Substantiv a nice day, happy memories
Wenn wir irgendwelche Folgen beschreiben wollen, verwenden wir that + Nebensatz nach dem Ausdruck mit so/such. In informellen Situationen knnen wir that weglassen. They were so cheap (that) I bought ten. (= Ich habe zehn gekauft, weil sie so billig waren.) He drives so slowly (that) well never get there. It was such a nice day (that) we decided to go to the beach.
Language reference 12
Review of passive voice
Wir verwenden eine Form des Passivs, wenn wir das Objekt eines Satzes an den Anfang des Satzes setzen mchten. Hierfr gibt es verschiedene mgliche Anlsse: um das Objekt der Handlung oder die Handlung selbst (anstatt des Subjekts des Aktivverbs) zu betonen. The gold had been buried on a desert island. weil das Subjekt des Verbs unbekannt, unwichtig oder aus dem Zusammenhang offensichtlich ist. Its location was marked on an old map.
Causative
Wir verwenden das Kausativ, um ber eine Handlung zu sprechen, die man von jemand anderem verlangt oder die man jemanden bittet oder berredet fr einen zu tun Shes having her jewels valued. Normalerweise brauchen wir nicht zu sagen, wer die Handlung ausfhrt, weil das aus dem Kontext klar wird. Wenn wir aber doch sagen mchten, wer sie ausfhrt, verwenden wir by. She usually has it done by experts from an auction house. Subjekt Verb Objekt past participle painted tattooed repaired etc.
Wenn wir das Agens (Person oder Gegenstand, die oder der die Handlung ausfhrt) nennen mchten, verwenden wir by. Wir nennen das Agens, wenn es wichtig oder ungewhnlich ist oder wenn wir auf diese Information aufmerksam machen mchten. The map had been drawn by Bluebeard himself. Wir verwenden be + past participle, um das Passiv zu bilden. she he it I we you they is/is being/was was being/has been/ had been am/was/was being/ have been are/are being/were/ were being/have been can be/must be/to be /being
Manchmal knnen wir get statt have verwenden, um das Kausativ zu bilden (z.B. Shes getting her nails painted.) Wir knnen die Person nennen, die wir gebeten oder bezahlt haben, die Handlung auszufhren, mit: get + someone + to + do (Infinitiv) something They got the prisoner to walk the plank. Ill get my family to help me.