Sari Katzen 4/18/12 Video Lesson Plan: Determining a Relationship Between Environmental Factors and Fish Behavior Purpose

By watching the experiment through the video, students can determine a relationship between fish behavior and changing environmental factors. They will use their hypotheses and the experimental results to further understand the impact that environmental settings in which an animal lives will affect its behavior. Prior Knowledge Students will have already been learning about the unit plan for Classification of Organisms and Animal Behavior. To prepare for this lesson, they should know what defines an organism classified under Phylum Chordata. Students have to differentiate between fish in Class Actinopterygii and Class Sarcopterygii and know specifically about betafish. They should also know how to apply the scientific method to the experiment (formulating a hypothesis and predictions, making observations, examining results, and arriving at a conclusion). Objectives (Students will be able to): Formulate hypotheses and make predictions based on how the water temperature affects the fishs behavior Formulate hypotheses and make predictions based on the amount of light exposed to the fish bowl affects the fishs behavior Make observations about the fish behavior in each experiment Compare the observations (results) to their predictions Determine whether or not the results of the experiment matched their predictions Conclude if the results support or reject the original hypotheses for each experiment

Materials For students: Laptop/ Computer (in order to access the video) Experimental Video Data sheet for observations and results (to record information)

In video: Three beta fish (They are the dependent variables that represent the control and experimental groups) Three fish bowls (to house the fish) Room temperature, warm, and cold water for the fish bowls (since this is the independent variable being tested in experiment 1 Thermometer for water temperature

Fish food (to keep the fish alive during the experiments) A room with access to natural daylight (through windows) and artificial lighting (since the amount of light is the independent variable for experiment 2) A room in complete darkness (since the amount of light (or lack thereof) is the independent variable for experiment 2)

Procedure 1. Watch the video and pay close attention to the introduction (where I highlight two major fish classes under Phylum Chordata). 2. Formulate a hypothesis about the relationship between water temperature and fish behavior. 3. Predict what will happen to each fish (blue, red, and yellow) when they are placed in their corresponding water temperatures for thirty minutes (record on worksheet). 4. Record observations in Table 1 provided on the worksheet. 5. For the second experiment, formulate a hypothesis that relates the fish behavior to the amount of light exposed to the fish within a 24-hour period. 6. Predict what will happen to each fishs behavior after experiencing its respective light setting for 24 hours. 7. Record observations in Table 2 provided on the worksheet. 8. Discuss if the observations from both experiments match or do not match the corresponding prediction. 9. Decide if the results allow you to keep the hypothesis or if you have to reject it. Accommodations Each lab group will need to be provided with a laptop or computer in order to watch the video. Since they do not have to perform the actual experiment, the students can watch the videos in the computer lab, just in case there are no computers in the classroom. Timing The video is approximately 7 minutes and 10 seconds long so students will be able to watch the entire video within a class period. However, they may want to stop the video every so often to talk with group members or go back at certain points in the video to listen to instructions again or double-check observations. Overall, the video lesson should only take one class period; but if students need more time, they can at least record their observations on the handout. Then, the next class period will involve students discussing their observations with the rest of their lab group members and using that data to support or reject the hypothesis. If lab groups finish the assignment early, then they can start on homework given to them based on lessons done earlier in the week for this class. Data Table (on worksheet listed below) Assessment (Handout) To be sure of students completing each objective and understanding the purpose of the experiment, they will fill out a worksheet related to the video. Throughout the video, I ask for the students to take a moment and write down a hypothesis or prediction based on different parts of the experiments. For example, a hypothesis for the water temperature experiment could be that

water temperature does have an effect on fish behavior if there is any variation in the normal temperature (the temperature that the beta fish would be used to swimming in). For the light experiment, the hypothesis could be that fish will change its behavior when exposed to different amounts of light for a certain period of time. The lab groups will pause the video at these points and write down their hypotheses and predictions in the space provided on the worksheet. Then, underneath the hypotheses and predictions section, the tables for observations will be placed so that students can keep all of their information in one place. Finally, at the end of the worksheet, I will ask students to write down their conclusion about if their predictions were consistent with the observations made and if their hypotheses can be supported or rejected by the results. Example of Worksheet Hypotheses For Water Temperature ExperimentFor Amount of Light Exposed To Experiment-

Predictions Prediction Water Temperature Blue fish Red fish Yellow fish

Light

Data Tables Table 1: Observations for Experiment 1 (Water Temperature) Observation Questions Blue fish (control Red fish (experimental group for standard group for warm water) temperature) What was water temperature in the fish bowl? Describe the fishs behavior (movement, breathing rate, etc.) with standard water temperature. Describe the fishs behavior after it has been in its assigned temperature setting for thirty minutes. Yellow fish (experimental group for cool water)

Table 2: Observations for Experiment 2 (Exposure to Light) Observations Blue fish (control Red fish group) (experimental group) Describe the experimental setup for the fish bowl during the 24-hour period. Describe the fishs behavior before being placed into their assigned light settings. Describe the fishs behavior after the 24- hour period. Conclusion

Yellow fish (experimental group)

1. Explain if your observations match your predictions for experiments 1 and 2.

2. Decide if the results support or reject your hypotheses (again, for both experiments) and explain why.