GROUP I AgNO3 Anion

Formula Color (ppt.) Sol. In HNO3

BaCl2 AgCl AgBr AgI AgCN AgSCN Ag4Fe(CN)6 Ag3Fe(CN)6 White Light yellow Canary yellow White White White Orange Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble No ppt. No ppt. No ppt. No ppt. No ppt. No ppt. No ppt.

Cl Br I CN SCN -4 Fe(CN)6 -3 Fe(CN)6 Confirmatory Tests Anion Cl (chloride) CN (cyanide) Br (bromide)

-

Reagent Hg2(NO3)2, HNO3 Hg2(NO3)2, HNO3 KMnO4 (polar), H2SO4, chloroform (non-polar) KMnO4, H2SO4, chloroform (CHCl3) CH3COOH, NaNO2, starch solution FeCl3 FeCl3 FeSO4

I (iodide)

SCN (thiocyanate) -4 Fe(CN)6 (ferrocyanide) Fe(CN)6 (ferricyanide)

-3

Formula o Hg2Cl2 Hg o Hg2(CN)2 Hg Br2 gas Reddish brown/ brown gas I2 gas Violet gas I2 gas Violet gas -2 Fe(SCN) Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2

Color & Nature White to gray ppt. White to gray ppt. Orange to brown CHCl3 layer Violet/ purple layer Iodo-starch complex Blue-violet soln Blood red soln Prussian blue ppt. (darker) Tumbulls blue ppt. (lighter)

GROUP II Anion AgNO3 (formula) Color & Nature S Ag2S Black ppt.
-2

NO2 AgNO2 White ppt.

Sol. In HNO3 BaCl2 Confirmatory Tests Anion S (sulfide)

-2 -

Soluble No ppt.

Soluble No ppt.

CH3COO CH3COOAg White crystalline ppt. (scratch to show crystals) Soluble No ppt.

Reagents H2SO4 Pb(CH3COO)2 CH3COOH , FeSO4

Formula H2S gas PbS FeNOSO4 or FeSO4NO (ferrous nitrososulfate/ nitrocyl ferrous sulfate) CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 (ethyl acetate)

NO2 (nitrite)
-

Color & Nature Colorless gas with rotten egg odor Black ppt. Brown ring

CH3COO (acetate)

Conc. H2SO4 C2H5OH

Vinegar Fruity odor

Patrick Juacalla (1FPH) University of Santo Tomas

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GROUP III Anion SO3 (sulfite) -2 CO3 (carbonate) -3 BO3 (borate) -2 C2O4 (oxalate) -2 C4H4O6 (tartrate) -3 C6H5O7 (citrate)
-2

Formula Ag2SO3 Ag2CO3 Ag3BO3 Ag2O Ag2C2O4 Ag2C4H4O6 Ag3C6H5O7

AgNO3 Color (ppt.) White White to yellow White to brown White White White

Sol. In HNO3 Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble

BaCl2 Formula BaSO3 BaCO3 Ba3(BO3)2 BaC2O4 BaC4H4O6 Ba3(C6H5O7)2

BaCl2 Sol. In HNO3 Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble

Anion -2 SO3

Reagents H2SO4 Blue litmus paper KMnO4, H2SO4

Formula SO2 gas SO2 + H2O H2SO3 to H2SO4 H2S2O6

Color & Nature Garlic-like odor Red litmus paper Violet at first, then KMnO4 is decolorized (lighter purple) Colorless gas White ppt. Green tint/ green bordered flame White ppt. White ppt. Silver mirror Silver mirror

CO3 BO3

-2

-3

H2SO4 Ca(OH)2 H2SO4, CH3OH CaCl2 CH3COOH AgNO3, NH4OH, heat AgNO3, NH4OH, heat

CO2 gas CaCO3 (CH3)3BO3 CaC2O4 Insoluble 0 Ag 0 Ag

C2O4

-2

C4H4O6 -3 C6H5O7

-2

GROUP IV Anion AgNO3 (formula) Color & Nature Sol. In HNO3 BaCl2 Color & Nature Sol. In HNO3 PO4 Ag3PO4 Yellow ppt.
-3

AsO4 Ag3AsO4 Chocolate brown ppt. Soluble Ba3(AsO4)2 White ppt. Soluble

-3

AsO3 Ag3AsO3 Yellow ppt.

-3

Soluble BaHPO4 or Ba3(PO4)2 White ppt. Soluble

Soluble Ba3(AsO3)2 White ppt. Soluble

S2O3 Ag2S2O3 to Ag2S White to yellow to brown to black ppt. Soluble BaS2O3 White ppt. Soluble

-2

CrO4 Ag2CrO4 Brownish-red ppt. Soluble BaCrO4 Yellow ppt. Soluble

-2

Patrick Juacalla (1FPH) University of Santo Tomas

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Confirmatory Tests (GROUP IV) Anion -3 PO4

-3

AsO4

AsO3

-3

S2O3

-2

Reagent a.) NH4Cl, NH4OH, magnesia mixture b.) (NH4)2MoO4, HNO3 a.) NH4Cl, NH4OH, magnesia mixture b.) (NH4)2MoO4, HNO3 a.) NH4Cl, NH4OH, magnesia mixture b.) (NH4)2MoO4, HNO3 a.) H2SO4

Formula MgNH4AsO4 (NH4)3AsO4.12 MoO3 MgNH4AsO4 (NH4)3AsO4.12 MoO3 SO2 gas + S gas

Color & Nature White crystalline ppt. Yellow crystalline ppt. White crystalline ppt. Yellow crystalline ppt. No ppt. No ppt. Colorless gas with garlic-like odor with yellow ppt. Violet color of KMnO4 decolorized Yellow ppt. Yellow solution

b.) KMnO4, H2SO4 CrO4

-2

Pb(CH3COO)2 NaOH

PbCrO4 Na2PbO2

GROUP V Anion NO3 ClO3 NO3 ClO3 NO3 ClO3

-

Reagent AgNO3 AgNO3 BaCl2 BaCl2 Conc. H2SO4, FeSO4, H2SO4, KNO2

Formula FeNOSO4 (ferrous nitrososulfate) AgCl

Color & Nature No ppt. No ppt. No ppt. No ppt. Brown ring White ppt.

GROUP VI Anion -2 SO4 Reagent AgNO3 BaCl2 a.) Sol. In HNO3 Pb(CH3COO)2 a.) Sol. In NH4CH3COO Formula Diluted soln --Conc. soln Ag2SO4 BaSO4 (barium meal) Insoluble PbSO4 Pb(CH3COO)2 Color & Nature White ppt. White ppt. White ppt. Soluble

SO4

-2

Patrick Juacalla (1FPH) University of Santo Tomas

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