Explanation of Prophets & Messengers

Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid category: Prophethood source: Islam-QA.com reads: 556 Share & Spread the Benefit The well-known difference between a Prophet and a Messenger is that a Messenger is one to whom a law is revealed and he is commanded to convey it, whilst a Prophet is one to whom a law is revealed but he is not commanded to convey it. But this distinction is not free of problems, because a Prophet is also commanded to call people, convey the Message and judge among the people. Hence Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said: The correct view is that the Messenger is one who is sent to a disbelieving people, and the Prophet is one who is sent to a believing people with the shareeah of the Messenger who came before him, to teach them and judge between them, as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): "Verily, We did send down the Tawraat (Torah) [to Moosa (Moses)], therein was guidance and light, by which the Prophets, who submitted themselves to Allaahs Will, judged for the Jews." [al-Maaidah 5:44] So the Prophets of the Children of Israel judged by the Tawraat which Allaah had revealed to Moosa. With regard to the aayah, "...but he is the Messenger of Allaah and the last (end) of the Prophets." [al-Ahzaab 33:40] and why it did not say the last of the Messengers the end of the Message does not mean the end of Prophethood, but the end of Prophethood does mean the end of the Message. Hence the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "There will be no Prophet after me," and he did not say, there will be no Messenger after me. Thus we know that there is no Messenger and no Prophet after him (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him); he was the last of the Prophets and of the Messengers, (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).

Mankind's Need for Messengers

Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid category: Prophethood source: Islam-QA.com reads: 708 Share & Spread the Benefit The Prophets are the Messengers of Allaah to His slaves; they convey His commands, and give them glad tidings of the delights that Allaah has promised them if they obey His commands, and they warn them of the abiding punishment if they go against His prohibitions. They tell them the stories of the past nations and the punishment and vengeance that befell them in this world because they disobeyed the commands of their Lord. These divine commands and prohibitions cannot be known through independent thinking, hence Allaah has prescribed laws and enjoined commands and prohibitions, to honor mankind and protect their interests, because people may follow their desires and thus transgress the limits and abuse people and deprive them of their rights. So by His wisdom Allaah sent among them from time to time Messengers to remind them of the commands of Allaah and to warn them against failing into sin, to preach to them and to tell them the stories of those who came before them. For when people hear wondrous stories it makes their minds alert, so they understand and increase in knowledge and understand correctly. For the more people hear, the more ideas they will have; the more ideas they have, the more they will think; the more they think, the more they will know; and the more they know, the more they will do. So there is no alternative to sending Messengers in order to explain the truth. [Alaam al-Nubuwwah by Ali ibn Muhammad al-Maawardi, p. 33] Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) Ahmad ibn Abd alHaleem ibn Abd al-Salaam, who is well known as Ibn Taymiyah, born in 661 AH and died in 728 AH, one of the greatest scholars of Islam who wrote many valuable books said: Messengership is essential to guide mankind to that which is best for them in this world and in the Hereafter. Man cannot follow what is best for him with regard to the Hereafter unless he follows the Message and he cannot be guided to what is best for him in this world unless he follows the Message. Man needs the shareeah because he has two motives, to bring that which will benefit him and to ward off that which will harm him. This shareeah is the light of Allaah on this earth, and His justice among His slaves, and the refuge which whoever enters it will be safe. Shareeah does not mean distinguishing between what is beneficial and what is harmful on a physical basis, because even animals are able to do this. Donkeys and camels are able to differentiate between barley and dust. Rather the distinction is between deeds which will harm a person in this world and the Hereafter, and deeds which will benefit him in this world and in the Hereafter, such as faith, Tawheed, justice, righteousness, kindness, trustworthiness, chastity, courage, knowledge, patience, enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil,

upholding the ties of kinship, honouring ones parents, treating neighbours well, recognizing peoples rights, sincerely doing things for the sake of Allaah, putting one's trust in Him, seeking His help, accepting His decree, submitting to His will, believing in Him and in His Messengers in all that they have told us, and other deeds which are of benefit to a person in this world and in the Hereafter. The opposite of that leads him to misery and doom in this world and in the Hereafter. Were it not for the Messengers, our minds could not guide us to differentiate between the beneficial and the harmful in this life in a detailed manner. One of the greatest blessings that Allaah has bestowed upon His slaves is that He sent Messengers to them and revealed books to them, and showed them the Straight Path. Were it not for that, they would have been like cattle, and even worse off. So whoever accepts the Message of Allaah and adheres to it is one of the best of mankind, and whoever rejects it and ignores it is one of the worst of mankind, even worse off than dogs and pigs, and the vilest of the vile. The people of this world could not survive except by virtue of the Messengers teachings, traces of which are still extant amongst them. If these traces of the Messengers vanished from the earth and their teachings were wiped out, Allaah would destroy the upper and lower realms and the Hour would begin. The need of the people of the earth for the Messengers is not like their need for the sun, moon, wind and rain, or like a mans need for his life, or like the eyes need for light, or like the bodys need for food and drink. Rather it is greater than that, greater than his need for anything you could think of. The Messengers (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon them) are intermediaries between Allaah and His creation, conveying His commands and prohibitions. They are ambassadors from Him to His slaves. The last and greatest of them, the noblest before his Lord, was Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him, and upon all of them). Allaah sent him as a mercy to the worlds, guidance for those who want to draw closer to Allaah, proof which left no excuse for all people. He enjoined the people to obey him, love him, respect him, support him, and acknowledge his rights. Allaah took the covenant from all the Messengers and Prophets that they would believe in him and follow him, and He commanded them to take the same covenant from the believers who followed them. He sent him just before the Hour as a bringer of glad tidings and a warner, calling people to Allaah by His leave and as a brightly shining lamp. He concluded the line of Messengers with him. Through him He guided people and dispelled misguidance, taught them and dispelled ignorance. Through his Message He opened blind eyes, deaf ears and hard hearts. Through his message He filled the world with light after it had been in darkness, He brought people together after they had been divided, He straightened the crooked path of mankind and showed them the clear way. He opened his heart for him and removed from him his burden, and raised high his fame [cf. al-Sharh 94:1-3]. He inflicted humiliation and shame on those who went against his command. He sent him (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) at a time when there had been no Messengers for a long while and when the Books had vanished, when words had been distorted and laws changed, when all peoples referred to their own unfair opinions, developed their own ideas about Allaah and judged among people by their own corrupt ideas and whims and desires. Through him Allaah guided mankind and clarified the different means of drawing closer to Allaah. Through him, He brought the people forth from darkness into light. Through him, He differentiated between those who will prosper and those who are immoral. So whoever follows his guidance is truly guided, and whoever turns away from his path is misguided and has deviated. May Allaah send blessings and peace upon him and upon all the Messengers and Prophets.

[This list is from Wujoob al-Itisaam bil-Risaalah by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him), vol. 19, p. 99-102; and from Majmoo al-Fataawa. See Lawaami al-Anwaar al-Bahiyyah, vol. 2, p. 216, 236]
We may sum up mans need for the Messengers as follows:

Man is created and subjugated, and he has to know his Creator and what He wants of him, and why he was created. Man cannot come to know that independently. He has no way of finding that out except through knowing the Prophets and Messengers, and the guidance and light which they brought. Man is composed of body and soul, His body is nourished by his food and drink, but the nourishment of his soul is that which was explained by its Creator, namely the true religion and righteous deeds. The Prophets and Messengers brought the true religion and taught them to do righteous deeds. Man is religious by nature; he has to have a religion to follow, and this religion has to be correct. There is no way to the true religion except through believing in the Prophets and Messengers and believing in the message they brought. Man needs the way through which he may attain the pleasure of Allaah in this world, and reach His Paradise and bliss in the Hereafter. No one can show these ways and guide people to them apart from the Prophets and Messengers. Man is weak by nature, and there are many enemies lying in wait for him, such as the Shaytaan who wants to lead him astray and bad companions who make evil things attractive to him, and his own self which is inclined towards evil. Hence he needs something to protect himself from the plots of his enemies. The Prophets and Messengers guide him towards that and show it to him clearly. Man is sociable by nature. In human meetings and interactions, there have to be laws to guide people in a fair and just manner otherwise the law of the jungle would prevail. This guiding law must protect the rights of all those who have rights, without neglecting or exaggerating in any way. No one can produce a perfect law except the Prophets and Messengers. Man needs something that will give him security and peace of mind, and guide him to the means of true happiness. This is what the Prophets and Messengers guide people towards.

Other Prophets in Islam

Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid category: Prophethood source: Islam-QA.com reads: 534 Share & Spread the Benefit When Allaah sent Adam down to the earth and his descendents spread out, He did not forsake them. Rather He gave them provision and sent down to him and his descendents revelation. So some of them believed and some of them disbelieved: "And verily, We have sent among every Ummah (community, nation) a Messenger (proclaiming): Worship Allaah (Alone), and avoid (or keep away from) Taaghoot (all false deities, i.e. do not worship Taaghoot besides Allaah). Then of them were some whom Allaah guided and of them were some upon whom the straying was justified." [al-Nahl 16:36 interpretation of the meaning] There are four heavenly books which Allaah sent down. They are the Tawraat (Torah), Injeel (Gospel), Zaboor (Psalms)and the Quraan: "It is He Who has sent down the Book (the Quraan) to you (Muhammad) with truth, confirming what came before it. And He sent down the Tawraat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)." [Aal Imraan 3:3 interpretation of the meaning] And Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): "and to Dawood (David) We gave the Zaboor (Psalms)." [al-Israa 17:55] The Prophets and Messengers were many, and no one knows their number except Allaah. Among them are those of whom Allaah has told us, and some of whom He has not told us: "And Messengers We have mentioned to you before, and Messengers We have not mentioned to you." [al-Nisaa 4:164 interpretation of the meaning] It is obligatory to believe in all the Books which Allaah has revealed and in all the Prophets and Messengers whom Allaah has sent, as He says (interpretation of the meaning): "O you who believe! Believe in Allaah, and His Messenger (Muhammad), and the Book (the Quraan) which He has sent down to His Messenger, and the Scripture which He sent down to those before (him); and whosoever disbelieves in Allaah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, and the Last Day, then indeed he has strayed far away." [al-Nisaa 4:136]

Rasool (Messenger) and Nabi (Prophet) are two names with the same meaning, which is someone whom Allaah sent to call the people to worship Allaah alone, one of the Prophets and Messengers whom Allaah chose and sent to His slaves to convey His religion: "Messengers as bearers of good news as well as of warning in order that mankind should have no plea against Allaah after the (coming of) Messengers." [al-Nisaa 4:165 interpretation of the meaning] The Prophets and Messengers are many, of whom Allaah has mentioned twenty five in the Quraan, and we are obliged to believe in all of them. They are: Aadam, Idrees, Nooh, Hood, Saalih, Ibraaheem, Loot, Ismaaeel, Ishaaq, Yaqoob, Yoosuf, Shuayb, Ayyoob, Dhul-Kifl, Moosa, Haaroon, Dawood, Sulaymaan, Ilyaas, al-Yasa, Yoonus, Zakariyya, Yahyaa, Eesa and Muhammad blessings and peace be upon them all. The Quraan is the greatest and last of the heavenly Books, and it abrogates the books which came before it and is a witness over them, so we must follow it and ignore those which came before it: "And We have sent down to you (O Muhammad) the Book (this Quraan) in truth, confirming the Scripture that came before it and Mohaymin (trustworthy in highness and a witness) over it (old Scriptures). So judge among them by what Allaah has revealed." [al-Maaidah 5:48 interpretation of the meaning] Allaah chose Messengers and Prophets from among the sons of Adam, and sent them to each nation, and commanded them to call them to worship Allaah alone and to explain the ways which would bring happiness in this world and in the Hereafter, and to bring glad tidings of Paradise to those who believed and the warning of Hell to those who disbelieved: "And verily, We have sent among every Ummah (community, nation) a Messenger (proclaiming): Worship Allaah (Alone), and avoid (or keep away from) Taaghoot (all false deities, i.e. do not worship Taaghoot besides Allaah). Then of them were some whom Allaah guided and of them were some upon whom the straying was justified." [al-Nahl 16:36 interpretation of the meaning] Allaah preferred some of the Prophets and Messengers over others. The best of them are the "Messengers of strong will" who are Nooh, Ibraaheem, Moosa, Eesa and Muhammad; and the best of the Messengers of strong will is Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). For each Prophet was sent only to his own people, until Allaah sent Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to all of mankind. He is the last and the best of the Prophets and Messengers, as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): "And We have not sent you (O Muhammad) except as a giver of glad tidings and a warner to all mankind, but most of men know not." [Saba 34:28 interpretation of the meaning] The Prophets and Messengers were chosen by Allaah to be an example to their nations. He taught them, guided them and honoured them with the Message; He protected them from falling into sin and supported them with miracles. So they are the most perfect of humanity both physically and in their attitude, the best of them in knowledge, the most truthful in speech, the most exemplary in the life they lived. Allaah says of them (interpretation of the meaning):

"And We made them leaders, guiding (mankind) by Our Command, and We revealed to them the doing of good deeds, performing Salaah (Iqaamat-as-Salaah), and the giving of Zakaah and of Us (Alone) they were the worshippers." [al-Anbiyaa 21:73] Because the Prophets and Messengers reached such a high status of obedience and good character, Allaah has commanded us to take them as an example. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): "They are those whom Allaah had guided. So follow their guidance." [al-Anaam 6:90] All of the characteristics of the Prophets and Messengers were combined in our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), and Allaah honoured him by instilling in him the noblest characteristics. Therefore Allaah stated that his example is to be followed in all situations: "Indeed in the Messenger of Allaah (Muhammad) you have a good example to follow for him who hopes for (the Meeting with) Allaah and the Last Day, and remembers Allaah much." [al-Ahzaab 33:21 interpretation of the meaning] Belief in all the Prophets and Messengers is one of the pillars of Islamic belief (aqeedah), without which the faith of the Muslim cannot be complete, because they all preached the same message, which is belief in Allaah. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): "Say (O Muslims): We believe in Allaah and that which has been sent down to us and that which has been sent down to Ibraaheem (Abraham), Ismaaeel (Ishmael), Ishaaq (Isaac), Yaqoob (Jacob), and to Al-Asbaat [the offspring of the twelve sons of Yaqoob (Jacob)], and that which has been given to Moosa (Moses) and Isa (Jesus), and that which has been given to the Prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we have submitted (in Islam)." [al-Baqarah 2:136]