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2012DanGoodman BeforetheFourteenthAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesof AmericaandtheSlaughterhouseCases,intheUnitedStatesofAmerica,therewere twocitizensundertheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica;onewasa citizenofaState(native),underArticleIV,Section2,Clause1oftheConstitution, andtheotherwasacitizenoftheUnitedStates(naturalized)underArticleI,Section 8,Clause4oftheConstitution: AnaturalizedcitizenisindeedmadeacitizenunderanactofCongress,butthe actdoesnotproceedtogive,toregulate,ortoprescribehiscapacities.Hebecomes amemberofthesociety,possessingalltherightsofanativecitizen,andstanding,in theviewoftheconstitution,onthefootingofanative....Heisdistinguishablein nothingfromanativecitizen,exceptsofarastheconstitutionmakesthedistinction. Osbornv.BankofUnitedStates:22U.S.(9Wheat.)738,at827thru828(1824).
http://books.google.com/books?id=OUAFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA827#v=onepage&q&f=false
Inthecaseofanaturalizedalien,aswellasinthecaseofanindividualbornout ofthiscommonwealthinsomeotheroftheUnitedStates,theprivilegesand immunitiesofcitizenship,impliedinnaturalization,andexpresslydeclaredinthe constitution,mustbecompleteunderthefederallaws,withoutrequiringanyaid, oradmittingtheinterference,ofanystatelaw....Itisobvious,thattheprivileges andimmunitiesofthenaturalizedcitizenandofthecitizenofeachstate,areexactly thesame,undertheconstitutionoftheUnitedStatesart.42,andthenaturalized citizen,andthenativecitizenofNorthCarolina,wouldbebothequallyentitledto them,whatevertheyare,inthestateofVirginia.Opinion,Commonwealthv.Towles: 5Leigh743,at748thru749(1835).
http://books.google.com/books?id=aZ4UAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA277#v=onepage&q=&f=false
WhereasintheStateofConnecticutthereisthisexampleofjussoliandjus sanguinislegislation: Sec.1.(1857)AllpersonsborninthisState,allpersonsbornwithoutitslimits, ifchildrenofcitizensofthisState,whoaretemporarilyabsenttherefrom,andall otherpersonsbeingin,orcominginto,andlocatinginthisState,withintentto remainandresidepermanentlyascitizens,exceptaliens,paupers,andfugitives fromjusticeorservice,areandshallbedeemedtobecitizensofthisState,owingit allegianceandentitledtoreceiveitsprotection,untiltheyshallhavevoluntarily withdrawnfromitslimits,andbecomeincorporatedintosomeotherStateor sovereigntyasmembersthereof.TitleII,Chapter1,Section1ofTheGeneral StatutesoftheStateofConnecticut,revisionof1875,page4.
http://books.google.com/books?id=4dsZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA4#v=onepage&q&f=false
AndfromtheStateofVirginiathereisthisexampleofjussoliandjussanguinis legislation: 1.Allpersonsborninthisstate;allpersonsborninanyotherstateofthis Union,whomaybeorbecomeresidentsofthisstate;allaliensnaturalizedunderthe lawsoftheUnitedStates,whomaybeorbecomeresidentsofthisstate;allpersons whohaveobtainedarighttocitizenshipunderformerlaws;andallchildren whereverborn,whosefather,orifhebedead,whosemother,shallbeacitizenof thisstateatthetimeofthebirthofsuchchildren,shallbedeemedcitizensofthis state.Chapter358,Section1(AnACTtoAmendSection1,Chapter3oftheCodeof 1860,DefiningwhoareCitizensoftheStateofVirginia;ApprovedOctober31, 1870),ActsoftheGeneralAssemblyoftheStateofVirginiapassedattheSessionof 186970,page515.
http://books.google.com/books?id=AhQSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA515#v=onepage&q&f=false
Usingtheseexamplesoflegislation,itwaspossibleforonetobeacitizenoftwo statesatbirth;forexample,achildbornintheStateofConnecticutwhosefather wasacitizenoftheStateofVirginia;anotherexample,achildbornintheStateof Virginiawhosefatherormother,orbothwerecitizensoftheStateofConnecticut. Usingtheseexamplesoflegislation,itwaspossibleforonetobeacitizenofthree statesatbirth,achildbornintheStateofNewYorkwhosefatherwasacitizenof theStateofVirginiaandwhosemotherwasacitizenoftheStateofConnecticut. Thus,hereareexamplesinwhichonewouldberecognizedasacitizenofaState undertheprincipleofjussoliandjussanguinis.[Footnote2] WiththeratificationoftheFourteenthAmendment,theUnitedStatesofAmerica adoptedtheprincipleofjussanguinisfordeterminingthecitizenshipofonebornin theUnitedStatesandoverseas.[Footnote3] IntheUnitedStatescompletejurisdiction(politicaljurisdiction)mustexist betweenonewhoisbornintheUnitedStates,andnottheUnitedStatesofAmerica, andtheUnitedStatesgovernment,inorderforonetobeacitizenoftheUnited States.[Footnote4]Otherwise,oneisacitizenofanothersovereign,orsovereigns. However,intheseveralStates,theindividualStatesarestillfreetofollowjussoli, jussanguinis,orboth.IntheStateofCaliforniathereisthisexampleofjussoli legislation: Thecitizensofthestateare: 1. Allpersonsborninthisstateandresidingwithinit,exceptthechildrenof transientaliensandofalienpublicministersandconsuls; 3
________________________ Footnotes: 1.Theonlydifferencebetweenthem,beforetheFourteenthAmendment,wasthat anative(natural)borncitizen;thatis,acitizenofaState,couldbePresidentofthe UnitedStatesofAmericawhereasanaturalizedcitizen;thatis,acitizenofthe UnitedStates,couldnotbePresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica. 2.ThiswouldcausesomeconfusionforonewhowantedtorunforPresidentofthe UnitedStatesofAmerica.WhichStatewasheacitizenofforpurposesofbeing eligibletobePresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Theauthorhasconcluded thatjussoliwouldprevailsincethiswouldbethecriteriausedforoneborninan individualStatetoparentswhowerenaturalizedcitizensoftheUnitedStates.Jus sanguiniswouldgiveanabsurdresult;thatis,thatthechildborninanindividual State,was,basedonthecitizenshipofthefather,anaturalizedcitizenoftheUnited States.Note:therewasnosuchthingasacitizenoftheUnitedStates,onlyinthe lawofnations(internationallaw)wherebothacitizenofaStateandanaturalized citizenoftheUnitedStateswasrecognizedascitizensoftheUnitedStates.Thechild would,therefore,undertheprincipleofjussoli,beconsideredtobeacitizenofa State. 3.However,tobeeligiblefortheofficeofPresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica, oneisstillrequiredtobeanatural(native)borncitizen.Toseethatacitizenofa StateisstilltherequirementtobePresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,referto myworkNatural(Native)BornCitizen:Solved. 4.SeemyworkYesacitizenoftheUnitedStatesisdomicilintheDistrictof Columbia,theterritoriesandpossessionsoftheUnitedStatesorthefederal enclaveswithintheseveralStateswhereIshowthatacitizenoftheUnitedStates, undertheFourteenthAmendmentisacitizenoftheDistrictofColumbia,the territoriesandpossessionsoftheUnitedStatesgovernment,andthefederal enclaveswithintheseveralStatesoftheUnion. 5