Math 002 Intermediate Algebra

SP 11

Objectives & Assignments

Unit 1 Equations & Inequalities in One Variable and Absolute Value

I. Language and Operations with Algebra

1. Use the order of operations to simplify expressions. 2. Evaluate algebraic expressions. 3. Translate verbal statements into algebra.
II. Equations in One Variable and Problem Solving

4. Solve a linear equation in one variable. 5. Identify a conditional equation, contradiction, and identity. 6. Solve a literal equation in one variable. 7. Solve applications: mark up/down, geometry, interest calculations, number relationships.
III. Inequalities in One Variable

8. Solve inequalities and compound inequalities in one variable. 9. Graph the solution on a number line. 10. Write solutions in interval notation. 11. Solve applications that can be modeled by linear inequalities.
IV. Absolute Value

12. Solve absolute value equations.

Unit 1 Topic Introduction - Optional 1.5 1.6 1.8 3.2 3.3 3.4 Solving Linear Equations Applications Formulas & Problem Solving Linear Inequalities Compound Inequalities Absolute Value Equations Homework pg. 92: 5, 8, 35, 40, 42-87 (M3) pg. 50: 18-60(M3), 32, 61 pg. 60: 27-33(M3), 43-46(all), 49, 50, 53, 61, 64 pg. 83: 5-17(odds), 2535 (odds), 36 pg. 227: 1-15 (odd), 25-75(M5), 66, 76 pg. 237: 15-42(M3), 34, 50-70(M5) pg. 243: 6, 15, 33-54(M3), 83-87(all) Key Problems 48, 63, 72, 78 21, 32, 36, 42, 61 27, 46, 49, 61, 64 5, 17, 27, 31, 33 30, 50, 55, 66, 76 18, 27, 42, 65, 70 15, 39, 42, 54, 85

Math 002 Unit 1 - Student Notes

Section 1.2 1.4 Review
1. Using the Order of Operations: PEMDAS; p. 93 # 57-75 (M3) Complete #1 on Quick Check as an example.

Parentheses Exponents Multiplication/Division from left to right Addition/subtraction from left to right

2. Evaluate an expression containing a variable(s): p. 93 #78 Find the value of when

Section 1.5 - Solving Linear Equations Algebraically

Objectives Solve linear equations o using properties of equality. o that can be simplified by combining like terms. o containing fractions or decimals. Check solutions to linear equations. Identify conditional equations, identities, and contradictions. Vocabulary: Solution, equivalent equations, conditional equation, identity, contradiction 1. Linear equations in one variable. An example of a linear equation in one variable: Definition of a linear equation in one variable:

2. Solving linear equations: Solve the following equations and check the solution.
a)

general. EX 1, EX 3, EX 4
b)

3. Define solution:

4. Checking a solution by hand. EX 1 EX 7 using the graphing calculator. EX 1 EX 7

5. More types of equations.

containing fractions. EX 5 c)

containing decimals. EX 2, EX 7 d)

6. Summarize steps to solve algebraically: Clear fractions, decimals, and groupings (parentheses). Combine like terms on each side of the equation. Use the addition/ subtraction properties of equality to isolate the variable term. Use the multiplication/division properties of equality to solve for the variable .

7. Types of linear equations. The equations we have looked at so far have all been conditional equations, they are equations in which some specific number satisfies the equation and other numbers dont. Conditional - solution: _________________________EX 1 EX 7 Ex:

A contradiction is an equation that is not true for ___________________ of its variable. This is also called an impossible equation. Ex: Contradiction solution: ____________________ EX 8

An identity is an equation that is true for _________________ of its variable. Ex: Identity solution: ____________________________EX 9

Concept Check: I By inspection, decide which equations have no solution and which equations have all real numbers as solutions. Then identify the equation as a contradiction or identity. a) c) b) d)

Solve. e) 3(x 5) 4(x 4) x 1

f) 4(c 3) 2c 2(6 c)

1.6 An introduction to Problem Solving

Objectives: Write algebraic expressions that can be simplified. Apply the steps for problem solving. Writing and Simplifying Algebraic Expressions
In order to prepare for problem solving, we practice writing algebraic expressions that can be simplified.

1. Writing algebraic expressions from verbal expressions. Identify key words/phrases: more/less than, increase/decrease, times, of, is, etc. Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division

Consecutive integers, consecutive even integers, consecutive odd integers Consecutive Integers: Consecutive EVEN Integers: Consecutive ODD Integers:

Example 1 Write the following as algebraic expressions. Then simplify.

a) The sum of two consecutive even integers, if x is the first even integer.

b) The perimeter of the rectangle with sides of length x and 2x -1.

2. General Strategy for Problem Solving: This is in their books. a. Understand the problem. Become comfortable with the problem: i. ii. iii. Read and reread the problem. Construct a drawing. Choose and define a variable to represent the unknown.

b. Translate the problem into an equation c. Solve the equation d. Interpret the results: Check the proposed solution in the stated problem and state your conclusion. 5

3. Topics: Consecutive integers; EX 1a, EX 6 The sum of the first and third of three consecutive even integers is 156. Find the three even integers.

Finding unknown numbers; EX 3 A second number is three times the first number. A third number is 50 more than the first number. If their sum is 235, find the three numbers.

Perimeter; EX 1b; EX 5 In a blueprint of a rectangular room, the length is to be 2 centimeters greater than twice its width. Find the dimensions if the perimeter is to be 40 centimeters.

Mark-up (increase) /mark-down (decrease) ; EX 4 Luisa is a computer programmer. Her new salary of $30,000 reflects a 20% raise. What was her salary before the raise?

1.8 Formulas and Problem Solving

Objectives: Solve a formula for a specified variable. Use formulas to solve problems. 1. Define formula: A formula is an equation that _____________________________ _____________________. Some examples: Formula Meaning Area of a rectangle = length width

Other formulas are listed in the front cover of your text. 2. Solve a formula for a specified variable. These problems are similar to solving a linear

equation in one variable. EX 1, EX 2, EX 3

Example 1: Solve each equation for the specified variable. You might want to circle the term that includes the variable you are trying to isolate. #10

y mx b

; for x

#14

; for b

#24

3. Use formulas to solve problems.

Compound Interest:

EX 4

You will not need to memorize this formula but you will need to recognize it, know what the variables stand for so that you can substitute appropriately and evaluate using the graphing calculator. A= P= r= t= n = annually semiannually monthly quarterly weekly daily
#28 A principal of $25,000 is invested in an account paying an annual percentage rate of 5%. Find the amount in the account after 2 years if the account is compounded a) semiannually b) quarterly c) monthly

value for n :

n A

Temperature; area; distance

The formula converts degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius. Use this formula and the table feature of your calculator to complete the given table. If necessary, round values to the nearest tenth. Fahrenheit Celsius

-13

20

95

3.2 Linear Inequalities (in one variable) and Problem Solving

Objectives: Use interval notation. Solve linear inequalities using the addition and the multiplication properties of inequalities. Solve problems that can be modeled by linear inequalities.

1. Inequality symbols: < >

2. A solution of an inequality is a value that makes the inequality a true statement. The solution set of an inequality is the __________________________________.

3. Representations of a solution set: EX 1 a. Set notation: b. Graph:

c. Interval notation:

Sketch the graph.

d)

e)

f)

4. Solving linear inequalities is similar to solving linear equations.

Addition/Subtraction property of Inequality: can add/subtract the same number to both sides of the inequality and the direction of the inequality symbol remains the same. EX 2, EX 3

Multiplication property of inequality: multiply/divide both sides i. ii. by a positive number the direction of the inequality symbol ______________. EX 4a, EX 5 by a negative number the direction of the inequality symbol ______________. EX 4b, EX 6

Check algebraically. (Skip check graphically)

Example 1: Solve the simple linear inequalities, graph their solution sets, and write solution sets in interval notation.
a) b)

c)

d)

e)

5.

Solve applications modeled by a linear inequality. EX 8, EX 9 Example 2: Use an inequality to solve the following application. Shureka Washburn has scores of 72, 67, 82, and 79 on her algebra tests. i) Use an inequality to find the scores she must make on her final exam to pass the course with an average of 77 or higher , given that the final exam counts as two tests.

ii) In your own words explain the meaning of your answer to part a.

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3.3 Compound Inequalities

Objectives Find the intersection of two sets. Solve compound inequalities containing and. Find the union of two sets. Solve compound inequalities containing or.
Reflect on these situations: A. You get a discount if you are at least 18 years old and no more than 60 years old. B. You get a discount if you are less that 18 years old or at least 60 years old. C. You get a discount if you are less than 18 years old and at least 60 years old.

1. Compound inequalities: Two inequalities joined by the words and or or.

Two inequalities joined by the words and or or are called compound inequalities. Some examples are:

x 3 8 and

x2

2x 5 or 3

x 10 7

2. Find the intersection of two sets; and; : The set of all elements _________________________ where the sets overlap. EX 1

Find the intersection:

The solution set of a compound inequality formed by the word and is the _________________ of the solution sets of the two inequalities.

3. Solve compound inequalities containing and.

For the following examples solve each compound inequality, graph its solution set and IB in interval notation. ** Dont forget to check the endpoints whether to include them or not in the solution set.

a. one-sided interval. EX 2
and

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b. contained interval in between. EX 4, EX 5

and

c. Compact form. EX
You can solve a compound inequality written in compact form by ___________________________ ____________________ by applying transformations to each member of the inequality.

i)

ii)

d. No solution. EX 3
and

4. Find the union of two sets; or : The set of elements that belong to either of the sets. EX 6
The union of two sets A and B, is the set of all elements __________________________.

In either set A or B
Find the union:

or : union:

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5. Solve compound inequalities containing or.

The solution set of a compound inequality formed by the word or is the union of the solution sets of the two inequalities. Solve each compound inequality, graph its solution set and write it in interval notation. ** Dont forget to check the endpoints whether to include them or not in the solution set.

a. Two separate intervals. EX 7

b. One interval. #33

c. All real numbers. EX 8

6. The importance of order a. in an inequality: What is wrong with ?

b. in an interval: What is wrong with

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3.4 Absolute Value Equations

Objectives: Understand the geometric representation of the absolute value. Solve absolute value equations
1. : The absolute value of a number is its ___________________________on the real number line. means that is units from zero. Where is ? Either at ____ or _____.

a. Verbal phrase: b. Graph:

is

means that units from zero. or .

c. Equality: Where is ? Either at

Connect the verbal phrase, equation, and graph. Verbal Phrase The distance from x to 0 is 4.

Absolute Value Eqn Graph

Solution

2. Solving absolute value equations of the form where . Set up two equations EX 1, EX 2, EX 3

SOLVING EQUATIONS OF THE FORM

X a
, is equivalent to

If a is a positive number, then X a , where

a.

b.

of the form

where

. EX 4

14

of the form

where

. EX 7

Of the form

. EX 8

15