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Math Part
Review of Algebra
Chapter 0 & 1
integers
: the ratio of any circle's circumference to its diameter http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Pi-unrolled-720.gif
expansion:
non-repeating decimals.
famous examples are and e; their decimal expansion are
= 3.14159265358979323846264338328 . . . e = 2.71828182845904523536.
Real-number line
Number line: the real number system can be presented by
points on a line. Label the number line: using a symbol such as x, y, or z; in which case the number line is called the x-axis, the yaxis, or the z-axis, respectively. Well label our number line the x-axis.
Example
Variable
Variable A variable is a letter or symbol that represents a
a xb w/c
divide these numbers. In algebra, these operations are carried out symbolically:
Addition. The sum of a and b is a + b. Subtraction. The difference of a and b is a b. Multiplication. Product of a and b is ab or a b. The numbers a and b are called
Division. The quotient of a by b is or a/b, or less frequently (in algebra), ab. Division is only defined when the denominator b 0. The number a is the numerator, and b is the denominator.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
defined by
Operation Rules
Law of Exponents P10 Operations with Algebraic Expressions P16 Rules for Factoring P19 Fractions: Operations P21-25
Strategy for Solving: Isolate the unknown, x, on one side of the equation with other terms of the equation on the other side. Divide through both sides by the coefficient of the unknown to obtain the solution.
Applications of Equations
Business/Economic terms: Fixed costs, Variable cost, Total cost; Total
revenue; Profit (Example 3 Profit P48) The Anderson Company produces a product for which
the variable cost per unit is $6 and fixed cost is $80,000. Each unit has a selling price of $10.
Determine the number of units that must be sold for the company to earn a profit of $60,000.
Solution: Let q be the number of units that must be sold. Revenue = Pq = 10q Cost = Fixed Cost +Variable Cost = 80,000 + 6q Profit = Revenue Cost = 10q (80,000 + 6q) = 4q -80,000 Since Profit = 60,000 = 4q 80,000 => q = 35,000 35,000 units must be sold to earn a profit of $60,000.
equation:
(1) by factoring the left-hand side : (2) by applying the Quadratic Formula.
Quadratic Formula
Theorem. Consider the quadratic equation (1)
If
4ac < 0, equation (1) has no solutions; if 4ac = 0, equation (1) has only one solution; if 4ac > 0, equation (1) has two distinct solutions. In the latter two cases, the solutions are given by the Quadratic Formula:
Example:
Solution by Factoring: Factoring, we obtain
Thus
and
Applications of Equations
Market Equilibrium When the price of a product is p dollars each,
suppose that a manufacturer will supply units of the product to the market and that consumers will demand to buy units. At the value of p for which supply equals demand, the market is said to be in equilibrium. Find this value of p.
Supply = Demand = Market Equilibrium => Supply=Demand =>