MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

BY: Arlene Aseoche-Badiola CTP Sat 1:00pm to 3:00pm Prof. Maville Alastre-Dizon

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

A measures of central tendency may be defined as single expression of the net result of a complex group.

A statistical measure that identifies a single score as representative for an entire distribution.

Objectives

The goal of central tendency is to find the single score that is most typical or most representative of the entire group To facilitate comparison

ARITHMETIC MEAN

The most commonly used and familiar index of central tendency for a set of raw data or a distribution is the mean

The mean is simply arithmetic average

The arithmetic mean of a set of values is their sum divided by their number

MERITS OF THE USE OF MEAN

It is easy to understand

It is rigidly defined

It is easy to calculate

It provides a good comparison

It utilizes entire data in the group

LIMITATIONS
In the absence of actual data it can mislead Abnormal difference between the highest and the lowest score would lead to fallacious conclusions

A mean sometimes gives such result as appear almost absurd e.g. 4.3 children

Its value cannot be determined graphically

MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

Assumptions when used

When the frequency distribution is regular / symmetrical/ normal

Assumptions when used

Usually used when the data are numeric (interval or ratio)

CALCULATION OF MEAN
For Ungrouped Data
used

for few cases (N<30)

Formula:

Mean= Sum of scores _ Sum by the number of cases X= X/N

CALCULATION OF MEAN
Calculate mean for 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 68
Mean= Sum of scores Sum by the number of cases _ X= X/ N
_ X = (40 + 45 + 50 +55 +60 + 68) 6 _ X = 318 6 Mean = 53

Formula

Problem

Solution

CALCULATION OF MEAN
For Group Data

used for large cases ( N 30 ) Two methods in computing

1. 2.

Using Midpoint Method Using Class Deviation Method

CALCULATION OF MEAN
For Group Data using Midpoint Method
Formula:

_ X = MF / N

Where : M midpoints F frequency N number of cases

CALCULATION OF MEAN
Class Limits 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 M 47 42 37 32 27 F 2 0 12 13 10 MF 94 0 444 416 270

_ X = MF / N _ X = 1450 / 50

20-24
15-19 10-14

22
17 12

5
4 4 N=50

110
68 48 MF=1450

Mean= 29

CALCULATION OF MEAN
For Group Data using Class Deviation Method
Formula:

_ X = AM+ i ( FD / N ) Where : AM assumed mean D deviation i class interval F frequency N number of cases

CALCULATION OF MEAN
Class Limits 45-49 40-44 F 2 0 D 3 2 FD 6 0

35-39
30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 i=5

12
13 10 5 4 4 N = 50

1
0 -1 -2 -3 -4

12
0 -10 -10 -12 -16 FD = -30

_ X = AM+ i ( FD / N ) _ X = 32 + 5 (-30 50) _ X = 32 + 5 (-0.6) _ X = 32 +(-3) Mean = 29

REFERENCES

Evaluating Educational Outcomes (Test, Measurement and Evaluation) - L.L. Oriondo and E.D. Antonio

Measurement and Evaluation Reviewer - Dr.M.U. Balagtas and Prof. A.G. Dacanay

THANK YOU