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Fiber Properties - Basic properties to define a fiber.: Certain other fiber properties increase its value and desirability in its intended end-use but are not necessary properties essential to make a fiber... Definite qualities required by fiber: ...
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A number of methods available characterization of structural, physical, chemical fibers.

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Physical classification of Fibers: Fibers are broadly classified into Filament yarns and Staple Yarns on the basis of their physical structure.Filament yarns are measured in yards or me... Blended Fiber Analysis: ... History of Fibers - Natural and Manmade Fibers: Natural fibers have traditionally been used in all cultures of the world to meet basic requirements of clothing, storage, building material, and for i... Timeline of Manmade Fibers: A useful filament was not produced until the last part of the 19th century, when Swann and de Chardonnet extruded a solution of cellulose nitrate (co...

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Fiber Identification Methods

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Ginning: The process of seperating the seeds from the cotton fibers.Types of precesses,Points to be considered for fiber during processing.It also mentions var... Natural Fibers - fibers from the nature: All fibers which come from natural sources (animals, plants, etc.) and do not require fiber formation or reformation are classed as natural fibers.... Natural Cellulose Fibers - natures own fibers: Cellulose is a fibrous material of plant Origin and the basis of all natural and man-made cellulosic fibers. The natural cellulosic fibers include cot... Properties of Vegetable/Plant/Cellulosic fibers: Chemically, cotton is the purest vegetable fiber, containing >90% cellulose with little or no lignin.... Natural Cellulosic Seed Fibers: ... Natural Cellulosic Bast Fibers: Natural Cellulosic Bast Fibers... Natural Cellulosic Leaf Fibers: Natural Cellulosic Leaf Fibers... Natural Protein Fibers - hair -fur - silk: The protein fibers are formed by natural animal sources through condensation of a-amino acids to form repeating polyamide units with various substitue... Natural Protein Wool Fibers: Wool, common name applied to the soft, curly fibers obtained chiefly from the fleece of domesticated sheep, and used extensively in textile manufactur... Natural Protein Insect (Silk/Cocoon) Fibers: Natural Protein Insect (Silk/Cocoon) Fibers...

Microscopic Identification: Positive identification of many natural fibers is possible using the microscope Solubility: The chemical structure of polymers in a fiber determines the fiber's basic solubility characteristics Heating and Burning Characteristics: The reaction of fibers to heat from an open flame is a useful guide in identification of fibers. Density or Specific Gravity: Fiber density may be used as an aid in fiber identification Staining: Fibers have differing dyeing characteristics and affinities dependent on the chemical and morphological structure of the fiber.

Textile The word "textile" was originally used to define a woven fab... Fiber Fiber is a hair-like strand of material. It is flexible and ... Textile Yarns Yarns are continuous strands of fibers that can be woven or ... Spinning The term "spinning" can be refer to the whole activity or ju... Fabrics The major methods for fabric manufacture are weaving and kni... Weaving Weaving is the interlacing of yarns in a regular order to cr... Knitting Knitting is the most common method of interloping and is sec... Embroidery Embroidery is the art or handicraft of decorating fabric or ... Textile Finishing Textile Finishing is any operation (other than preparation a... Apparel Textile products used for clothing is broadly fibers.

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Structural, Physical and Chemical Characterization

A number of methods are available for characterization of the structural, physical, and chemical properties of

Natural Protein Hair/Fur Fibers: Hair fibers obtained from different kinds of animals also contribute to the fabric formation such as Musk-Ox (Qiviut), Alpaca, Mohair, Cashmere, Camel...

termed as Appa... Technical Textiles Technical textile are textile products manufactured for non-... Fashion Fashion is not defined solely by clothing choices, but it is... Conversion Formulas Interactive, table style conversion calculator to determine ... Costing Costing is the deciding factor of the prices and the impor... Dispatch Dispatching is the process of delivering the products to the...

Optical and Electron Microscopy: Optical microscopy (OM) has been used for many years as a rel iable method to determine the gross morphology of a fiber in longitudinal as well as cross-sectional views. Elemental and End-Group Analysis: The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical elements and groups in a fiber may aid in identification and characterization of a fiber Infrared Spectroscopy: Infrared spectroscopy is determination of functional groups within a fiber a valuable tool in

Natural Mineral/Metallic Fibers: A number of fibers exist that are derived from natural mineral sources or are manufactured from inorganic and mineral salts. These fibers are predomin... Manmade artificial fibers: Man-made fibers are fibers in which either the basic chemical units have been formed by chemical synthesis followed by fiber formation or the polymers... Manufacturing of Manmade Fibers: Manmade fibers are manufactured using different mechanical and chemical processes for example Synthetic fibers from thermoplastics are produced by ext... Man-made Regenerated Cellulose Fibers: Certain natural cellulose fibers are treated and re-produced for specific purposes. The famous fibers such as Viscose Rayon, Acetate etc. are produce... Manmade Regenerated Protein Fibers: Manmade protein fibers are produced by dissolving proteins like casein from milk, soya bean protein, and zein from corn in diluted alkali and forcing ... Manmade Synthetic Fibers: The synthetic man-made fibers include the polyamides (nylon), polyesters, acrylics, polyolefin, vinyl, and elastomeric fibers, while the regenerated f... Manmade Mineral Fibers: Manmade Mineral Fibers... Polymer Fibers - manmade artificial fibers: Polymers are made up of many molecules all strung together to form really long chains. Things that are made of polymers look, feel, and act depending ... Polyamide Fibers - manmade artificial fibers: The two main types of fibre are polyamide 6, usually known as Perlon, and polyamide 6.6, which is generally called Nylon to distinguish it from Perlon... Elastomeric Fibers - fibers with elastic capability: Elastomeric fibers are those fibers that possess extremely high elongations (400%-8001) at break and that recover fully and rapidly from high el... Polyolefin Fibers - manmade artificial fibers: Polyolefin fibers are those fibers produced from polymers formed by chain growth polymerization of olefins (alkenes) and which contain greater than 85...

Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy: The ultraviolet-visible spectra of fibers, dyes, and finishes can provide clues concerning the structure of these materials, as well as show the nature of electronic transitions that occur within the material as light is absorbed at various wavelengths by unsaturated groups giving an electronically excited molecule. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measures the relative magnitude and direction (moment) of spin orientation of the nucleus of the individual atoms within a polymer from a fiber in solution in a highintensity magnetic field X-Ray Diffraction: X-rays diffracted from or reflected off of crystalline or semicrystalline polymeric materials will give patterns related to the crystalline and amorphous areas within a fiber Thermal Analysis: Physical and chemical changes in fibers may be investigated by measuring changes in selected properties as small samples of fiber are heated at a steady rate over a given temperature range in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen. Molecular Weight Determination: Molecular weight determination methods provide information concerning the average size and distribution of individual polymer molecules making up a fiber Mechanical and Tensile Property Measurements: Mechanical and tensile measurements for fibers include tenacity or tensile strength, elongation at break, recovery from limited elongation, stiffness (relative force required to bend the fiber), and recovery from bending. Specific Gravity: The specific gravity of a fiber is a measure of its density in relation to the density of the same volume of water, and provides a method to relate the mass per unit volume of a given fiber to that of other fibers Environmental Properties: Environmental properties include those physical properties which relate to the environment in which a fiber is found. Moisture regain, solvent solubility, heat conductivity, the physical effect of heat, and the electrical properties depend on the environmental conditions surrounding the fiber Chemical Properties: The chemical properties of fibers include the effects of chemical agents including acids, bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and biological agents such as molds and mildews on the fiber and light- and heatinduced chemical changes within the fiber

End-Use Property Characterization

End-use property characterization methods often involve use of laboratory techniques which are adapted to simulate actual conditions of average wear on the textile or that can predict performance in end-use. End-use methods are usually voluntary or mandatory standards developed by test or trade organizations or by government agencies. Organizations involved in standards development for textile end-use include the following:
American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Society of Dyers and Colorists (SDC) International Standards Organization (ISO)

Vinyl Fibers - manmade artificial fibers: Vinyl fibers are those man-made fibers spun from polymers or copolymers of substituted vinyl monomers and include vinyon, vinyl, vinyon-vinyl matrix (... Miscellaneous Fibers - specialty fibers: Fibers which do not logically "fit" under other classifications such as natural, manmade, mineral etc. such novaloid, carbon, polyphenylenedibenzimid... Ads by Google Software for Textile Textile and Fabric Physical Properties Chemical Properties

End user properties characterizations are determined on the following

aspects:
Characteristics Related to Identity, Aesthetics, and Comfort: Fibers are known by common, generic, and trade names. The Textile Fiber Products Identification Act, administered by the Federal Trade Commission, established generic names for all major classes of fibers based on the structure of the fiber Characteristics Related to Durability and Wear: The useful I ife of a fabric depends on a number of factors, including the strength, stretch, recovery, toughness, and abrasion resistance of the fiber and the tearing and bursting resistance of the fabrics made from that fiber Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Response of Fiber to Its Environmental Surroundings: The physical and chemical characteristics of a fiber affect a number of important end-use properties: Heat (physical and chemical) effect on fibers, including the safe ironing temperature and flammability, Wetting of and soil removal from the fiber, including laundering, drycleaning, and fiber dyeability and fastness, and Chemical resistance, including resistance to attack by household chemicals and atmospheric gases, particularly in the presence of sunlight.

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Next Topic History of Fibers - Natural and Manmade Fibers Natural fibers have traditionally been used in all cultures of the world to meet basic requirements of clothing, storage, building material, and for items of daily use such as ropes and fishing nets.

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