INTRODUCTION

Winches are lifting, hauling or holding devices in which a tensioned rope is wound round a rotating drum. They are extensively used for transporting people or goods, and they can be found especially in mines and in marine applications. Winches are the fundamental elements, for example, in crane and mooring systems, for activating cable cars, lifts and as a matter of fact, whenever a dynamic pull is required from a flexible rope. Throughout history winches have been used and probably the earliest illustration of a directly coupled winch is the mechanism used at a well-head for lifting water containers. Fundamentally the term winch describes the whole machine which consists of a drum or pulley carrying rope and driven by some form of power unit. The choice of drum/rope configuration, drive transmission and power unit depends upon the designed application. There is also a brake system to lock the drum from rotating for holding load and safety reasons. The drum can be manually driven or by electric, hydraulic or steam power depending on the application, and the driving device is coupled to the drum directly or indirectly according to the availability of torque and the torque requirements. An indirect coupling would be to use a clutch or gear and the intermediate of both components. Most systems are gear coupled when the power source is not capable of producing adequate torque, but when it can be used, the direct coupling system is mechanically better. It eliminates gearing, reduces the number of bearings and simplifies the overall design.

THEORY

Technical Data T1 = Number of teeth on the pinion = 12 T2 = Number of teeth on the spur wheel = 60 D = Diameter of the effort wheel = 220mm d = Diameter of the load drum = 110mm

Effort Wheel

Pinion

Load Drum

Spur Wheel

EXPERIMENT
Aim To find the Mechanical Advantage, Velocity Ratio and Efficiency of Winch. Theory T1 = Number of teeth on the pinion T2 = Number of teeth on the spur wheel D = Diameter of the effort wheel d = Diameter of the load drum V.R = Distance moved by effort / Distance moved by load = D / ( d / (T1/T2) ) M.A = Load / Effort Efficiency = M.A / V.R Procedure 1. Firstly stabilize the single purchase crab machine and wrap the cord around the load drum and the effort wheel. 2. Put some weight on the load drum and add some effort to the effort wheel via hanger. 3. Stop adding effort until both the load and effort got stabilized. 4. Write down the reading in the observation table. 5. After this apply the above procedure, four to five times with gradually increasing the load as well as effort to the load drum and effort wheel respectively. 6. Write down all the readings in the given observation table. 7. Measure the Diameter of load drum and effort wheel. 8. Calculate M.A, V.R and Efficiency of machine. Observations Sr. # Load W (N) Effort P (N)