Polymeric Materials

2012

DEVELOPMENT OF POLYMERIC MATRIX COMPOSITE BY

HAND LAYUP METHOD
Composite Materials:
Composite materials, often shortened to composites or called composition materials, are engineered or naturally occurring materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties which remain separate and distinct at the macroscopic or microscopic scale within the finished structure. Composites are made up of individual materials referred to as constituent materials.

Constituent materials in a composite:

There are two categories of constituent materials Matrix Reinforcement

Role of matrix: The matrix material surrounds and supports the reinforcement materials by maintaining their relative positions. Role of reinforcements: The reinforcements impart their special mechanical and physical properties to enhance the matrix properties.

Polymeric Composite Matrix:

Composite material which has composite fibers, particles, or filaments imbedded during its resinous, or malleable, phase. Hand lay up process is one of the processes used to prepare the polymeric matrix composite.

Polymeric Materials

2012

HAND LAY UP PROCESS:

The most popular type of open molding is hand lay up process . It involves the following steps: COATING OF MOLD: The mold is coated by a release anti adhesive-agent, preventing sticking of the molded product its removal is quite difficult.

PRIME SURFACE LAYER:

The prime surface layer of the part is formed by applying gel coating.

REINFORCEMENTS:
A layer of fine fibre reinforcing tissue is applied. Reinforcing fibres in the form of woven fabrics, roving or chopped strands are applied. RESIN COATING: Layers of liquid matrix resin are applied. The resin mixture may be applied either by brush or roll. An example of resin is epoxy resin.

CURING:
The part is then cured. Curing factors involves here are temperature and pressure.

REMOVAL FROM THE MOLD:

After curing the part is removed from the mold surface.

Polymeric Materials
Advantages: Widely used Low tooling cost Larger and complex items can be produced Disadvantages: Labour intensive Low volume process Quality control is entirely dependent on skill of labourers. Figure:

2012

Polymeric Materials
The application of the Bell Less Top charging system provides the following benefits:

2012

Improved furnace operational stability & efficiency leading to better hot metal chemistry control; Increased furnace productivity; Lower operating costs thanks to reduced coke consumption and higher attainable PCI rates; Longer campaign life thanks to reduced blast furnace wall heat loads; Limited equipment maintenance, easy and quick maintainability.