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Project Detail Design Report: Traffic Directing Light System

Lafayette School Corporation Mr. Roger Francis (Project Partner Liaison)


Steve Kalafut Travis Lutz Ryan Scheckelhoff Craig Horan Rod Fiske

Overview of Design:
Basic Components: Traffic Light: The traffic light is composed of four faces intended for use at a four
way intersection. Each face is composed of two sets of lights: an X for stop and two connected arrows pointing in the forward and right directions (no left turns for this intersection). The lighting is a set of LEDs, red for the X and green for the arrows. o The four faces are interfaced by a microcontroller which controls whether the X or arrows are lit on each face at a certain time. The lights are ensured not to have two directions crossing the intersection at the same time. o The power for the LEDs is dependent on power from the microcontroller through amplifiers. Each set of Xs and arrows are powered through a different amplifier due to the presence of a resistor in the green LEDs. The amplifier is composed of a standard 571 op amp. o The input to the device is the logic of 1 or 0 from the microcontroller and approximately 2 volts. The output is either a lit LED or a non-lit LED. Microcontrollers (Transmitting and Receiving): The CPU of the system is a set of 2 microcontrollers. One microcontroller is located in the traffic light, the other is in the control box. The controller in the control box will send a signal to the traffic light enabling it to put forth the proper light arrangement on the light faces. The programming flow charts are attached to the report. o The microcontrollers are dependent on a 9V power source which will come up from the citys power grid which has been confirmed as a 120V AC signal. An AC/DC converter will be implemented to adjust the voltage to operate the traffic light properly. The microcontroller will release a 5V DC signal from each output that will input into the amplifier to be properly adjusted to power the various LED light faces. o The input to the transmitting microcontroller will be a signal from the pushbutton of the control interface. The output will be a logic signal transmitted to the RF transmitter for delivery to the RF Receiver. The input to the receiving microcontroller will be the logic signal transferred from the RF set and the output will be the logic arrangement for the 4 face of the traffic light into the amplifier. RF (Radio Frequency) Transmitter/Receiver: The two microcontrollers communicate to each other through RF signals produced by a Radio Frequency Transmitter/Receiver set. The receiver module is a Wen Shing RWS-371-6. The transmitter module is a Wen Shing TWS-BS3. The set has a 433.92MHz frequency range. The specifications sheets for both are attached below in the document. The Transmitter/Receiver set communicates through their respective dipole antennas. The actual antennas will be designed this semester but not implemented until next semester. o The Receiver is interfaced on the breadboard located within the traffic light where it is powered by a 3.6 volt source (adjusted through a resistor). Here it connects up with its antenna and the microcontroller through which it relays its information to. The Transmitter is interfaced on the breadboard within the control box. Here it is also powered by a 3.6 volt source and connects up with

the antenna and the microcontroller from which is sends the logic to the Receiver in the traffic light. o The input to the transmitter is the logic signal from the microcontroller. The output is a radio frequency transmission that is outputted through the antenna and is eventually sent over to the Receiver. The input to the Receiver is the radio frequency transmission from the antenna and the output is the logic from the control boxs microcontroller which is sent to the traffic lights microcontroller. Control Interface: Located in a remote location will be the control box. The control box can be distanced up to 500 feet from the traffic light to get a strong perform a strong signal transfer. On the control box will be a diagram showing what each face of the traffic light is currently showing. This will not create a feedback loop. The information for this diagram will come directly from the transmitting microcontroller. o The control box is dependent on a 9 Volt power source which will simply come from a wall outlet within whatever location the box will be operating from. The power will go directly into the breadboard where the power will be distributed to the various components of the interface. o The input to the control interface is the selection chosen by the user of the system. The output will be a signal sent from the push buttons to the microcontroller.

Detail Design of Sub-Modules:


The design models and schematics of each of the above sub-modules is attached to the report.

Proof of Concepts Developed:


No prototypes were created during the design process. The project we are creating is a prototype for demonstration to the Lafayette School Corporation. No portion of the project was completed for proof-of-concept.

Design Influences:
Economic: The budget for the project was rather unlimited so we did not have to adjust our design specifications due to a lack of finances. We purchased an Radio Frequency set of high quality to ensure proper operation and technical support. The pricing on the remainder of the system was rather standard and inexpensive. Environmental: The project is not harmful to the environment in any way so adjusting to environmental benefits was not an issue. Weather conditions were a variable that needed to be taken into consideration due to the fact that the light will be

located outdoors. Proper protection of the traffic light will be necessary so as to avoid damage due to rain, snow, high temperatures, and other extreme weather conditions. While our prototype model will not include any of these protective components, suggestions and design specifications will be presented to the project partner. Ethical: The traffic light system is a benefit to the community and a safety implementation for the proper protection of student pedestrians and drivers. Ethically there are no specifications needed to ensure this consideration. Health and Safety: There is a set of federal requirements on the design of traffic light systems. The following standards had to be taken into consideration throughout the design of the system. o Traffic light face had to be of a minimum size so as to be clearly seen by any driver or pedestrian whose path is affected by the traffic light o The brightness of the traffic lighting must be of a certain level so as to be clearly seen by anyone whose path is affected by the light o A long set of rules is entailed in the following pdf file: http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/traffops/signtech/mutcdsupp/pdf/camutcd/CAMUTC D-Part4.pdf Manufacturability: Due to the fact that this project is a prototype and not an actual production model, there were no manufacturability considerations because we will be creating the traffic light ourselves. Political: All the Indiana Traffic Control State Requirements can be found on the following website: http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title9/ar21/ch3.html Social: The traffic light must have a beneficial effect on the traffic flow of the school area rather than impede the traffic further in any way. Therefore the design specifications must be set up to efficiently direct the flow of traffic. Sustainability: Certain components were inserted into the design of the traffic light to prevent from regular maintenance issues. Here is a list of these components: o Crowbar: Prevents cascade failure in a parallel circuit. In the event that current becomes impeded anywhere in the LED circuit a crowbar will ensure that current will continue to flow throughout the rest of the light signal outside of the affected area. o Line Driver: Linear Amplifier that boosts current, used in applications where the original source doesn't have enough current. Used when there are long lead lengths w/ too much resistive loss through the lines so sufficient current is needed. This device will be implemented with the amplifier to ensure power is sustained from the microcontroller to the LED light faces. Aesthetics: The appearance of the traffic light is an important characteristic to the traffic light. We made sure a proper colored perf board was used so as to make the LEDs clearly viewable and not impede the clearness of color on the traffic faces. Gorilla Glue was used to attach two perf boards together to create the proper sized traffic face. Some of the glue seemed out onto the traffic face and had to be filed down to remain invisible. We generally want a good looking project so as appear organized in our design and production of the system to gain the Corporations approval.

Comparison of Project to Specifications:

Similarities: o The traffic light will still be error proofed so as not to have two directions crossing over the intersection at the same time. This is to avoid accidents and uphold safety. o Control Box will still be kept in the principals office using push button control for easy use by a staff member. o The product will still be aesthetically designed to catch the attention of all motorists and pedestrians. It must be large enough in size and the LED lighting must be bright enough for visibility. o Different traffic schedules will be programmed into the Transmitting Microcontroller to allow use at different times of the day as well as special events. Differences: o An operator in the principals office will no longer have a camera view of the intersection controlled by the traffic light. Traffic situations will be relayed by staff workers to the office operator so as to manually operate the traffic light when necessary. o There is no longer a left arrow on the traffic light due to the specification that the intersection will have a no left turn policy implemented. o We have discarded to possibility of solar powering because we will only be covering traffic at two locations with two traffic lights. The traffic lights will have no need for mobility therein no need for solar paneling. o We will no longer be implementing a shield for protection of the traffic light because this model is only a prototype and will not actually be advanced into production for actual use. o The light will no longer be reviewed to ensure safety standards upheld. While we will present all the safety requirements to the Corporation, we will not actually be implementing the safety features / standards because it is only a prototype. o The Specifications Report says that we will be purchasing a traffic light from a third party supplier. We will actually be creating the traffic light ourselves.

Design Decision Table:


The Design Decision Table is attached as an Excel file to the Report.

Bill of Materials:
The Bill of Materials is attached to the report.

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