Chapter 48 Question

Study online at quizlet.com/_3las3

1.

A "resting" motor neuron is expected to A nervous system can alter activities in its target cells in muscles and glands because A neuropeptide that might function as a natual analgesic is A simple nervous system

exhibit a resting potential that is more negative than the "threshold" potential. the target cells have receptor proteins for the signals released by the nervous system. endorphin

10.

2.

3.

Assume that a single IPSP has a negative magnitude of -.5 mV at teh axon hillock, and that a single EPSP has a positive magnitude of +.5 mV. FOr a neuron with niitial membrane potential is -70 mV, the net effect of the simultaneous arrive of 6 IPSPs and 2 EPSPs would be to move the membrane potential to Assume the excessive consumption of ethanol increases the influx of negativ chloride ions into "common sense" neurons whose action potentials are needed for you to act appropriately and not harm yourself or others. Thus, any resulting poor decisions associated with ethanol infestion are likely due to For a neuron with an initial membrane potential at -70mV, an increase in the movement of potassium ions out of that neuron's cytoplasm would result in Functionally, this cellular location is the neuron's "decision-making site" as to whether or noe an action potential will be initiated. In certain large animals, this type of neuron can extend beyond one meter in length In the communication link between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle

-72mV.

11.

4.

has information flow bot toward and sway from an integrating center prevent depolarization phase of the action potential more rapidly in myelinated than in non-myelinated axons. the opening of voltagegated potassium channels and the closing of sodium activation gates. GABA
14. 12.

decreased membrane depolarization of "common sense" neurons.

5.

A toxin that binds specifically to voltage-gated sodium channels in axons would be expected to Action potentials move along axons After the depolarization phase of an action potential, the resting potentialis restored by An amino acid that operates at inhibitory synapses in the brain An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) occurs in a membrane made more permeable to

6.

hyperpolarization of the neuron.

7.

13.

axon hillock

8.

a sensory neuron

9.

potassium ions
15.

the motor neuron is considered the presynaptic cell and the skeletal muscle is the postsynaptic cell. the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. interneurons cell body impulses causing the release of a chemical signal and it's duffusion across the gap.

16.

In the sequence of permeability changes for a complete action potential, the first of these events that occures is Most of the neurons in the human brain are Most of the organelles in a neuron are located in the Neural transmission across a mammalian synaptic gap is accomplished by

17.

18.

19.

20.

Neurotransmitters affect postsynaptic cells by

Choices Ainitiating signal transduction pathways in the cells B causing molecular changes in the cells C affecting ion-channel proteins D altering the permwability of the cells are all correct diffusion

30.

Saltatory conduction is a term applied to conduction of impulses

jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next in a myelinated neuron permitting passage only to a specific ion. is the minimum depolarization needed to operate the voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels. its degradtion by a hydrolytic enzyme on the postsynaptic membrane. acetylcholine acetylcholine GABA

31.

The "selectivity of a particular ion channel refers to its THe "threshold" potential of a membrane

32.

33.

The activity of acetylcholine in a synapse is terminated by

21.

Neurotransmitters are released from axon terminals via Neurotransmitters categorized as inhibitory would are expected to One disadvantage to a nerve net is that it can conduct impluses in two directions from the point of the stilulus. Most of the sybapes in vertebraes conduct information in only one direction Receptors for neurotransmitters are of promary function importance in assuring one-way synaptiv tranmission because they are mostly found on the Refer to the graph: The membrane potential is closes to the equilibrium potential for potassium at label Refer to the graph: The membrane's permeability to soium ions is at it's maximum at label Refer to the graph: The neuronal membrane is at it's resting potential at label Refer to the graph:The cell is not hyperpolarized, but repolarization is in progress, as the sodium channels are closing or closed, tnad many potassium channels have opened at label Refer to the graph:The minimum graded depolarization neede to operate the voltage gated sodium and potassium channels is indicated by the label

34.

22.

hyperpolarize the membrane. because the sodiumpotassium pump moves ions in one direction dendritic membrane.

The botulinum toxin reduces the synaptic release of The heart naturally slows when responding to The major inhibitory neurotransmitter of teh human brain is The observation that the acetylcholine releases into the junction between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle binds to a sodium channel and opens it is an example of The operation of the sodium potasium pump moves

35.

23.

36.

37.

a ligand-gated sodium channel

24.

38. 25.

D- lowest point B- highest point E- level of start and finish line Cdownwards slope

sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell acetylcholine

26.

39.

27.

The primary neurotransmitter from the parasympathetic system that influences its autonomic target is

28.

29.

A- Threshold

40.

The steps below refer to various stages in transmission at a chemical synapse

3. An action potential depolarizes the membrane of the axon terminal. 2.Calcium ions rush into the neuron's cytoplasm 5.The synaptic cesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. 1. Neurotransmitter binds with receptors associated with the postsynaptic membrane. 4. The ligand-gated ion channels open. presynatptic membrane nitric oxide slightly permeable to dodium ions

41. 42. 43.

The surface on a neuron that discharges synaptic vesicles is the This neuro-active compound is not stored in presynaptiv vesicles Though the membrane of a "resting" neuron is highly permeable to potassium ions, its membrane potential does not exactly match the equilibrium potential for potassium because the neuronal membrane is When several EPSPs arrive at the axon hillock from different dendritic locations, depolarizing the postsynaptic cell to threshold for an action potential, this is an example of When several IPSPs arrive at the axon hillock rapidly in sequence from a single dendritic location, hyperpolarizing the postsynaptic cell more and more and thus preventing an action potential, this is an example of

44.

spatial summation.

45.

temporal summation