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Assignment 4

s031802 Loui Algren

December 14th 2011

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Contents
Question 1 (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix A q1.m 1 1 1 1 4

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Question 1
(i)
The annualized xed costs is F ixedCost = CapitalCost F CR $216 $1800 0.12 = F ixedCost[coal] = kW year kW year F ixedCost[gas] = $96 $800 0.12 = kW year kW year

The annualized variable costs is calculated as follows V ariableCost = (HeatRate F uelCost + O&M ) 8760hours CF 9800Btu $1.4 106 $0.004 $124.18 V ariableCost[coal] = + 8760hours 0.8 = kW h Btu kW h kW year V ariableCost[gas] = 9500Btu $4.5 106 $0.005 + kW h Btu kW h 8760hours 0.8 = $334.63 kW year

It is seen that the coal steam plant has much higher xed costs than the gas steam plant. On the other hand the coal steam plant has much lower variable costs than the gas steam plant.

(ii)
In gure 1 is shown the the price of power as a function of the amount for both plants. The coal steam plant is red and gas steam plant is green. It is seen that if it runs more than 3996 full load hours then the coal steam plant is the cheapest whereas if it runs less than 3996 hours a year, the gas steam plant is the cheaper solution. The load duration curve is shown in gure 2. The coal steam plant is the base load and should be dimensioned to full demand at least 3996 full load hours a year. This means that it should be dimensioned to have a capacity of 3000M W . The gas steam plant should then be dimensioned to cover the peak load which is the remaining 2000M W when the demand is 5000M W . The optimal capacity of each plant is OptimalCapacity[coal] = 3000M W OptimalCapacity[gas] = 2000M W If the peak load had been for more than 3996 hours, the optimal capacity would be for the coal steam plant to cover all 5000M W and there would be no gas steam plant in the system. The calculations made in this assignment were done in the Matlab script, q1.m, which can be found in Appendix.

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550

500

450

400 Price pr. Unit Power [$/kW]

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

1000

2000

3000

4000 5000 Time [hours]

6000

7000

8000

9000

Figure 1: Cost: The coal steam plant is red and the gas steam plan is green

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6000

5000

4000

Load [MW]

3000

2000

1000

1000

2000

3000

4000 5000 Time [hours]

6000

7000

8000

9000

Figure 2: Simplied load duration curve

A Q1.M

A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

q1.m
clear a l l ; close a l l ; clc ; cap_coal = 1800; cap_gas = 800; heatr_coal = 9800; heatr_gas = 9500; fuelc_coal = 1.4; fuelc_gas = 4.5; om_coal = 0.004; % om_gas = 0.005; % FCR = 0.12; CF = 0.8; % $/kW % $/kW % Btu/kWh % Btu/kWh % $/million Btu % $/million Btu $/kWh $/kWh % /year % % $/kW/year % $/kW/year % $/kW/year % $/kW/year

fixc_coal = cap_coal * FCR ; fixc_gas = cap_gas * FCR ;

varc_coal = ( heatr_coal * fuelc_coal *10^ -6+ om_coal )*8760* CF ; varc_gas = ( heatr_gas * fuelc_gas *10^ -6+ om_gas )*8760* CF ;

h =0:8760; cost_coal = fixc_coal +( heatr_coal * fuelc_coal *10^ -6+ om_coal )* h ; cost_gas = fixc_gas +( heatr_gas * fuelc_gas *10^ -6+ om_gas )* h ; f i g u r e (1) plot (h , cost_coal , r ,h , cost_gas , g ); xlabel ( Time [ hours ] ) ylabel ( Price pr . Unit Power [ $ / kW ] ) print - dpdf cost % crosses 3996.004h peak =5000; %MW peakh =3000; %hours base =3000; %MW baseh =5760; %hours ph =1: peakh ; pl = peak * ones (1 , length ( ph )); bh = peakh : baseh + peakh ; bl = base * ones (1 , length ( bh )); f i g u r e (2) plot ( ph , pl , g ,bh , bl , r ); ylim ([0 6000]); xlabel ( Time [ hours ] ) ylabel ( Load [ MW ] ) print - dpdf demand