SEMESTER PRESENTATION

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Definition: - In finance, the purchase of a financial product or other item of value with an expectation of favorable future returns.

-In business, the purchase by a producer of a physical good, such as durable equipment or inventory, in the hope of improving future business. - In general terms, investment means the use money in the hope of making more money.

Definition: A "layman" or "layperson" is a person who is: a non-expert in a given field of knowledge. does not have specialized or professional knowledge of a subject.

Concerns:
- Easy to supervise - Low risk

- Instant profit
- Low investment cost - Security

- Future forecast

FACTORS Variable inflation Lack of education

Family influences
Culture influences Status Population Scope of investment

Back bone of Pakistan Prosperity through layman investment Decrease in poverty

Health and education

Self Employed:
Live Stock farming, agriculture, Urban Transport Systems, Mineral Sector, Utility Services etc

Bank Investments:
We Give money to banks and banks invest the money.

Stock Exchanges:
Buying and selling of shares in Stock Market

Building and Renting:

Setting up buildings, construction of stores rooms like cold and humid stores, parking plazas etc

SELF EMPLOYED INVESTMENT

UNEMPLOYED INVESTMENT

A layman with a very slight knowledge of IT and Telecom can open any of the mentioned offices with very less effort and can have a huge return with a small investment.

IT Enabled Services/Technologies Call Centers GIS (Geographical Information System) mapping) Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Calling Cards Wireless Local Loops (WLL) Audiotex Trunk Radio Digital Radio Paging Internet/Electronic Information Services Card Pay Phone Services Burglar Alarm Services Video Conferencing

Agriculture
Agriculture is the single largest sector of the economy. It contributes 24 percent of the GDP, employs 48.4 percent of countrys workforce and is a major source of foreign exchange earnings.
Agriculture Based Investment Areas in Pakistan: Establish Wholesale fruit & vegetable business. Flower arrangement and production. Frozen fruits and vegetables units. Cool chains including cold storage, mobile refrigeration units etc. Greenhouse farming and greenhouse supplies. Food-grade paper, plastic and tin plated can production. Packaging and printing units. Certified seed and planting material production units. Installing tube wells or buying water tankers for irrigation on rent basis. Investing in inorganic fertilizers and insecticides.

Live Stock
Being a layman from an agriculture country where plenty of food is available for livestock. Likewise weather conditions are also not harsh to create a problem for livestock, thus making it very easy for a layman to invest his money and pave his path for a heavy return. Areas of Investment are:
Live Stock Based Investment Areas in Pakistan: Poultry. Fish farming. Production of mutton through raising sheep and goats. Milk production from goats and cows. Importing high quality vaccinations and selling to Livestock farmers. Grow farms for animals feed and cultivate high quality animal feed.

Building and Construction

Being a developing country, Pakistan has a lot of need for new multi story offices and residential apartments to meet the needs of developing country.
Building and Construction Investment Areas in Pakistan: Building homes and renting them out. Invest in real estate, price of land will increase with passage of time, thus generating huge profits. Building store rooms and dry ports that can attract others to take advantage from them. Cold storage stores are way short in Pakistan causing huge losses in vegetables, fruits and meat etc. Building humid stores at out skirts of sugarcane industry. Constructing hotels, restaurants, motels and guest houses etc.

Mineral Sector
Pakistan has got mountainous northern areas. A lot of rocky mountains in western Baluchistan. Salt Range. Huge coastal area.
In mineral sector, investments can be done in following areas: Gathering ornamental stones from mountainous area people and selling to jewelers. Rich areas of rubby and gypsum stone. Setting up a small plant for generation edible salt from rock salt Coral reefs can gathered from coastal areas and sold in open market or jewlers.

Consultancy services
- Recently migrated urban people

unaware of rural areas. - People need guidance

to guide people in their decisions regarding property buying and selling, businesses etc and charging them for ones consoling.

Transportation
- Rapid increase in petroleum prices - A lot of rush on highways causing tension and high blood pressures
Transportation investment options: local transports radio cabs taxi rent outs Car rental

Investments In Internationally Renowned Companies

One only has to look at the profile of company where he is investing and just buy the shares in company. Following can be example of such firms:
Companies where one can invest: Emaar Properties BILDCO Etisalat International Airlines like:
American Airlines Etihad Airways Emirates

Bank Investments
National and international level banks allow citizens to keep their capital in their banks and banks invest them in different projects and share the generated profit amongst account holders
National banks where one can invest are: National Bank of Pakistan Bank of Punjab Bank Alfalah Habib Bank Askari Bank MCB Bank Limited Citi bank Investments can also be done in international banks like: City Union bank Gulf Bank HSBC Silk Bank Barclays

Stock Markets
Big companies sale their shares in stock market to generate capital for their tasks. One can buy their shares and these companies share their generated profit amongst its share holders.
Companies whose shares one can buy: PTCL Engro fertilizers Adamjee Insurance Co. Ltd Abbott Laboratories Shell pakistan Gul Ahmed Textile Mills Limited ICI Pakistan PSO National Foods Pak Suzuki

Franchising
Franchising is the practice of using another firms successful business model. One can buy franchise of: - business with a good track record of profitability. - Businesses which are easily duplicaed
One can buy franchise of: Mc Donald KFC Telecom companies like: - Telenor - Ufone - Mobilink Chen One Samsung Nokia Nike

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