GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME SUBJECT: PHYSICAL SCIENCE GRADE 11 SESSION 19 (LEARNER NOTES)

ELECTROSTATICS AND CAPACITANCE CONSOLIDATION Teacher Note: Revise this section well to fully understand the concepts, terms and equations.

LESSON OVERVIEW
1.

2. 3.

Introduce session 5 minutes Typical exam questions 30 minutes Review/solutions/memo 25 minutes

SECTION A: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS Question 1: 10 minutes (The charge of an electron is given on the info sheet. A proton has the same charge, just positive. Draw neatly according to criteria. ) 1.1 Calculate the electrostatic force between a proton and electron in a hydrogen atom. The radius of the 1s orbital in the atom is 5 x 10-9 m. (5) 1.2 Draw the electric filed pattern between the proton and electron (4) 1.3 What is the electrostatic force between the nucleus and electrons in a helium atom? (2) (Refer to helium on the periodic table to determine its number of electrons and protons, use the ratio from the formula to determine the relationship between force, and charge) (11) Question 2: 10 minutes Teacher Note: Questions that combine gravitational force between masses and electrostatic forces are often asked. The object is held up stationary the force of repulsion is the same as the force of gravitation on the object. (When the mass of a charged object is given take care, often this is an indication that when the resultant force is asked, the gravitational force should be used as well. Gravitational force attracts, electrostatic force can attract or repel, calculate which is greater - attraction or repulsion.) Y is a small sphere in a glass cylinder. It has a positive charge and a mass of 0,04 kg. An identical neutral sphere Z is now dropped into the cylinder. The two spheres make contact and then Z is repelled so that their centres are 30 cm apart.

Z Y

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GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME SUBJECT: PHYSICAL SCIENCE GRADE 11 SESSION 19 (LEARNER NOTES)

2.1 2.2 2.3

Calculate the weight of Z (2) Calculate the charge on Y and Z (4) Calculate the original charge on Y (2) (When charges touch, they transfer charges, the one is neutral. This means that after touching, the original charge of the object is shared between the two.) (8) Question 3: 10 minutes A charge Q1 of 4 nC and Q2 of -2 nC are 9 cm apart. 3.1 Find the electric field strength due to Q1 at a point X which is 6 cm from Q1 (Q1 causes the field at X) (4)

3.2

Find the electric field strength due to Q2 at the point X (4) (Q2 causes the field at X, determine the distance between the charge and point X) Calculate the resultant field strength at point X (3) (11)

3.3

SECTION B: SOLUTIONS AND HINTS

Teacher Note: Make sure it is understood when to use each of the different formulae and which charge to use, k is always the same coulombs electrostatic constant. Question 1: 1.1

kQ1Q 2 r2 9 109 (1,6 10-19 )(-1,6 10-19 ) F = (5 10-9 ) 2 F = - 9,22 x 10-12 N

F = 9,22 x 10-12 N attraction

(Remember to substitute the sign of the charge and to interpret your answer i.e. say what your answer means, attract or repel, negative force is attraction because the charges are opposite.)
1.2

+ +

Mark allocation Direction of field lines at proton Direction field lines electron No field lines crossing Resultant shape of field

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GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME SUBJECT: PHYSICAL SCIENCE GRADE 11 SESSION 19 (LEARNER NOTES)

(Draw according to criteria of electric fields) 2 1.3 4 He it has twice as many protons and electrons F Q1 Q2 The charge will be 4 x greater 4 x - 9,22 x 10-12 N = - 3,59 x 10-11 N (Learn the relationships from your equations, then look at how the new element, etc. changed in terms of charge or distance.) Question 2: 2.1 F = mg = 0,04 x 9,8 = 0,39 N

kQ1Q 2 r2 9 109 Q1Q 2 0,392 = 0,032

2.2 F = Q2 = 3,92 x 10-14 Q = 1,97 x 10-7 C positive

2.3

Original charge was double charge after touching 2 x 1,97 x 10-7 C = 3,95 x 10-7 C

Question 3: (Make sure you know your formulae and terminology so you can use the correct equation and charge) kQ 3.1 E = 2 r 9 109 4 10-9 E = 0,062 E = 10 000 N.C-1 away from Q1

3.2

E =

kQ

r2 9 109 (-2 10-9 ) E = 0,032 E = -20 000 N.C-1 E = 20 000 N.C-1 to Q1

Enet = EQ1 + EQ2 Enet = 10 000 + 20 000 N.C-1 = 30 000 N.C-1

3.3

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GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME PHYSICAL SCIENCES Grade 11 SESSION 18 (TEACHER NOTES)

Teacher Note: Do this section as a vector revision section. Field and force are vectors. After calculating the field or force, learners must draw a vector diagram to show the force or field in the correct direction. Encourage learners to use the direction of the vector in the diagram and not the sign of the answer to determine the resultant. SECTION D: HOMEWORK

Teacher Note: Make sure to emphasize correct formula and converting to the correct units in this section Question 1: 1.1 1.2 8 minutes (3)

Calculate the electric potential at a distance of 12 cm from a 4 C charge

The charge is double and the distance halved, by what factor will the potential change? Show by means of mathematical relationships the reason for your answer (4) (7) Question 2: 12 minutes 2.1 2.2 Calculate the potential of a 0,2 F if it carries a charge of 25 mC (3)

Calculate the charge carried by a capacitor with a capacitance of 80 F when the potential difference is 6 V (3) If the capacitor discharges the current becomes less. Explain. (3)

2.3 2.4

If the capacitor is discharged through a resistor with a high resistance, how will it compare to the discharge through a resistor of low resistance? (3) (12)

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GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME PHYSICAL SCIENCES Grade 11 SESSION 18 (TEACHER NOTES)

SECTION E: SOLUTIONS TO SESSION 18 HOMEWORK Question 1: 1.1

kQ r 9 109 4 10-6 V = 0,12

V = V = 300 00 V

1.2

Increase by factor of 4 V Q V 1/r

Question 2: 2.1 C=

Q V

0,2 x 10-6 =

25 103 V V = 125 000 V

Q V

2.2

C=

Q 6 Q = 4,8 x 10-4 C
80 x 10-6 = 2.3

V , as the capacitor discharges the potential difference across it reduces, V I I therefore the current is reduced
R=

2.4

V , R is inversely proportional to the current in the resistor, the greater the I resistance the lower the current and the longer it takes to discharge
R=

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