Lecture 20 Column Footings

All columns must bear on footings. Usually these footings are square or circular for ease of design and formwork. The same general requirements and design fundamentals pertain to column footings as for wall footings, i.e., Column Footing Requirements: 1) Must distribute the loads evenly to the soil. 2) Bottom of footing must be deeper than the frost penetration or else frost heave will occur. 3) Must be well-drained to prevent wash-out. 4) Must bear on undisturbed (or engineered) soil. A typical column footing is shown below:

Steel column Steel Base Plate w/ anchor rods (4 min) Concrete pier (or conc. column)

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Example
GIVEN: A steel column rests on a 10 x 10 steel base plate over a 12 x 12 concrete pier centered over a square footing. Use the following: PDEAD = 120 KIPS (Service Load) PLIVE = 100 KIPS (Service Load) Concrete fc = 3000 PSI Depth to frost = 4-0 Allowable soil bearing = qa = 4000 PSF Soil unit weight = 100 PCF Use #7 grade 60 bars for all bars Concrete cover = 3 per ACI

REQUIRED: Design the square concrete footing, including all dimensions and bars. Provide a Summary Sketch showing all information necessary to build it. Step 1 Determine Trial footing thickness: Assume footing thickness 1(Column or Pier Width) 1(12) TRY Footing Thickness = 15 Step 2 Determine effective soil bearing qe: qe = effective soil bearing pressure = reduced soil bearing due to wt. of footing & soil above footing = qa (wt. of footing) (wt. of soil) Soil overburden Finished grade 2-9
Depth to frost = 4-0

1-3

qe qe = 4000 PSF (1.25(150 PCF)) (2.75(100 PCF)) = 3538 PSF = 3.5 KSF

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Step 3 Determine length & width of footing: Area of footing =

Ptotal qe
PDEAD + PLIVE qe

(120 KIPS ) + (100 KIPS ) 3.5KSF

= 62.9 ft2 Length x Width = 62.9 ft2 Since Length = Width (Length)2 = 62.9 ft2 Length = 7.93 feet Use 8-0 x 8-0 square footing Area = 64 ft2 > 62.9 ft2 Step 4 Determine bearing pressure for strength design, qu: qu =

1.2( PDEAD ) + 1.6( PLIVE ) Footing _ Area 1.2(120 KIPS ) + 1.6(100 KIPS ) 64 ft 2

qu = 4.75 kips/ft2

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Step 5 Determine depth to tension bars d:

#7 bar

Footing thickness = 15

d = Footing thickness (concrete cover) (bar diameter) 7 = 15 3 " 8 = 11.56

Step 6 Determine minimum reqd d required to resist 2-way punching shear:

Conc. pier

Ftg. Length

Footing thickness = 15

d 2

Pier width

d 2

Ftg. Plan bo = shear perimeter

bo 4
bo d = pier width + 2( ) 4 2

= 12 + 2(

11.56" ) 2

bo = 23.56 = 1.96 feet 4

bo = 94.24
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Ftg. Width

Vu2 = 2-way punching shear

b = qu(Footing area - o ) 4
2

= 4.75 KSF(64 ft2 - (1.96') )

2

= 285.8 KIPS = 285,800 Lbs. dreqd = required depth to tension steel for shear =

Vu 2 (0.85)4 f ' c bo
285,800 Lbs. (0.85)4 3000 PSI (94.24" )

dreqd = 16.3 Since dreqd = 16.3 > 11.56 must increase footing thickness Revised footing thickness = h = dreqd + Conc. cover + (Bar dia.)

7 = 16.3 + 3 + " 8
= 19.73 USE Revised footing thickness = 20

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Step 7 Determine moment on footing overhang, Mu: Footing overhang

Column pier

8-0

3-6

12 8-0

3-6

qu Footing overhang Side View

Mu = (Footing width)(qu)

( Footing _ Overhang ) 2 2

= (8-0)(4.75KSF) = 232.8 Kip-Ft

(3.5' ) 2 2

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Step 8 Determine area of tension steel As: 232.8Kip Ft (12000

Mu = bd 2

Lb Inch ) Kip Ft
2

1 0.9(8'0" x12" / ft ) 20"3" (7 / 8" ) 2

d = 16.56 = 117.9 PSI From Lecture 4 Table at fc = 3000 PSI use min = 0.0033 since 117.9 PSI < 190.3 PSI. As = bd = (0.0033)(8-0 x 12/ft)(16.56) As = 5.25 in2 Step 9 Determine tension bar layout: Number of bars =
As As _ per _ bar

5.25in 2 = 0.60in 2 _ per _#7bar = 8.75 bars Use 9 - #7 bars both ways at bottom of footing

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Step 10 Draw Summary Sketch: Steel column on 12 x 12 base plate centered over footing pier

Finished grade 4-0 minimum

9 - #7 bars both ways

20

3 conc. cover all around 8-0

NOTES:
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Conc. fc = 3000 PSI. All bars grade 60 Allow. Soil bearing = 4000 PSF Anchor rods not shown for clarity Pier reinf. & dowels not shown for clarity

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