10.

Use Dotplot and One Way to see whether the Otis scores differed by a statistically significant

amount for the three education groups Preprofessional. Professional. Student ---in the cartoon experiment (appendix A page 490)

10.2

Plywood is made by cutting thin continuous layer of wood off a log as it is spun around.

Several of these thin layers are then glued together to made a plywood sheets. Thirty logs were used in a study. A chuck was inserted into each end of a log. The then was turned and a sharp blade was used to cut off a thin layer of wood. Three temperature levels were used. Ten logs were tested at each temperature. The torque that could be applied to the log before the chuck spun out was measured. Open the plywood 1 worksheet and use dotplot and One way to see how the temperature level effects the amount of torque that can be applied. See Table 10.11.

Table 10.11
Temp. 60 F 120 F 150 F 17.5 15.5 16.5 16.5 17.0 17.5 17.0 18.5 15.5 17.0 15.5 16.5 Torque 15.0 18.0 17.0 18.5 16.0 13.5 15.0 16.0 16.0 22.0 14.0 13.5 17.5 17.5 16.0 17.5 17.5 16.5

10.3 In a simple pendulum experiment. A weight (bob) suspended at the end of a length of string. The top of the string is supported by some sort of stable frame. Under ideal conditions the time (T) required for a single cycle of pendulum is related to the length (L) of the string by the equation.

T =

Where , as usual, = 3.14159 and g is the pull (acceleration) of gravity. If the time required for a cycle and the length of the are measured, this equation can be solved to give an estimate of g. In theory neither the length of the pendulum nor the type of bob should have any effect on the estimate of g. In practice, however, things that are not supposed to make any difference often do. So, it is often a good policy, when doing a experiment, to vary , in a carefully balanced manner, things that are not supposed to matter. Therefore the experiment was run using four different lengths of string and two types of boos. Table 10.12 shows estimates of g, in centimeters per second squared, as obtained by college professors during a short course on the use of statistics in physics and chemistry courses.

Table 10.12 Estimates of g from pendulum experiment

Heavy bob

Light bob

60 924 973 955 966 949 955

Length of Pendulum (cm) 70 994 969 968 973 997 988

80 970 975 970 985 999 994

90 1000 1017 1055 960 1041 962

(a)

Open the pendulum worksheet and use Dotplot to display the data and do a one way analysis of variance to see whether effect the mean estimate of g. Use only the data obtained with the heavy bob. (Weight=1 is heavy bob)

(b) Repeat part (a), using only the obtained with the light bob. 10.4
In the Restaurant survey (described in Appendix A, page 496) the various restaurants were classified by the variable type food as fast food, supper club, and other. Open the restaurant worksheet and use appropriate displays and the One way command to determine the following:

(a) (b) (c)

Do these three groups spend approximately the same percent of their sales on advertising?(use the

variable Ads) Do they spend the same percent on wages? (Use variable wages.) Do they spend the same percent on the cost of goods? (Use variable cost good.)

10.5 Very small amounts of manganese are important to a good diet. Unfortunately measurements of these small amounts is quite difficult. To help researchers evaluate their ability to such small amounts, the National Institute of Standard and Technology ( NIST; formerly the National Bureau of Standards) Distributes samples of cow liver together with a accurate chemical analysis of the amount of manganese in each sample. The data given here are from one part of the evaluation. Eleven pieces were taken from one cows liver. The experimenters wanted to know whether the amount of manganese varied from piece to piece. Of course even if the pieces were exactly the same, there would still be some differences in the recorded amounts just because of errors in measurements. Therefore the question posed was, Do the 11 recorded amounts vary more than you would expect from measurements alone? To get some of how large measurement error was. The experimenters measured each piece twice. The amount of manganese (in piece per million) is given in Table 10.13. Open the Liver worksheet and one way to see whether there is a statistically significant difference among the 11 pieces.

Table 10.13 Manganese data

Piece 1 10.02 10.03 2 10.41 9.79 3 10.25 9.80 4 9.41 10.17 5 9.73 10.75 6 10.07 9.76 7 10.09 9.38 8 9.85 9.99 9 10.02 9.51 10 9.92 10.01 11 9.30 10.2

10.6 Steel maker finds the small differences in the amount of oxygen in steel material an important difference in the quality of the steel they produce. Since small amount of oxygen is difficult to measure accurately, NIST agreed to made very careful measurements on some homogeneous material, then to distribute the samples to steel manufacturers that could use them to check whether the own instruments were making accurate measurements. The researchers NIST took a long homogeneous steel rod and it into 4 inches pieces . They randomly selected 20 of these pieces and labeled them 1 through 20. Then they made two very careful measurements of the amount of the oxygen in each piece. Measurements were made over a five day period in January. On each day the measurements were made in the order shown in Table 10.14. The table also provide the data, which are stored in the worksheet Oxygen. Bear in mind the findings and measuring quantities as small as 5 parts of oxygen in 1 million parts of steel is very difficult and is subject to a wide variety un suspected scores of error. (a) (b) (c) Is there any evidence that the 20 pieces are not homogeneous? Use one way. Is there any evidence of day to day variation? There is a major unsuspected source of error in these measurements. Can you find it?