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Geoffrey Thyne, Mark Tomasso, David Budd, Sharon Bywater-Reyes and Brian Reyes
Current increase comes from burning Fossil Fuels Increase in atmosphere is linked to climate changes There will be a Tax on carbon emissions
Study Area
Moxa Arch mile long north-south trending anticline Late Cretaceous uplift to create structure Extensive trap for hydrocarbons (mostly gas) in Mesozoic and Cenozoic sections Paleozoic section contains CO2, CH4, H2S and He Zone of interest is Mississippian Madison Formation
Core information
Detailed descriptions of the four cores. Recognize several facies (karst breccia, micrite, wackestone, packstone, grainstone). Samples for thin sections, XRD, whole rock chemistry and stable isotopes. Correlate with petrophysical data.
Core information
Primarily dolomitic rock. Thin limestone layers near top of sequences. Fractures in limestones and dolomite with multiple orientations. Karstic only at top of Madison.
Well information
Core-based data show:
Porosity with normal distribution skewed toward lower end Permeability with lognormal distribution
Well information
Core-based data show:
Porosity log Permeability relationship for samples with higher porosity Porosity-permeability relationship is very poor with wide range of permeability for lower porosity samples
Core descriptions and thin sections show fracture-controlled permeability in lower porosity rocks
Average porosity = 1.5 Average porosity in gas cap = 12.6 Average porosity outside gas cap = 7.33
Average porosity in gas cap = 2.3 Average porosity outside gas cap = 7.2
Petrophysical data
core versus log
Petrophysical data
log-based shows no location bias
Permeability Isotrophy
Use core based samples with Kh and Kv
N = 985 <4%, n = 470, mean log Kh/Kv = 0.88 4 12%, n = 362 mean log Kh/Kv = 0.77 >12%, n = 153, Mean log Kh/Kv = 0.52
Conclusions
Core based petrophysical data is available to characterize the Madison in the study area. Core-based petrophysical data is somewhat biased by location of cores. Not representative of target entire formation. Can extend the data using geophysical logs. Extended data shows different stratigraphic distribution of reservoir quality than previous work in eastern Wyoming. Petrophysical properties in model will have to be modified.
Questions