GOOGLE DRIVE: latest approach on Cloud Computing

Arti Bhat 36358 Computer Engineering Shivani Gupta 36347 Computer Engineering.

ABSTRACT
Cloud computing is set of resources and services offered through the Internet. Cloud services are delivered from data centers located throughout the world. Cloud computing facilitates its consumers by providing virtual resources via internet. General example of cloud services is Google apps, provided by Google and Microsoft SharePoint. The rapid growth in field of cloud computing also increases severe security concerns. Security has remained a constant issue for Open Systems and internet, when we are talking about security cloud really suffers. Lack of security is the only hurdle in wide adoption of cloud computing. Cloud computing is surrounded by many security issues like securing data, and examining the utilization of cloud by the cloud computing vendors. The wide acceptance www has raised security risks along with the uncountable benefits, so is the case with cloud computing. The boom in cloud computing has brought lots of security challenges for the consumers and service providers. How the end users of cloud computing know that their information is not having any availability and security issues? Every one poses, Is their information secure? This study aims to identify the most vulnerable security threats in cloud computing, which will enable both end users and vendors to know about the key security threats associated with cloud computing. In this paper we have explained the concept of cloud computing and described some cloud storage systems like google drives. the G drive. Google drives is an application of cloud computing. Cloud computing describes highly scalable computing resources provided as an external service via the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis. The cloud is simply a metaphor for the internet, based on the symbol used to represent the worldwide network in computer network diagrams. Economically, the main appeal of cloud computing is that customers only use what they need, and only pay for what they actually use. Resources are available to be accessed from the cloud at any time, and from any location via the internet. Theres no need to worry about how things are being maintained behind the scenes you simply purchase the IT service you require as you would any other utility. Because of this, cloud computing has also been called utility computing, or IT on demand. This new, web-based generation of computing utilises remote servers housed in highly secure data centres for data storage and management, so organisations no longer need to purchase and look after their IT solutions in-house. We see cloud computing offerings today that are suitable to host enterprise architectures. But while these offerings provide clear benefit to corporations by providing capabilities complementary to what they have, the fact that they can help to elastically scale enterprise architectures should not be understood to also mean that simply scaling in this way will meet twenty-first-century computing requirements. The architecture requirements of large platforms like social networks are radically different from the requirements of a healthcare platform in which geographically and corporately distributed care providers, medical devices, patients, insurance providers, clinics, coders, and billing staff contribute information to patient charts according to care programs, quality of service and HIPAA constraints. And the requirements for both of these are very different than those that provision straight-through processing services common in the financial services industry. Clouds will have to accommodate differences in architecture re-

INTRODUCTION
Google Drive is recently launched cloud storage system that could integrate many of the services of google, like gmail, youtube , google plus etc. G Drive is a giant, Google driven file storage system that will essentially allow anyone to access a giant hard drive through the web. It will allow us to store just about anything we want (with few size limits) on

quirements like those implied here, as well as those relatingto characteristics we subsequently discuss. In this paper, we want to revisit autonomic computing, which defines a set of architectural characteristics to manage systems where complexity is increasing but must be managed without increasing costs or the size of the management team, where a system must be quickly adaptable to new technologies integrated to it, and where a system must be extensible from within a corporation out to the broader ecosystem and vice versa. innovations in cloud computing in the areas of virtualization and finergrained, container-based management interfaces, as well as those in hardware and software, are demonstrating that the goals of autonomic computing can be realized to a practical degree, and that they could be useful in developing cloud architectures capable of sustaining and supporting ecosystem-scaled use.

cerns about loss of control over certain sensitive data.

TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING Public Cloud

Public cloud (also referred to as external cloud) describes the conventional meaning of cloud computing: scalable, dynamically provisioned, often virtualised resources available over the Internet from an off-site third-party provider, which divides up resources and bills its customers on a utility basis. An example is ThinkGrid, a company that provides a multi-tenant architecture for supplying services such as Hosted Desktops, Software as a Service and Platform as a Service. Other popular cloud vendors include Salesforce.com, Amazon EC2 and Flexiscale.

CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote service to maintain data and applications.It allows businesses and consumers to use applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet access. This technology allows for much more efficient computting by centralizing storage, memory, processing and bandwidth.

Private Cloud
Private cloud (also referred to as corporate or internal cloud) is a term used to denote a proprietary computing architecture providing hosted services on private networks. This type of cloud computing is generally used by large companies, and allows their corporate network and data centre administrators to effectively become in-house service providers catering to customers within the corporation. However, it negates many of the benefits of cloud computing, as organisations still need to purchase, set up and manage their own clouds.

Key characteristics
a. Capital expenditure is minimized
b. Device and location independence.

c. Multitenancy enabling sharing of resources. d. Performance is monitored and consistent but

can be affected by insufficient bandwidth or high network load.

Hybrid Cloud
It has been suggested that a hybrid cloud environment combining resources from both internal and external providers will become the most popular choice for enterprises. For example, a company could choose to use a public cloud service for general computing, but store its business-critical data within its own data centre. This may be because larger organisations are likely to have already invested heavily in the infrastructure required to provide resources inhouse or they may be concerned about the security of public.

e. Reliability suitable for business continuity

and disaster recovery.

f. Scalability which meets changing user demands quickly

g. Security which typically improves due to

centralization of data, increased security-focused resources, etc. but which raises con-

CLOUD PLATFORMS IN CONTEXT: THREE KINDS OF CLOUD SERVICES

Cloud services can be grouped into three broad categories.To get a grip on cloud platforms, its useful to start by looking at cloud services in general. Cloud can be grouped into three broad categories. Those categories are:

Software as a service (SaaS): A SaaS application runs entirely in the cloud (that is, on servers at an Internet-accessible service provider). The on-premises client is typically a browser or some other simple client. The most well-known example of a SaaS application today is probably Salesforce.com, but any, many others are also available.

Infrastructure as a Service(Iaas): Every onpremises application provides useful functions on its own. An application can sometimes enhance these by accessing application-specific services provided in the cloud. Because these services are usable only by this particular application, they can be thought of as attached to it. One popular consumer example of this is Apples iTunes: The desktop application is useful for playing music and more, while an attached service allows buying new audio and video content. Microsofts Exchange Hosted Services provides an enterprise example, adding cloud-based spam filtering, archiving, and other services to an on-premises Exchange server.

CLOUD FOUNDATION
Cloud foundations provide the basic local functions an application needs. These can include an underlying operating system and local support. Yet how cloud platforms provide these functions differs from what were used to, as this section shows.

Platform as a Service(Paas): A cloud platform

provides cloud-based services for creating applications. Rather than building their own custom foundation, for example, the creators of a new SaaS application could instead build on a cloud platform. As Figure 1 shows, the direct users of a cloud platform are developers, not end users. Understanding cloud platforms requires some agreement on what the word platform means in this context. One broad way to think about it is to view a platform as any software that provides developer accessible services for creating applications.

Operating System
From a platform point of view, an operating system provides a set of basic interfaces for applications to use. By far the most well-known example of an operating system in the cloud today is Amazons ElasticCompute Cloud (EC2). EC2 provides customer-specific Linux instances running in virtual machines (VMs). From a technical perspective, it might be more accurate to think of EC2 as a platform for VMs rather than operating systems.. Each development team is free to use whatever local support it likes in this VM. The creators of one application might choose a Java EE app server and MySQL, for example, while another group might go with Ruby on Rails. EC2 customers are even free to create many Linux instances, then distribute large workloads across them in parallel, such as for scientific applications. While the service EC2 provides is quite basic, its also very general, and so it can be used in many different ways.

Local Support
In an on-premises platform (and in EC2), a developer can mix and match parts of the foundation as she sees

fit. Choosing to use the .NET Framework on Windows doesnt mandate using a particular database, for example. Similarly, an on-premises application using the .NET Framework is free to access the underlying Windows operating system, as is an application built on a Java EE server. The local support functions in todays leading cloud foundations dont work this way. Instead, a cloud local support technology typically includes its own storage, and it hides whatever the underlying operating system might be. A developer choosing to build on a particular local support option must accept the limitations it imposes. There are good reasons for these limitations, of course. One of the things that makes cloud computing so attractive is its potential for scalability, but to make an application built on a cloud foundation handle Internetsize loads requires limiting it in some ways. By making the local support functions more specialized, a cloud platform provider has more freedom to optimize the application environment. Accordingly, each set of local support functions in cloud foundations today focuses on supporting a particular kind of application. For example, Googles AppEngine provides local support for running Python Web applications. Along with a standard Python runtime, AppEngine also includes a hierarchical data store with its own query language.Microsoft also provides local support for applications in the cloud as part of its CRM Live offering. Based on the Dynamics CRM platform mentioned earlier, this technology targets data-oriented business applications.

zons Simple Storage Service (S3) provides basic unstructured remote storage. The model it exposes to developers is straightforward: objects, which are just bunches of bytes, are stored in buckets. Applications can create, read, and delete objects and buckets. Objects cant be updated, howeverthey can only be entirely replaced. This is another example of how platform services must change to support Internet-scale usage, something that Amazon is clearly focused on. This simple but limited storage service is much easier to make scalable than a more fully featured offering would be. The trade-off is clear: Application developers get cheap storage in the cloud, but they might need to do more work in their applications to use it effectively. Another approach to cloud storage is to support more structured data. In Microsofts SQL Server Data Services (SSDS), for example, a container includes one or more entities, each of which holds some number of properties.

Integration
As integration services move into the cloud, a range of technologies is also appearing. For example, Amazons Simple Queue Service (SQS) provides just what its name suggests: a straightforward way for applications to exchange messages via queues in the cloud. Yet SQS once again illustrates what happens when a familiar on-premises service is recast as a cloud service. Because SQS replicates messages across multiple queues, an application reading from a queue isnt guaranteed to see all messages from all queues on a particular read request. SQS also doesnt promise in-order, exactly-once delivery. These simplifications let Amazon make SQS more scalable, but they also mean that developers must use SQS differently from an on-premises message queuing technology. BizTalk Services provides another example of cloud-based integration. Rather than using message queuing, BizTalk Services implements a relay service in the cloud that lets applications communicate through firewalls. Cloud-based integration, such as connecting applications in different organizations, typically requires traversing firewalls, and so solving this problem is important. BizTalk Services also provides simple workflow support along with a way for an application to register the services it exposes, then let those services be invoked by any other application that has permission to do so. Going forward, expect to see more integration services offered in the cloud. Given the importance of integration as an on-premises service, it shouldnt be surprising to see its functions become part of the cloud infrastructure.

CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES

Some applications dont need anything beyond a foundation. Still, many can benefit from distributed storage, common identity, and other infrastructure services.Cloud infrastructure services can be accessed by applications running on either an onpremises foundation or a cloud foundation. Initially, the most common users of cloud infrastructure services will be on-premises, because there arent yet many applications built on a cloud foundation. Over time, expect this to change, as more and more cloudbased applications also use cloud infrastructure services.Storage Applications commonly use some kind of local storage, which is why storage is part of both on-premisesand cloud foundations. Remote storage is also useful, however, as the popularity of this service in the onpremises world shows. Accordingly, its reasonable to expect that providing a storage service in the cloud will be attractive for many applications. As with on-premises platforms, remote storage in the cloud comes in different styles. For example, Ama-

Identity
Whether an application runs on-premises or in the cloud, it typically needs to know something about its users. Toward this end, the application commonly demands that each user provides a digital identity, a set of bytes that describes that user. Based on what these bytes contain and how theyre verified, the application can determine things such as who this user is and what theyre allowed to do. Many on-premises applications today rely on an on-premises infrastructure service, such as Active Directory, to provide this identity information. When a user accesses a cloud application, however, or an on-premises application accesses a cloud service, an on-premises identity usually wont work. An identity service in the cloud can address these issues. Because it provides a digital identity that can be used by people, by on-premises applications, and by cloud applications, a cloud identity service can be applied in many different scenarios. In fact, one indication of the importance of this kind of identity service is the number of cloud identity services available today. Accessing Amazon cloud services such as EC2 or S3 requires presenting an Amazon-defined identity, for instance, while using Google AppEngine requires a Google account. Microsoft provides Windows Live ID, which can be used for Microsoft applications and others, while BizTalk Services also offers its own identity service, which can be federated with others. Developers dont have complete freedomcloud platforms are frequently tied to a particular identity providerbut the need for identity as a cloud service is clear. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AUTONOMIC SERVICE ARCHITECTURE As cloud computing solutions and products are implemented, we believe it critical especially to those being driven by their business needs up the Systems and Applications Management Drivers curves to carefully consider their need for support of the architecture characteristics that we sketched in the opening part of this paper and that we now elaborate.

may be composited into higher order functionality, and how such can be exposed for use by human beings or other systems. The Outside-In architectural style is inherently topdown and emphasizes decomposition to the functional level, but not lower; is serviceoriented rather than application-oriented; factors out policy as a firstclass architecture component that can be used to govern transparent performance of service-related tasks; and emphasizes the ability to adapt performance to user/business needs without having to consider the intricacies of architecture workings. The counter style, what we call inside-out, is inherently bottom-up and takes much more of an infrastructural point of view as a starting point, building up to a business functional layer. Application platforms constructed using client server, object-oriented, and 2/3/n-tier architecture styles are those to which we apply the generalization inside-out because they form the basis of enterprise application architectures today, and because architectures of these types have limitations that require transformation to scale in a massive way vis--vis outside-in Implementation of an outside-in architecture results in better architecture layering and factoring, and interfaces that become more business than data oriented.

Utility computing
As systems become more interconnected and diverse, architects are less able to anticipate and design interactions among components, leaving such issues to be dealt with at runtime. Soon systems will become too massive and complex for even the most skilled system integrators to install, configure, optimize, maintain, and merge. And there will be no way tomake timely, decisive responses to the rapid stream of changing and conflicting demands. Externalization of policy goes a long way toward making it possible to composite clouds and manage policy compliance. But the structure of the cloud also must be addressed if we expect to manageably scale a cloud. An autonomic computing architecture calls for architecture components to, themselves, be autonomic. This might sound a bit far-fetched unless we consider that we have been solving heterogeneity problems with abstraction layers at the operating system layer for some years now, and that this technique can be used again to manage large collections of computing resources uniformly. In particular, if two clouds are autonomic and essentially support the same management interfaces, then they could be composited into a larger cloud while preserving the identities of the original clouds. Intuitively, this simplifies scaling clouds and reconciling policy differences. Some

Architecture style
Architecture styles define families of software systems in terms of patterns for characterizing how architecture components interact. They define what types of architecture components can exist in architectures of those styles, and constraints on how they may be combined. They define how components may be combined together for deployment. They define how units of work are managed, e.g., whether or not they are transactional (n-phase commit). And they define how functionality that components provision

cloud infrastructure vendors have taken an approach in which they intend to deal directly with architecture components through a software abstraction layer. One approach taken to manage clouds is to provide a management Policy extension points provide the way for applications and services within a container to communicate to the clouds centralized or federated Policy Engine.

CLOUD COMPOSITION
The ability of one cloud to participate in managing another will become critical to scaling a cloud. It will provide a means for a private cloud to temporarily use the resources of a public cloud as part of an elastic resource capacity strategy. It also will make it possible to more immediately share functionality, information, and computing resources. One real-life example of a composite cloud is Skype. While Skype may be considered to be just a p2p application, it actually is a global mesh network of managed network elements (servers, routers, switches, encoders/decoders, etc.) that provisions a global VoIP network with voice endpoints that are laptop/desktop computers or handheld devices that run Skypes client application at the edge of the Skype cloud. When the Skype application is not running on a laptop/desktop/handheld device, VoIP calls are not conducted through it. But when the application is running and calls can be conducted, the Skype cloud expands to use the laptop/desktop/handheld device to route traffic and manage network exceptions if needed.

GOOGLE DRIVE PREVIEW: an indepth look at features and functionality.

GDocsDrive is a Google Docs client app, which allows you to manage Google Docs files with ease, all from the comfort of your desktop. With GDocsDrive, you can conveniently use your local applications to modify online Google Docs files, and drag and drop files directly between Google cloud and your local computer. Nearly all the functions of Google Docs are seamlessly available in this one tool, which makes Google Docs like a Google Drive (GDrive) on your desktop. G-DRIVE high-speed interface external storage systems offer the ultimate in flexibility by providing 3Gbit eSATA, FireWire 800 (FireWire 400 via included cable) and USB2.0 ports. G-DRIVE is the perfect high-performance solution for storage intensive applications including audio/video editing, digital photography, MP3 libraries and high-speed data backup. The system features a fan-less cooling system and the latest technology in external hard drives for Macs and PCs: 7200 RPM SATA II hard drives with up to 4TB in storage capacity and up to 64MB of cache. G-DRIVE supports professional music production tools including Pro Tools, Logic Studio, Cubase, Nuendo, Digital Performer, and many more. Drive is set up with the search bar on top and two panels encompassing the remainder of the screen: the menu panel on the left and the list of docs on the right. From the left, you're given the opportunity to either create a

new doc or upload an existing file from your desktop. Below this, you'll see My Drive as well as options for shared, starred and recent docs. There's also a "more" section, which you can use to filter your choices to match whatever specific criteria you're interested in. Above the standard list of docs on the right panel you'll see a row of sorting and viewing options as well as a settings menu. Right-clicking folders or docs will also prompt a special menu of available features: you can go here to share, download, rename and reorganize the selection. There's plenty more here for you, but many options will vary depending on the kind of file you're trying to access. All of the sharing functionality has been brought over from Docs. This includes public file sharing, a feature you'll find on SkyDrive but not Dropbox. And as we've come to expect with any of the myriad services that the company boasts, it has been integrated (to an extent) with its social network, Google+. When writing up a new post, image that has been stored on Drive can be attached. Integration options will continue to expand over time as soon as it provides feature to attach stuff from Drive into Gmail. Apple and Microsoft fans alike can relish in the spoils of Google Drive, because the company has made a desktop app available for both Mac and Windows. This app works in a very similar fashion to the kinds of other cloud storage options such as Dropbox: after a quick and easy installation process, a Google Drive folder will pop up on the desktop. Once there, the folder begins syncing the contents of My Drive, and within a matter of minutes a representation of everything stored will be hanging out in the online storage. After this it's just a matter of dragging and dropping the files choosen, no matter what type of file format is to be added. This is a great option for heavy Drive users that don't want the hassle of uploading files directly through the browsers interface. After dragging and dropping docs into the desktop folder, they'll automatically pop up in the Drive on the web browser, regardless of which kind is preferred, and the service's corresponding Android application. There is no need to refresh the browser to see the recent changes, but it needs to be done manually on the mobile version.

Any type of file - photos, videos, songs, spreadsheets and more can be stored on distant servers operated by those companies. A Web browser and an Internet connection is needed. To upload a file to the online storage service, simply move the file's icon to the browser window. The original file remains on the computer. To access a file from another computer, one needs to go to the service's website and log in. changes can be made on that computer and file is moved back online. Web links can be created to entire folders or specific files for sharing. Free software is needed to simplify these transfers. The software creates a special folder on the clients computer for that particular service. Anything added to it will automatically get transferred to the online storage. If clients make changes from another computer, the original version gets automatically updated. A subset of features is also available through apps for mobile devices. Photos and other documents can be pulled on the go, though it's not designed for making too many changes. One drawback with all three services: metadata associated with these files can be lost. Attributes such as the file's creation date can change in transfer. The contents aren't affected, with one major exception.

COMPARISON Storage
The services give you plenty of free space for word processing, spreadsheets and other basics, but not enough for extensive storage of photos and video. Dropbox provides 2 gigabytes for free, Google Drive provides 5 GB and on SkyDrive 7 GB. Those who used SkyDrive before April 23 can claim 25 GB of free space, though others might be eligible too. Dropbox lets its clients earn additional free space by recruiting friends or performing such tasks as installing Dropbox's software. An extra 100 GB will cost $50 a year on SkyDrive and $59.88 on Google Drive, while 100 GB including the free space will cost $199 on Dropbox. Cheaper plans with less storage are available.

COMPARISON OF SOME CLOUD STORAGE SYSTEMS

Google Drive, Dropbox and Microsoft's SkyDrive share many core features.

Sharing
All three let share content by creating links. On Dropbox, friends with that link can view the content, though a "shared folder" needs to be created for others to edit documents. With SkyDrive,editing capabilities can be given to other people with that link. In fact, some people can be given a view-only link and others a link with editing privileges. Sharing can be done via email and also decision can be made as to which recipients can edit documents.Content can be posted to Facebook, Twitter and other social networks directly from SkyDrive. Google Drive also lets choose whether links come with editing capabilities. But unlike SkyDrive, viewonly links cannot be created for some and editing links for others. It's one or the other for particular files and folders.Also items can be emailed as attachments or as a link to the respective Google Drive account. Dropbox and SkyDrive can automatically turn the photos shared into galleries, so that friends can view them through an interface that resembles Facebook or a photo-sharing site.

ware won't work on Windows XP, an older, but still widely used system. It also won't work on earlier versions of XP's successor, Vista. So many SkyDrive users will be stuck with the Web-based interface. Dropbox also is the only service to offer phone apps for both Apple and Android devices. It's also the only one to support BlackBerrys. Google doesn't have a version for iPhones or iPads yet; its app only works on Google's Android system. Microsoft doesn't make one for Android, though it has one for its own Windows Phone system besides the Apple devices.

REFERENCES:
www.johnhagel.com www.davidchappell.com www.engadget.com

Search
Tthe best search options come from Google, the Internet search leader. Searching on Google Drive is fast and versatile. Searching can be done by not just by file name, but also by the contents of documents in a variety of popular formats. It uses an optical-character reader to pull out text from newspaper clippings and brochures scanned. Dropbox searches based on file names only. SkyDrive searches contents of documents in Microsoft formats - Word, PowerPoint and Excel - but it won't even index the file names for other types, including photos.

Software
Dropbox has the most software options. For desktops, there's a Linux version besides ones for Windows and Mac computers. Microsoft and Google support Windows and Macs only. Microsoft's soft-