Republic of the Philippines POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES GRADUATE SCHOOL

RESEARCH SEMINAR I
Chapter 6

Sampling Designs

Catherine B. Oabel MSME

Prof. Nobles February 18, 2012

I.

INTRODUCTION In order to achieve an accurate estimate of the characteristics of the population, you should clearly identify the population and carefully choose the sample. If a sample is too small, it may not give a true picture of the population, however, if it is too large, gathering information may be too expensive and may require much time and effort. Hence, the sample must just be of the right size to represent the population and be manageable.

II.

TOPICS: 1. Definition of Population and Sampling 2. Advantages of Sampling 3. Disadvantages of Sampling 4. A good sample DISCUSSION

III.

A. Definitions: Population The entire collection of persons or objects being considered in a specific study

Sampling Process of selecting a number of units for a study in such a way that the units represent the larger group from which they are selected.

B. Why We Need Sampling (Purposes and Advantages of Sampling? 1. Sampling makes possible the study of a large, heterogeneous (different characteristics) population. -The universe or population to be studied maybe too large or unlimited that it is almost impossible to reach all of them. Sampling makes possible this kind of study because in sampling only a small portion of the population maybe involved in the study, enabling the researcher to reach all through this small portion of the population.

2. Sampling is for economy. - Research without sampling may be too costly. Sampling reduces the study population to a reasonable size that expenses are greatly reduced. 3. Sampling is for speed. - Research without sampling might be too time consuming. 5. Sampling saves the sources of data from being all consumed. - The act of gathering data may consume all the sources of information without sampling. In such a case, there is no more data to apply the conclusion to. C. Disadvantages of Sampling (Defective Sampling) 1. If sampling is biased, or not representative, or too small, the conclusion may not be valid and reliable. 2. In research, the respondents to a study must have a common characteristic which is the basis of the study. 3. If the population is very large and there are many sections and subsections, the sampling procedure becomes very complicated. 4. If the researcher does not possess the necessary skill and technical knowhow in sampling procedure. E. WHAT IS A GOOD SAMPLE? The sample must be valid. Validity depends on two(2) considerations: 1. Accuracy bias is absent from the sample (ex. A company is thinking of lowering its price for its soap bar product. After making a survey in the sales of their product in a known mall in Makati they concluded that they will not cut down the price of the soap bar since there was an increased in sales compared to last year. Bias is present in this study since the company based its decision for the sales of a known mall which have consumers who can afford high price products. They did not consider the sales of their products in other area wherein they have middle class or low class consumers.)

2. Precision sample represents the population (ex. Customers who visited a particular dress shop are requested to log in their phone numbers so that they will receive information for discounts and new arrivals. Management wish to study customers satisfaction for that shop. By means of interviewing thru phone they get comments and reactions of their client. Samples used are not an exact representative of the population since it is limited only to those customers who log in their phone numbers and they did not consider customers without phone numbers indicated. IV. CONCLUSION

Oftentimes it is not practical or even possible to gather data from the entire population. So you get only a sample of the population. Sampling is the method of getting a representative portion of the population.