SCIENCE PHYSICS You can detach this page You can detach this page

FORMULAE
You may find the following formulae useful. wave speed = frequency wavelength wave speed = distance time v=f v= x t

electrical power = current potential difference cost of electricity = power time cost of 1 kilowatt-hour power = energy used time taken (useful energy transferred by the device) 100% (total energy supplied to the device)

P=IV

P=

E t

efficiency =

primary voltage number of turns on primary coil = secondary voltage number of turns on secondary coil

Vp Vs

Np Ns

Do not forget to include units in all your answers.

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FINAL EXAM P1

SCIENCE PHYSICS

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FINAL EXAM P1

SCIENCE PHYSICS

Surname

Name

AMERICAN ACADEMY LARNACA

YEAR 4 FINAL EXAM Science Physics
Unit 1: Universal Physics
Wednesday 4 June 2012
Total Marks

Higher Tier
Time: 1 hour
You must have: Calculator, ruler

Instructions Use black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your Surname and Name Answer all questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided there may be more space than you need. Information The total mark for this paper is 60. The marks for each question are shown in brackets use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be assessed you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as well as the clarity of expression, on these questions. Advice Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. Keep an eye on the time. Try to answer every question. Check your answers if you have time at the end.

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SCIENCE PHYSICS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1. (a) Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. [1 mark] Which of the energy sources below is non-renewable? A B C D Geothermal Natural gas Solar Wind

(b)

Fossil fuels are used in much less time than is needed for them to be created. (i) Describe one other disadvantage of using fossil fuels. [1 mark]

(ii) Describe an advantage of using fossil fuels. [1 mark] (c) Hydroelectric power stations use the energy of water rushing down to produce electricity. (i) Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. [1 mark] Which letter shoes the correct energy transformations in a hydroelectric power station? A B C D electrical energy gravitational potential energy kinetic energy gravitational potential energy electrical energy kinetic energy gravitational potential energy kinetic energy electrical energy kinetic energy gravitational potential energy electrical energy

(ii) engine

Use a word from the box below to complete the sentence. [1 mark] generator motor rotor

Electricity in the power station is produced as water rotates the

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SCIENCE PHYSICS The Hoover dam is built on the Colorado river. It is made of concrete.

setting concrete

pipes with cold water As concrete sets (hardens) it releases a lot of heat that slows down the setting process. To speed it up engineers pumped cold water through pipes in the setting concrete. (iii) Describe in terms of heat transfers how cold water makes the concrete cooler. [1 mark] (iv) Explain why the concrete reaches a constant temperature. [2 marks] [Total for Question 1 = 8 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

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SCIENCE PHYSICS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. (a) Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. [1 mark] Compared to the primary coil, the secondary coil of a step-up transformer has a larger A B C D current energy power voltage

(b)

Before it is supplied to homes a transformer changes the voltage from 33 kV to 230 V. To secondary coil V2 = 230 V

Transformer

To primary coil V1 = 33 kV

(i)

The primary coil is has 18 940 turns. Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil. [2 marks]

Number of turns = (ii) The homes receive 500 kW of electrical power at a voltage of 230 V. Calculate the current that the homes use. State the unit. [2 marks]

Current =

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SCIENCE PHYSICS (iii) The transformer used is only 85 % efficient. It provides 500 kW of electrical power to the homes. Calculate the input power to the transformer. [2 marks]

Input power = kW (iv) Explain why transformers need to cool down while they are operating. [1 mark] [Total for Question 2 = 8 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

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SCIENCE PHYSICS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Microwaves are used to transmit satellite TV and radio. (a) Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. [1 mark] Compared to visible light, microwaves have a larger A B C D energy frequency speed wavelength

Below you can see a section of the wave sent by the satellite. y/m

0.04

0.05 0.04

0.1

x/m

(b)

Using the diagram above find the wavelength and amplitude of the wave. [2 marks]

Wavelength = m Amplitude = m (c) Calculate the frequency of the microwave. Speed of light = 3 108 m/s = 300 000 000 m/s. [2 marks]

Frequency = Hz

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SCIENCE PHYSICS The satellite TV companies have two TV screens to monitor the signal to and from the satellite. One TV screen shows the signal before it is sent to the satellite. The satellite receives the signal and sends it back to Earth to the subscribers. The second screen shows the second signal.

Earth

36 000 km

satellite

(d)

There is a small time delay between the signals on the two screens. The satellite is 36 000 km away from Earths surface. Calculate the time delay between the two signals. [2 marks]

Time delay = s Other telecommunication satellites are also found at this distance. They use radio waves to receive and send signals. (e) Explain whether you expect the time delay for these satellites to be smaller, equal or larger to your answer in (c)? [2 marks]

(f) Telecommunication and TV satellites orbit the Earth in such a way as to always be above the same spot on the Earths surface instead of moving around the Earth. Explain why this is important for telecommunication and TV satellites. [1 mark] [Total for Question 3 = 10 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

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SCIENCE PHYSICS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. (a) Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. [1 mark] Which wave property does not change during refraction? A B C D Direction Frequency Speed Wavelength

(b)

The diagram below shows how red and blue light behave as they go through a lens. red focus

red and blue light

blue focus (i) Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. [1 mark] The diagram shows that light refracts more if A B C D it has a smaller wavelength it has a lower frequency it has a larger wavelength it slows down less

(ii)

Explain the problem that this creates for refracting telescopes. [2 marks]

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SCIENCE PHYSICS (c) Another type of telescopes uses reflection. The diagram below shows light falling on a mirror surface. Complete the path of the ray and mark the angles of incidence (i) & reflection (r). [2 marks]

mirror light ray

(d)

Telescopes helped to discover various stars at various stages. (i) Use the words in the box below to complete the life cycle of a medium star. [1 marks] main sequence star protostar Red Giant

Cloud of gas

Shell of gas

White dwarf

(ii)

Describe the differences in the last stages of the life cycle of a massive star. State the force responsible for these changes. [3 marks]

[Total for Question 4 = 10 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

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SCIENCE PHYSICS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. (a) (i) Describe one difference between red light and infrared waves. [1 mark] (ii) Some snake species have pit organs behind their nostrils that can detect infrared radiation. They use it to hunt warm blooded mammals and find warm places to hide.

pit organ Palm pit viper in Costa Rica (ii)

nostril

Explain why snakes are able to detect mammals at night but this is not so effective on a hot summer day. [3 marks]

(iii) Infrared radiation can pass through dust and smoke. Explain how infrared cameras are used by firemen. [2 marks]

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SCIENCE PHYSICS * (b) Many other types of waves are used to see inside the human body. Below you can the images taken by ultrasound and X-rays.

Ultrasound scan at 12 weeks of pregnancy Ultrasound imaging works by reflection. X-ray imaging works by absorption.

X-ray image of a hand

Explain the differences in the way X-rays and ultrasound operate and the advantages of using ultrasound for scanning the womb. [6 marks] [Total for Question 5 = 12 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

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SCIENCE PHYSICS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. (a) Light from the Sun shows a number of dark lines.

wavelength in nm ( 109 m) From other galaxies these lines appear at different wavelengths. The table below shows the wavelengths of some these lines for the Sun and the corresponding lines for Object ID # 587731512071880746. (There are so many galaxies that they are given numbers for identification.) Wavelength of dark line from the Sun (in nm = 109 m) 656 410 434 486 (i) Wavelength of corresponding dark line from Object ID # 587731512071880746 (in nm = 109 m) 722 450 478 536

State what we call this change in wavelength. Explain what this suggests about the Object ID # 587731512071880746. [3 marks]

(ii) Almost all galaxies show a similar change in dark lines. What does this suggest about the Universe? [1 mark] (b) Explain what do we mean when we say that light is a transverse wave. [1 mark]

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SCIENCE PHYSICS (c) Seismic waves can either be transverse or longitudinal. (i) Identify which of the diagrams below shows a P wave and which shows an S wave. [1 mark]

The table below shows the speed of P and S waves at different depths below Earths surface. Depth (km) 0 1000 2900 3000 5000 6000 * (ii) Velocity of wave (km/s) P wave S wave 7.00 3.00 11.00 6.50 13.50 7.00 7.00 0.00 11.00 0.00 12.00 0.00

Based on the information in the table above, explain why scientists believe that the Earths outer core is found at a depth of 3000 km and what our knowledge of P and S waves reveals about the nature of the mantle and the outer core. [6 marks]

[Total for Question 6 = 12 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS _______________________________________________________________________________________ END

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MS MARK SCHEME p. 2 & 3 1. (a) (b) B [1 mark] (i) Any one of [1 mark] Atmospheric pollution Greenhouse effect / Climate change / Global warming Release of CO2 / greenhouse gases Expensive to buy / High running costs Any one of [1 mark] Can be used everywhere / anytime High energy density (or similar) Low building costs Well established technology Low impact on environment (if made clear that global warming is excluded) C Generator [1 mark] Any one of [1 mark] Heat transferred away from concrete Heat transferred from concrete to water As temperature => (rate of) heat transfer [1 mark] At constant temperature / equilibrium: transfer rate = rate of heat released [1 mark] (accept similar answers to this effect)

(ii)

(c)

(i) (ii) (iii)

(iv)

p. 4 & 5 2. (a) (b) D [1 mark] (i) V2 N 2 230 N2 = = correct substitution [1 mark] V1 N1 33000 18940 N2 = 230 18940 / 33000 = 132 (working out &) answer [1 mark] 500 kW = 500 000 W unit conversion [1/2 mark] P = I V => 500 000 = 230 I correct substitution [1/2 mark] I = 500 000 / 230 = 2173.9 A = 2174 A correct answer [1/2 mark], unit [1/2 mark] useful power / energy 500 0.85 = correct substitution [1 mark] total power / energy total power total power = 500 / 0.85 = 588.2 = 588 kW (working out &) answer [1 mark] efficiency = Any one of [1 mark] Idea of energy { transferred to / lost as } heat (because efficiency < 100 %) Quantitative answer: 15 % (of power) changes to heat

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

MS

MS p. 6 & 7 3. (a) (b) D [1 mark] Amplitude = 0.04 (m) [1 mark] 0.05 / 2 OR 0.1 / 4 [1/2 mark] Wavelength = 0.025 (m) [1/2 mark] v = f => 3 108 = f 0.025 correct substitution [1 mark] (or ecf from (b)) f = 3 108 / 0.025 = 1.2 1010 (Hz) (working out &) answer [1 mark] (or ecf from previous) x = 2 36 106 = 72 106 m [1/2 mark] x = v t = 72 106 = 3 108 t correct substitution [1/2 mark] (or ecf from previous) t = (72 106) / (3 108) = 0.24 s (working out &) answer [1 mark] (or ecf from previous) OR x = v t = 36 106 = 3 108 t correct substitution [1/2 mark] t = (36 106) / (3 108) = 0.12 s (working out &) answer [1 mark] 0.12 2 =0.24 s correct time [1/2 mark] Equal [1 mark] Same speed (or similar) [1 mark] Any one of [1 mark] Signal lost when satellite on the other side No signal reaches the satellite The satellite loses sight of subscribers (or similar)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)

p. 8 & 9 4. (a) (b) B [1 mark] (i) (ii) A [1 mark] Any two of [2 marks] Light (from stars) made up of various colours / White colour is a combination of colours Focal points for colours do not coincide / Colours do not focus on the same spot Picture comes out fuzzy / unclear etc ray [1/2 mark] r mirror i n normal [1/2 mark] correct i & r [1/2 mark] i = r (by eye) [1/2 mark] light ray

(c)

(d)

(i)

Cloud of protostar main gas (given) sequence star 1 correct [1/2 mark]; all correct [1 mark] Force = gravity [1 mark] & Any two from [2 marks] Supernova (explosion) (The remnant turns into a) Neutron star Very massive stars can turn into a black hole 2

Red Giant

Shell of gas (given)

White dwarf (given)

(ii)

MS

MS p. 10 & 11 5. (a) (i) Any one of [1 mark] Infrared frequency < red light frequency (or reverse) Infrared wavelength > red light wavelength (or reverse) Infrared energy < red light energy (or reverse) Any three of [3 marks] Mammals warmer than surroundings The warmer an object is the more infrared is emitted Mammals emit more infrared than surroundings On a hot day surrounding temperature closer to mammal body temperature Any one of [1 mark] (Human) Victims are warm / warmer than surroundings Victims emit infrared & Infrared cameras detect the infrared radiation [1 mark]

(ii)

(iii)

* (b)

Ultrasound Vs X-rays Infrared Infrared (pulse) emitted and reflected from surface Time for reflection to return determined (by scanner) Distance / Depth determined (from known speed in tissue) Gel used to increase penetration into the womb X-rays Emitted (by X-ray machine) Absorbed by tissues Bone absorbs more than soft tissue What is not absorbed appears (on the film) Advantages of More detail (if distinguishable on photocopies ) ultrasound Ultrasound not dangerous for health (of foetus) X-rays can cause mutation and cancer Level Marks 0 0 No rewardable material 1 12 Limited info, scientific terminology, spelling & grammar, e.g. Both emitted on to patient / womb X-ray more dangerous 2 34 Simple description with evidence of clarity & appropriate use of scientific terminology, some accuracy in spelling & grammar, e.g. Ultrasound reflected by surfaces / tissues X-rays are absorbed by tissues differently X-rays cause mutation &/or cancer 3 56 Detailed description, with clear ideas and coherent use of accurate scientific terminology, few errors in spelling & grammar, e.g. Will mention reflection time &/or how distance relates to speed &/or how gel is used to enhance the image Will mention bone absorbs more X-rays than soft tissue &/or that the image is created by X-rays that are not absorbed Will mention better clarity (if distinguishable on photocopies) & mutation / cancer

MS

MS p. 12 & 13 6. (a) (i) Any one of [1 mark] Red shift Doppler effect & Wavelength (of galaxy) is larger / increases [1 mark] => Galaxy is moving away { from us / our Galaxy / the Milky Way } [1 mark] Universe is expanding (or similar) [1 mark]

(ii) (b)

An idea of perpendicularity between vibrations and direction of propagation [1 mark] Oscillations / Vibrations are { perpendicular / at right angles } to the { direction (of travel) / motion / propagation } of the wave There is an up & down motion as waves moves to the left / right (or similar) Accept arrow drawing OR labelled wave-like drawing (since drawn on next page)

(c)

(i) P wave [1 mark] S wave

* (ii)

P & S waves P waves = longitudinal S waves = transverse Transverse S waves do not travel in liquid, only in solids Longitudinal P waves can travel in both solids & liquids At 3000 km S speed = 0, S waves do not travel there Below 3000 km must be a liquid core (only P waves) Above 3000 km, mantle must be solid (both P & S waves) Level Marks 0 0 No rewardable material 1 12 Limited info, scientific terminology, spelling & grammar, e.g. Change in speed at 3000 km Outer core = liquid, Mantle = solid, no explanation 2 34 Simple description with evidence of clarity & appropriate use of scientific terminology, some accuracy in spelling & grammar, e.g. Identifies S wave = transverse Mentions S speed = 0 below 3000 km Concludes outer core = liquid 3 56 Detailed description, with clear ideas and coherent use of accurate scientific terminology, few errors in spelling & grammar, e.g. Will identify P wave = longitudinal, S wave =transverse Will mention transverse waves not propagating in liquids Will connect speed = 0 to liquid core Will conclude mantle = solid, & may connect it with speed readings from table or that speed 0 for both waves or that both waves can travel at depth > 3000 km

MS