Ilya Baraev - Bluetooth

Bluetooth Wireless Technology and PAN
Ilya Baraev Research Engineer Nokia Corp.
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth.ppt / 2005-07-22 / IB
Learn
Basics of Bluetooth Wireless technology About possibilities of Bluetooth and areas of application Practical knowledge about Bluetooth networking Developer opportunities for Bluetooth wireless technology
2005 Nokia
Agenda
Overview Bluetooth networking details Profiles APIs and developers tools Q&A
2005 Nokia
Agenda
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Wireless Technology Overview

Appeared in 1994, Bluetooth SIG established in 1998 Bluetooth Wireless technology
Short-range wireless communication RF over the air (2.4 GHz) Limited range of connection (10-100m)
Fundamental characteristics
Open and royalty free specification Global usage free of charge Capability to handle voice and data Low power and suitable for portable devices
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group)

Started with 5 member companies Almost 4000 member companies now Major task: develop the specification Additional tasks: IOP testing, marketing, legal, etc Different levels of contribution and access
Promoter Associate Adopter
More information at www.bluetooth.org
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Wireless Technology Core Specification

Core Specification
Low level spec Architectural overview Compliance requirements
Higher level specs and profiles are released independently from the core V1.0b and 1.1
Basic architecture, radio spec, basic protocols
V1.2 (November 2003)

Faster connection, coexistence with WLAN, improved QoS, improved voice quality
V2.0+EDR (November 2004)

Faster data transfer: up to 2.18 Mbit/s (user data rate)
2005 Nokia
Use Cases
Cable replacement Phone headsets Audio streaming (stereo headsets) Portable keyboards In-car (Advanced hands free) Content exchange: pictures, videos, sound, applications Wireless printing Personal Information Management (PIM) data synchronization More than just a cable replacement: Personal Area Networking
2005 Nokia
PAN Use Cases 1/2

Multiplayer gaming
Low latency games, like action games Examples:
Nokia Pathway to Glory (6 multiplayer with Bluetooth) Agile Fighter Bluetooth Bluetooth Darts
Location-based services
Advertising in shopping malls, tourist guides, providing content at hot-spots Example:
Nokia Local Marketing Solution (www.nokia.com/localmarketing)
Social applications
Finding friends, exchanging flyers, personal page on a phone Examples:
Nokia Sensor (download at www.nokia.com/sensor) 6th sense (www.sixsense.com)
2005 Nokia
PAN Use Cases 2/2

Home
Phone as a remote control, sharing phone content, shopping list on a phone updated by a smart fridge
Enterprise
Access to email and calendar, synchronization Example:
Nokia Local Business Connectivity Solution (www.nokia.com/localconnectivity)
Identification
Storing e-tickets in a phone, payments, etc
Etc, etc, etc
10
2005 Nokia
Agenda
11
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Protocols
Application layer
WAP application
IrDA application
Telephony applications
Presentation layer Session layer Transport layer Network layer HCI Data link layer SDP
TCP IP
UDP
OBEX
AT com
PPP
TCS BIN Audio
RFCOMM
L2CAP LMP Baseband Bluetooth Radio
Physical layer
12
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Protocols Details

L2CAP = Logical Link and Control Adaptation Protocol
Packet-based, not fully reliable
RFCOMM
Stream-based, reliable
OBEX = Object Exchange protocol

Object-based
SDP = Service Discovery Protocol

Service discovery
BNEP = Bluetooth Network Emulation Protocol

Ethernet emulation Support for IPv4 and IPv6
More protocols are defined in the specification
13
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Connection Approach

Common Bluetooth connection approach
Inquiry
Service discovery
Connection
Communication
14
2005 Nokia
Inquiry (Device Discovery)
Inquiry
A
D C
No inquiry scan = Non-discoverable
Inquiry scan = Discoverable

15 2005 Nokia Bluetooth.ppt / 2005-07-22 / IB
Service Discovery
Service discovery
A
D C
16
2005 Nokia
Service Discovery Details

No central service repository
Each device maintains a database with own services
No central service ID authority

Services are defined by Bluetooth developers No need to register service Service identifier is UUID
Service Discovery Database Mandatory Attributes Service Records

ServiceRecordHandle ServiceClassIDList
Optional Attributes ......
ServiceRecordHandle
ServiceClassIDList
ServiceRecordHandle
ServiceClassIDList
A set of standard services are in the specification

Each profile specifies a standard service format
17
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Discovery Issues

Slow
10 sec for inquiry, up to 3 sec for service discovery per device
Problems in dense environments

10+ devices in vicinity
Rather complex source code

Callbacks, synchronization, threads, etc
Tips for improving discovery and connection usability

Mobile Bluetooth Networking with JSR-82 presentation Presentation #TS-3234 at JavaOne (USA, 2005) Download at java.sun.com/javaone/
18
2005 Nokia
Paging (Network Setup)
Page
A
D C
No page scan = Non-connectable
Page scan = Connectable

Piconet - one master - 1 to 7 active slaves

master
A
slave
D C
slave
No page scan = Non-connectable


master
A
slave
Page
slave
B D C
master slave
21
2005 Nokia

Scatternet - more than one master - devices have mixed roles
slave

master
A
slave
D C
master slave
22
2005 Nokia
Switch
master
A
slave
slave
D C
master slave
23
2005 Nokia
Piconet - one master - 1 to 7 active slaves

master
A
slave
D C
slave slave
24
2005 Nokia
Connection Issues
In real life connecting is not easy
Bluetooth state have to be considered
Running inquiry Running service discovery Active connections Device role in connection Point-to-multipoint connections support
Ability to connect and to accept connections in various states is different

Partly possible to check using developers APIs
25
2005 Nokia
Basic Rule
Form piconets, avoid scatternets
One master 1 to 7 active slaves
Why
Very often scatternets are not supported Slower data transfer rate
26
2005 Nokia
Client-Server vs. Master-Slave

3 levels
Application logic level Developers API level Bluetooth networking level B A C D
BCD
Application Logic Developers Bluetooth

Server Initiator (Client) Master
Clients Acceptors (Servers) Slave
Two Ways to Form a Piconet

Server connects to clients / Application logic
A Recommended way B C D
Page
Clients connect to a server with m-s switch / Application logic

Switch
A
Page
28
2005 Nokia
Master-Slave Switch
Not always supported
Sometimes it is possible to check support using APIs
Rely on master-slave switch only if you know what you are doing
Knowledge about the devices and its capabilities E.g. underlying platforms may have mechanism for master-slave roles configuration automatically (if master=false)
29
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Security
Authentication = proving that the other device is the one it claims to be
Ad hoc nature, no third party authorities Authentication depends on a shared secret (PIN code) First authentication involves PIN codes (aka pairing, bonding)
Encryption
Based on link key created during authentication Key maximum size is 128 bit
Additional: Authorization
Permission to access a service
30
2005 Nokia
Agenda
31
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Profiles 1/2

Profile Standard use case
Application layer
WAP application
IrDA application
Telephony applications
Bluetooth profile defines

Protocol parameters Combines use of several protocols Common user experience
Presentation layer Session layer Transport layer Network layer HCI Data link layer SDP
TCP IP
UDP
OBEX
AT com
PPP
TCS BIN Audio
RFCOMM
L2CAP LMP Baseband Bluetooth Radio
Physical layer
Devices with the same profiles are able to:

Find each other Connect Communicate
Main goal: Interoperability

Bluetooth Profiles 2/2

Separate from the core specification
Defined in SIG Work Groups
Total 32 profiles (adopted and WIP) Profile areas

Serial port adaptation IrDA Interoperability (OBEX) Networking adaptation A/V connectivity Peripheral device connectivity Service discovery Cordless telephony Transparent bearer
33
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Profiles: Serial Port Adaptation

Serial Port Profile (SPP)
Enabler/transport, not application profile: SPP enables serial port (COM) connectivity Serial port (RS232 or similar) emulation Features:
Channel multiplexing Optional flow control
Internet Cellular Network
(Serial port emul. or other API) RFCOMM SDP LMP L2CAP
Baseband
Application Profiles
Dial-Up Networking Profile (DUNP) Fax Profile (FAX) Hands-Free Profile (HFP)
DT GW
34
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Profiles: IrDA Interoperability (OBEX)

Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP)
Enabler/transport, not application profile: SPP enables OBEX transport, thus IrDA interoperability Feature:
Connect/disconnect OBEX/object exchange sessions Push/pull objects OBEX sessions with authentication
push
(Application server or client) OBEX RFCOMM SDP LMP L2CAP
Baseband
Application Profiles
Object Push Profile (OPP) File Transfer Profile (FTP) Synchronization Profile (Sync) Basic Imaging Profile (BIP) Basic Printing Profile (BPP)
Sender Push client Printer
pull
Push server
35
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Profiles: Networking Adaptation

Personal Area Networking Profile (PAN)
Enabler/transport, not application profile PAN enables IP networking in a BT piconet
Supports both IPv4 & IPv6 IP auto configuration
Internet PAN U NAP
(Applications/ Higher layers) TCP UDP IP BNEP SDP LMP L2CAP Baseband
Compared to other Bluetooth profiles:

Compatible with other networks Allow any-to-any communication
Infrastructure Mode PAN U
PAN U
Ad-hoc mode or Infrastructure mode
Extended Service Discovery / UPnP Profile (ESDP)
Ad-hoc Mode PAN U
PAN U PAN U GN
36
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Profiles: Audio/Video Connectivity

Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) / Generic A/V Distribution Profile (GAVDP)
(Near) CD quality stereo audio streaming in realtime to one device
(Application: source/sink) Audio codec AVDTP LMP SDP
L2CAP
Video Distribution Profile (VDP) / Generic A/V Distribution Profile (GAVDP)

(Small scale) video streaming in real-time Mixing with audio is possible
SNK
SNK
Baseband
SRC
A/V Remote Control Profile (AVRCP)

Simple remote control of A/V devices Designed to complement A2DP and VDP Typical IR remote commander functionality
SNK TG CT CT
TG
37
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Profiles: Peripheral Device Connectivity

Human Interface Device Profile (HID)
Connect HID devices with PC, PDA, phones: e.g. keyboard, mouse, joystick
Host HID
HID
Hardcopy Cable Replacement Profile (HCRP)

Legacy printing/scanning with available drivers and standard Printer Description Languages Replacement of parallel cable connection for legacy printing and scanning
Host
38
2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Profiles: Other

Transparent bearer
Common ISDN Access Profile (CIP) SIM Access Profile (SAP)
Service discovery
Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP)
Cordless telephony
Cordless Telephony Profile (CTP) Intercom Profile (IP)
Other profiles: work in progress
39
2005 Nokia
Agenda
40
2005 Nokia
C++ Bluetooth APIs

SDKs and APIs
Windows XP SP2 (or SP1) (msdn.microsoft.com/library/) BlueZ - Linux Bluetooth stack (www.bluez.org) Digianswer SDK (www.btsws.com) Cambridge Silicon Radio Development kit (www.csr.com) XTNDAccess Car SDK v1.0 Etc
Mobile
Symbian OS (www.symbian.com/developer/techlib/sdl.html) Nokia Series 60, Series 80 (forum.nokia.com -> Technologies -> Bluetooth) Palm Inc SDK and HDK Windows Mobile and Windows CE
41
2005 Nokia
Java Bluetooth APIs

Java APIs for Bluetooth Wireless technology
Standard APIs Standardized by Java Community Process (www.jcp.org) Java Specification Request 82 (JSR-82) Defined for Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)
A number of non-standard APIs

Harald (www.control.lth.se/%7Ejohane/harald/) JBluez (www.sourceforge.net) BlueJ (www.sourceforge.net)
42
2005 Nokia
Java APIs for Bluetooth (JSR-82)

Standard API Defined for Java 2 Micro Edition Supported by many mobile device models on the market Nokia: 17 device models are on the market and more are coming
6600, 6260, 6680, 6630, 6681, 7610, 3230, 6670, 6620, 9300, 9500, 8800, 6230, 6230i, 6255, 7710
A few implementations for desktop (J2SE)

List of some : www.javabluetooth.com
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2005 Nokia
Java APIs for Bluetooth (JSR-82) Details

javax.bluetooth
Discovery:
Inquiry, service discovery, service registration
Communication:
L2CAP, Serial Port Profile (RFCOMM)
Device management:
local and remote device
javax.obex
Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP) Optional Supported on upcoming devices
N90, N91, N70, 6280, 6265, 6265i, 6111, 6270
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2005 Nokia
Discovery Example 1/2

public void myInquiry() { // initialize BT stack da.startInquiry(DiscoveryAgent.GIAC, this); }
Inquiry
public void deviceDiscovered(RemoteDevice d, DeviceClass cod) { // save device in a list }
public void inquiryCompleted(int discType) { // optional: ask user to select devices out of list myServiceDiscovery(); }
45
2005 Nokia
Discovery Example 2/2

public void myServiceDiscovery() { for(i=0; i < deviceList.length; i++) // wait until search is done } connect(); } public void serviceDiscovered(...) { // save service in a list } public void serviceSearchCompleted(...) { // indicate that the search is done }
Service discovery
da.searchServices(attrset, UUIDset, remd, this);
46
2005 Nokia
Connection Example (Generic Connection Framework)

BCD
public void myConnect() { String acceptorURL = btspp://localhost: + uuid; ConnectionNotifier n = Connector.open(acceptorURL); Connection c = n.acceptAndOpen(); } Page
A B C D
A
public void myConnect() {
Connection c = Connector.open(btspp://0102030406:5); }
47
2005 Nokia
Application Startup on Bluetooth Connection

Application startup on Bluetooth connection
MIDP 2.0 Push Registry and JSR-82 = Bluetooth Push
Not specified in JSR-82

Only briefly mentioned
Going to be clarified in JSR-248 Few phone support it

S60, starting from 2nd edition, Feature pack 2 6680, 6681, 6682, 6630
48
2005 Nokia
Nokia Bluetooth Development Tools

Java SDKs
Nokia Prototype SDK 3.0 for the Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition Series 40 Developer Platform 2.0 SDK Series 60 Developer Platform SDK's for Symbian OS, for Java (various versions) Series 80 Developer Platform SDK's for Symbian OS, for Java
Symbian C++ SDKs

Series 60 Developer Platform SDK's for Symbian OS, for C++ (various versions) Series 80 Developer Platform 2.0 SDK for Symbian OS Series 60 Developer Platform SDK for Symbian OS, for C++, v0.9 (for 7650 and 3650) Nokia 7710 SDK for Symbian OS, For C++
Development suites
Nokia Developer's Suite 3.0 for J2ME Nokia Developer's Suite for Symbian OS
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2005 Nokia
Tools Integration with IDEs

Tools can be integrated with
Eclipse CodeWarrior Borland C++ Mobile Edition Microsoft Visual Studio Borland JBuilder NetBeans Sun Java Studio Mobility 6 IBM WebSphere Studio Device Developer Sun Wireless Toolkit etc
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2005 Nokia
Bluetooth Testing Support

Testing/debugging with Bluetooth hardware
Development on PC with Bluetooth hardware SDKs have access to Bluetooth hardware Starting from Series 60 Developer Platform SDK's for Symbian OS, 2nd edition, FP1 For C++ and Java
Nokia Connectivity Framework 1.2

Emulation of Bluetooth traffic Starting from Series 60 Developer Platform SDK's for Symbian OS, 2nd edition, FP2 For C++ and Java
Download and more information on forum.nokia.com
51
2005 Nokia
Future of Bluetooth Wireless Technology

Future releases
Several future releases are planed More about features on www.bluetooth.org
Interesting collaboration
Bluetooth and Ultra Wide Band (UWB) UWB
Short-range about 10m Using wide bandwidth (3.1GHz 10GHz) High-speed data (up to 480Mbs)
52
2005 Nokia
Summary
We learned..
Basics of Bluetooth Wireless technology Practical tips for Bluetooth networking About Bluetooth APIs and development tools
So start using Bluetooth and learn more by doing!
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2005 Nokia
References 1/2
Bluetooth SIG website: www.bluetooth.org Yuan, Michael, Juntao; Sharp, KevinDeveloping Scalable Series 40 Applications, Nokia Mobile Developer Series, Addison-Wesley, 2005 Kumar, C Bala; Kline, Paul J.; Thompson, Timothy J.Bluetooth Application Programming with the Java APIs, Morgan Kaufman, 2004 Hopkins, Bruce; Antony, RanjithBluetooth for Java, Apress, 2003 Miller, Brent A.; Bisdikian, Chatschik Bluetooth Revealed, Prentice Hall, 2000 Baraev, Ilya Java APIs for Bluetooth Wireless Technology, Lappeenranta : Lappeenrannan teknillinen korkeakoulu, 2002 Baraev, Ilya; Mittal Nitin: - Mobile Bluetooth Networking With JSR 82: Practical recommendations and advanced practices, JavaOne: TS-3234(USA, 2005)
54
2005 Nokia
References 2/2
Java Community Process website (www.jcp.org) Java APIs for Bluetooth Wireless technology (JSR-82) www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=82 Bluetooth support on Symbian platforms: www.symbian.com/technology/product_descriptions.html Symbian Developers Library: www.symbian.com/developer/techlib/sdl.html Forum Nokia: forum.nokia.com
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2005 Nokia
Q&A
56
2005 Nokia

Ilya Baraev Research Engineer Nokia Corp.
57
2005 Nokia

Ilya Baraev - Bluetooth

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Bluetooth Wireless Technology and PAN

Ilya Baraev Research Engineer Nokia Corp.

Bluetooth Wireless Technology Overview

Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group)

More information at www.bluetooth.org

Bluetooth Wireless Technology Core Specification

V1.2 (November 2003)

V2.0+EDR (November 2004)

PAN Use Cases 1/2

PAN Use Cases 2/2

Etc, etc, etc

TCS BIN Audio

L2CAP LMP Baseband Bluetooth Radio

Bluetooth Protocols Details

OBEX = Object Exchange protocol

SDP = Service Discovery Protocol

BNEP = Bluetooth Network Emulation Protocol

More protocols are defined in the specification

Bluetooth Connection Approach

Inquiry (Device Discovery)

No inquiry scan = Non-discoverable

Inquiry scan = Discoverable

Service Discovery Details

No central service ID authority

Service Discovery Database Mandatory Attributes Service Records

Optional Attributes ......

A set of standard services are in the specification

Bluetooth Discovery Issues

Problems in dense environments

Rather complex source code

Tips for improving discovery and connection usability

Paging (Network Setup)

No page scan = Non-connectable

Page scan = Connectable

Paging (Network Setup)

Piconet - one master - 1 to 7 active slaves

No page scan = Non-connectable

Page scan = Connectable

Paging (Network Setup)

Page scan = Connectable

Paging (Network Setup)

Page scan = Connectable

Paging (Network Setup)

Paging (Network Setup)

Piconet - one master - 1 to 7 active slaves

Ability to connect and to accept connections in various states is different

Client-Server vs. Master-Slave

Application Logic Developers Bluetooth

Server Initiator (Client) Master

Clients Acceptors (Servers) Slave

Two Ways to Form a Piconet

Clients connect to a server with m-s switch / Application logic

Bluetooth Profiles 1/2

Bluetooth profile defines

TCS BIN Audio

L2CAP LMP Baseband Bluetooth Radio

Devices with the same profiles are able to:

Main goal: Interoperability

Bluetooth Profiles 2/2

Total 32 profiles (adopted and WIP) Profile areas

Bluetooth Profiles: Serial Port Adaptation

(Serial port emul. or other API) RFCOMM SDP LMP L2CAP

Bluetooth Profiles: IrDA Interoperability (OBEX)