Introduction to wireless channels

Wireless channel modeling

Chapter 3: Theoretical fundamentals and practical
techniques in 4G physical-layer transmissions
Section 3.1: Wireless channel modeling

July 21, 2010
NGN - Chapter 3: Theoretical fundamentals and practical techniques in 4G Section 3.1: Wireless channel modeling 1
Introduction to wireless channels
Wireless channel modeling
Introduction to wireless channels
The characteristic of (mobile) wireless channel is the variations of the
channel strength over time and frequency. The variations can be divided
into two types:
Large-scale fading is yielded by path loss of signal as a function of
distance and shadowing by large objects such as buildings and hills.
Small-scale fading is yielded by the constructive and destructive
interference of the multiple signal paths between transmitter and
receiver.
NGN - Chapter 3: Theoretical fundamentals and practical techniques in 4G Section 3.1: Wireless channel modeling 2
Introduction to wireless channels
Wireless channel modeling
Wireless channel modeling
The complex transmitted signal can be expressed by
:(t) = Re
[
r(t)c
2t}

|
]
. (1)
Over a multipath (1 physical paths) propagation channel, the
received signal can be obtained by
j
1J
(t) =
J1

l=0
c
l
(t):(t t
l
(t)) + n(t). (2)
Substituting (1) into (2) yields the following
j
1J
(t) = Re
[
J1

l=0
c
l
(t)r(t t
l
(t))c
2t}

(|r

(|))
]
+ n(t) (3)
= Re
[(
J1

l=0
c
l
(t)r(t t
l
(t))
)
c
2t}

|
]
+ n(t)
= Re
[
j(t)c
2t}

|
]
+ n(t)
NGN - Chapter 3: Theoretical fundamentals and practical techniques in 4G Section 3.1: Wireless channel modeling 3
Introduction to wireless channels
Wireless channel modeling
Wireless channel modeling (cont.)
As a result, the received baseband signal can be determined by
j(t) =

.
c
.
(t)r(t t
.
(t)) + n
b
(t). (4)
The next step in creating a useful channel model is to convert the
continuous-time channel to a discrete-time channel. We take the
usual approach of sampling theorem. Assuming that the input
waveform is band-limited to \, the baseband equivalent can be
represented by
r(t) =

n
r
n
sinc(\t n), (5)
where r
n
= r(n,\) and sinc(t)
sin(t|)
t|
.
This representation follows from the sampling theorem, which says
that any waveform band-limited to \,2 can be expanded in terms
of the orthogonal basis functions sinc(\t n) with coecients by
samples (taken uniformly at integer multiples of 1,\)
NGN - Chapter 3: Theoretical fundamentals and practical techniques in 4G Section 3.1: Wireless channel modeling 4
Introduction to wireless channels
Wireless channel modeling
Wireless channel modeling (cont.)
As a result, the baseband received signal can be determined by
j(t) =

.
c
.
(t)

n
r
n
sinc (\(t t
.
(t)) n) + n
b
(t) (6)
=

n
r
n

.
c
.
(t)sinc (\(t t
.
(t)) n) + n
b
(t). (7)
The sampled outputs at multiples of 1,\ is j
n
j(:,\) then
j
n
=

n
r
n

.
c
l
(:,\)sinc (:n t
.
(:,\)\) + n
b
(:,\).
(8)
Let | :n then one can have
j
n
=

l
r
nl

.
c
.
(:,\)sinc (| t
.
(:,\)\) + n
b
(:,\)
=

l
r
nl

l,n
+ n
b
(:,\) (9)
where
l,n
=

.
c
.
(:,\)sinc (| t
.
(:,\)\)
NGN - Chapter 3: Theoretical fundamentals and practical techniques in 4G Section 3.1: Wireless channel modeling 5