ASSIGNMENT-2/ 28th June

Provide cases of effective incentives to sustainability through local development, ilustrate how these incentives have been considered and used and explain why they are effective Problem
We live in a society where pollution increases from day to day, factories produce so much that they increase pollution too. We have the problem of climate change and specifically, about local problems, I can mention transport in the center of the cities that also worsens CO2 emissions, deforestation and exhausts natural resources apart from other problems related to agriculture and the water.

About the topic

A primary challenge of local governance, both today and in decades ahead, is to steer increasingly external, global forces on local development so that development achieves the shared vision of the local population. In cities, towns and villages throughout the world, the primary responsibility for this steering process rests with the institution of local government and its diverse local authorities. As providers of social services, builders of economic infrastructure, regulators of economic activity, and managers of the natural environment, local authorities have many direct instruments at their disposal to influence development. Yet in addition to their direct roles in the development process, perhaps the most important role that local authorities can play in a global economy is that of facilitator among the diverse interests seeking to influence the direction of local development. Only with such a facilitator can a community of diverse interests define a shared vision and act consistent with this vision. A part from the mentioned above, it is necessary appropriate economic incentives for millions of households, farmers, and small producers are needed to channel development activities into sustainable patterns that preserve the productivity of natural resource assets. Incentive problems now arise both from market failures, such as externalities and common property problems, and from policy failures, such as price distortions. Many opportunities are available to improve policies in ways that promote resource conservation, reduce environmental damage, and simultaneously raise economic productivity, decrease government budget deficits, and ameliorate rural poverty. Revising inappropriate pricing policies for agricultural output and such purchased inputs as pesticides and fertilizers would help. Reforming irrigation finance would improve the performance of public systems and promote better water use. Changing inappropriate forest revenue

systems and incentives for the use of forest resources could discourage wastage of forest resources. There are other examples of incentive for sustainability very common in the different regions in Spain. One of them is to recycle waste in several kinds of bins. Another measure become by Madrid is sustainable transportation in the city center. It is based on encouraging citizens to use public transport but also creating new pedestrian street and small buses working with removable energies.

Cristina Chamorro Zayas